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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L293	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Erophylla sezekorni [synonym of]	Erophylla sezekorni [synonym of]	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla sezekorni [synonym of]	Erophylla bombifrons and Eptesicus serotinus bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla bombifrons		[MSW3] Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [HMW] Phyllonycteris bombifrons G. S. Miller, 1899 , “limestone cave near Bayamon , Province of SanJuan, Puerto Rico .” All populations in the genus Erophylla were once considered to be E. sezekorni , which is why some literature actually focuses on E. bombifrons but uses than name E. sezekorni . It is uncertain if santacristobalensis is really a separate subspecies; additional research is needed. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [IUCN] Erophylla bombifrons is included in sezekorni . Its taxonomy was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [batnames2023] Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).							santacristobalensis, bombifrons	bombifrons, santacristobalensis		bombifrons, santacristobalensis		bombifrons, santacristobalensis		bombifrons, santacristobalensis	Erophylla bombifrons is included in sezekorni . Its taxonomy was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	bombifrons, santacristobalensis		bombifrons, santacristobalensis	bombifrons, santacristobalensis	bombifrons, santacristobalensis		bombifrons (G. S. Miller, 1899)|santacristobalensis (D. G. Elliot, 1905)						N/A					Distribution: Confined to Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Brown flower bat	Hispaniola, Puerto Rico; refs. 4.40, 59									MILLER	1899	Braincase relatively high, rising sharply from rostrum. Size relatively-small (forearm length, 45-50 mm; condylobasal length, 21-23 mm).	Distribution: Confined to Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	Two subspecies:	E. b. santacristobalensis (Hispaniola), E. b. bombifrons (Puerto Rico).	79	species	E. bombifrons	MILLER	1899	Erophylla	genus	Erophylla bombifrons				Braincase relatively high, rising sharply from rostrum. Size relatively-small (forearm length, 45-50 mm; condylobasal length, 21-23 mm).	Two subspecies:		2. E. bombifrons (MILLER 1899).	2	_E. b. bombifrons_ (Miller, 1899); _E. b. santacristobalensis_ (Elliot, 1905)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycterinae		Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla		bombifrons	Miller	y	1899		Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	13		36		Brown Flower Bat	Puerto Rico, cave near Bayamón.	Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	santacristobalensis Elliot, 1905.	Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	03A687BCFF90FF901354F918F6FBF64E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	517	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF90FF901354F918F6FBF64E.xml	Erophylla bombifrons	Phyllostomidae	Erophylla	bombifrons		1899	Erophylle de Porto Rico @fr | Braunstirn-Blitenfledermaus @de | Eréfilode Puerto Rico @es	Phyllonycteris bombifrons G. S. Miller, 1899 , “limestone cave near Bayamon , Province of SanJuan, Puerto Rico .” All populations in the genus Erophylla were once considered to be E. sezekorni , which is why some literature actually focuses on E. bombifrons but uses than name E. sezekorni . It is uncertain if santacristobalensis is really a separate subspecies; additional research is needed. Two subspecies recognized.	E.b.bombifronsG.S.Miller,1899—PuertoRico. E. b. santacristobalensis Elliot, 1905 — Hispaniola.	Head-body 80-88 mm, tail 13-17 mm, ear 17-19 mm, hindfoot 13-15 mm, forearm 47-51 mm; weight 16-21 g. The Brown Flower Bat is mediumsized. It is noisy and very alert in caves during the day. Fur is short and silky, chestnutbrown dorsally and paler ventrally and on face and head. Hairs are white at bases and brown at tips. Flight membranes and ears are light brown and devoid of hair. Snoutis elongated and contains long protrusible tongue, covered with bristle-like papillae and rather thick compared to that of Leach’s Single-leaf Bat ( Monophyllus redmani ). Noseleaf is clearly defined, but it is much shorter and rudimentary than in most phyllostomids. Braincase rises abruptly from rostral plane, and zygomatic arches are complete. Dental formula for both species of Fraphyllais 12/2, C1/1,P2/2,M 3/3 (+2) = 32, and teeth are small and do not have W-pattern. Diploid numberis 2n = 32; all autosomes are biarmed, and most are metacentric and submetacentric. X-chromosome is the largest, and Y-chromosome is minute.	Xeric and mesic habitats.	Diet includes fruit, nectar, and insects. Of 109 individuals from Puerto Rico , 75% had consumed insects, 76% nectar, and 85% fruits; c.50% had consumed all three. Coleopterans were most common in fecal pellets, but Diptera , Lepidoptera , and Hymenoptera were also found. An analysis ofstable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen revealed that the Brown Flower Bat obtained most ofits protein from plants. Plants visited for fruit include Muntingia calabura ( Muntingiaceae ), Piper sp. ( Piperaceae ), and Solanum torvum ( Solanaceae ), and plants visited for nectar and pollen include bananas, common guavas, lead trees, and several columnar cacti. When visiting columnar cacti, Brown Flower Bats hold onto flowers rather than hovering in front of them.	Mating system has not been described, but it might be similar to the closely related Buffy Flower Bat ( E. sezekorni ) that is considered polygynous, probably promiscuous, with some characteristics in common with a lek system. Pregnancy occurs in February—June and lactation in May-September. Neonates weight ¢.25% of mothers’ postpartum weights. At birth, young are naked and light pink, with open eyes, and they cling to their mothers. Typically, young are left in caves when mothers go out to forage.	Brown Flower Bats typically share caves with several other species, where it is one of the last species to depart at night. Although some individuals begin their activity ¢.20 minutes after sunset, peak exits occur 40-60 minutes after sunset. It is also one of the first species to return before sunrise. It roosts predominantly in tepid areas (26°C) of caves, although it has been found in abandoned dams and small cavities in ceilings of cooler caves. In these cases, structures of roosts likely facilitate entrapment of metabolic heat, reducing energy required for thermoregulation. Brown Flower Bats probably fly in forest understories because it is regularly captured in mist nets at ground level, and understory plants form part of their diets.	Brown Flower Bats often join multispecies assemblages in caves with hundreds of thousands of bats but roost separately along thermal gradient typical of such caves. They normally form very large colonies and likely commute long distances to forage.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Brown Flower Bat is common throughout its restricted distribution. It is found in protected areas. It does not appearto be locally extinct anywhere in the West Indies.	Baker, August & Steuter (1978) | Fleming et al. (2009) | Gannon et al. (2005) | Rodriguez-Durén (1996, 1998, 2009) | Rodriguez-Duran & Christenson (2012) | Rodriguez-Duran & Inchaustegui (2008) | Simmons (2005) | Soto-Centeno (2004) | Soto-Centeno & Kurta (2003) | Soto-Centeno et al. (2014)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458722/files/figure.png	61. Brown Flower Bat Erophylla bombifrons French: Erophylle de Porto Rico / German: Braunstirn-Blitenfledermaus / Spanish: Eréfilo de Puerto Rico Taxonomy. Phyllonycteris bombifrons G. S. Miller, 1899 , “limestone cave near Bayamon , Province of SanJuan, Puerto Rico .” All populations in the genus Erophylla were once considered to be E. sezekorni , which is why some literature actually focuses on E. bombifrons but uses than name E. sezekorni . It is uncertain if santacristobalensis is really a separate subspecies; additional research is needed. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. E.b.bombifronsG.S.Miller,1899—PuertoRico. E. b. santacristobalensis Elliot, 1905 — Hispaniola. Descriptive notes. Head-body 80-88 mm, tail 13-17 mm, ear 17-19 mm, hindfoot 13-15 mm, forearm 47-51 mm; weight 16-21 g. The Brown Flower Bat is mediumsized. It is noisy and very alert in caves during the day. Fur is short and silky, chestnutbrown dorsally and paler ventrally and on face and head. Hairs are white at bases and brown at tips. Flight membranes and ears are light brown and devoid of hair. Snoutis elongated and contains long protrusible tongue, covered with bristle-like papillae and rather thick compared to that of Leach’s Single-leaf Bat ( Monophyllus redmani ). Noseleaf is clearly defined, but it is much shorter and rudimentary than in most phyllostomids. Braincase rises abruptly from rostral plane, and zygomatic arches are complete. Dental formula for both species of Fraphyllais 12/2, C1/1,P2/2,M 3/3 (+2) = 32, and teeth are small and do not have W-pattern. Diploid numberis 2n = 32; all autosomes are biarmed, and most are metacentric and submetacentric. X-chromosome is the largest, and Y-chromosome is minute. Habitat. Xeric and mesic habitats. Food and Feeding. Diet includes fruit, nectar, and insects. Of 109 individuals from Puerto Rico , 75% had consumed insects, 76% nectar, and 85% fruits; c.50% had consumed all three. Coleopterans were most common in fecal pellets, but Diptera , Lepidoptera , and Hymenoptera were also found. An analysis ofstable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen revealed that the Brown Flower Bat obtained most ofits protein from plants. Plants visited for fruit include Muntingia calabura ( Muntingiaceae ), Piper sp. ( Piperaceae ), and Solanum torvum ( Solanaceae ), and plants visited for nectar and pollen include bananas, common guavas, lead trees, and several columnar cacti. When visiting columnar cacti, Brown Flower Bats hold onto flowers rather than hovering in front of them. Breeding. Mating system has not been described, but it might be similar to the closely related Buffy Flower Bat ( E. sezekorni ) that is considered polygynous, probably promiscuous, with some characteristics in common with a lek system. Pregnancy occurs in February—June and lactation in May-September. Neonates weight ¢.25% of mothers’ postpartum weights. At birth, young are naked and light pink, with open eyes, and they cling to their mothers. Typically, young are left in caves when mothers go out to forage. Activity patterns. Brown Flower Bats typically share caves with several other species, where it is one of the last species to depart at night. Although some individuals begin their activity ¢.20 minutes after sunset, peak exits occur 40-60 minutes after sunset. It is also one of the first species to return before sunrise. It roosts predominantly in tepid areas (26°C) of caves, although it has been found in abandoned dams and small cavities in ceilings of cooler caves. In these cases, structures of roosts likely facilitate entrapment of metabolic heat, reducing energy required for thermoregulation. Brown Flower Bats probably fly in forest understories because it is regularly captured in mist nets at ground level, and understory plants form part of their diets. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Brown Flower Bats often join multispecies assemblages in caves with hundreds of thousands of bats but roost separately along thermal gradient typical of such caves. They normally form very large colonies and likely commute long distances to forage. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Brown Flower Bat is common throughout its restricted distribution. It is found in protected areas. It does not appearto be locally extinct anywhere in the West Indies. Bibliography. Baker, August & Steuter (1978), Fleming et al. (2009), Gannon et al. (2005), Rodriguez-Durén (1996, 1998, 2009), Rodriguez-Duran & Christenson (2012), Rodriguez-Duran & Inchaustegui (2008), Simmons (2005), Soto-Centeno (2004), Soto-Centeno & Kurta (2003), Soto-Centeno et al. (2014).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Erophylla bombifrons	Erophylla		bombifrons	Miller	1899	1	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	13:36	Brown Flower Bat	<b> santacristobalensis </b>Elliot, 1905.	Puerto Rico, cave near Bayam&oacute;n.	Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Erophylla bombifrons	23	Brown Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	BRACHYPHYLLINI	Erophylla	NA	bombifrons	G. S. Miller	1899	1	Phyllonycteris_bombifrons	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1899). Two New Glossophagine Bats from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 36.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2308110#page/62/mode/1up	USNM 86274		"limestone cave near Bayamón, Province of San Juan, Puerto Rico."			bombifrons (G. S. Miller, 1899)|santacristobalensis (D. G. Elliot, 1905)	NA	NA	Haiti|Dominican Republic|Puerto Rico	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	sciname match	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136247	Erophylla bombifrons	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Erophylla	bombifrons	(Miller, 1899)	Erophylla bombifrons is included in sezekorni . Its taxonomy was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	20000000	Erophylla bombifrons	Least Concern		2019	2018-05-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category. However, a close monitoring of populations should be enforced to verify the stability of its populations.	The species normally roosts in large colonies (thousands or hundred of bats) in cooler portions of hot caves (Rodríguez-Durán and Soto-Centeno 2003). Under natural conditions, the brown flower bat roosts in the cooler hot-chamber foyers (Rodríguez-Durán 2009). It begins foraging later than many other bats (Gannon et al.  2005). Its diet typically contains some combination of insects, nectar, and fruit. In a detailed survey, 75% of the individuals consumed at least some insect remains, 76% had fed on nectar, 85% had eaten fruit, and about half the bats had consumed all three dietary items during their most recent foraging period (Soto-Centeno 2004). Seeds found in fecal pellets indicate that it often feeds on the fruit of Panama berry, elder, and turkey berry, whereas pollen samples obtained from the fur suggest that this bat also visits flowers of banana, guava, and wild tamarind for nectar (Gannon et al . 2005). It has a litter size of one and probably gives birth just once each year in spring. On Puerto Rico, pregnant females can be recorded from February through June, and lactating females from May through September (Gannon et al . 2005).	In the Neotropics, caves are under particular threat from increasing numbers of visitors who damage or modify the structure of the caves by mining for construction material or through extraction of guano for fertilizer (Mancina et al . 2007). The impact of wind facilities in Puerto Rico suggests a potential risk for this species (Rodríguez-Durán and Feliciano-Robles 2015). Same cave issues as it is a hot cave species, more susceptible to hurricanes. ;Free-roaming cats could represent another source of threat to cave bats (Rodríguez-Durán et al . 2010).	This bat is locally common; it can form colonies of thousands (Gannon et al.  2005).	Stable	This species is known from the Hispaniola and Puerto Rico islands (Simmons 2005).		Terrestrial	Found in a number of protected areas, from National Parks to Protected forests, mostly on Hispaniola island but also in Puerto Rico.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Erophylla		bombifrons	Miller	1899	1	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	13:36	Brown Flower Bat	<b> santacristobalensis </b>Elliot, 1905.	Puerto Rico, cave near Bayam&oacute;n.	Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Erophylla bombifrons	1004885	23	Brown Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	BRACHYPHYLLINI	Erophylla	NA	bombifrons	G. S. Miller	1899	1	Phyllonycteris_bombifrons	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1899). Two New Glossophagine Bats from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 36.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2308110#page/62/mode/1up	USNM 86274		"limestone cave near Bayamón, Province of San Juan, Puerto Rico."			bombifrons (G. S. Miller, 1899)|santacristobalensis (D. G. Elliot, 1905)	NA	NA				Haiti|Dominican Republic|Puerto Rico	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	sciname match	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Erophylla_bombifrons	1004885	23	Brown Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Brachyphyllini	Erophylla	NA	bombifrons	G. S. Miller	1	Phyllonycteris bombifrons	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1899-05-29. Two new glossophagine bats from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 13:33-37.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2308107	USNM:MAMM:86274	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/30a3ec591-82a8-47dc-8a84-a08acdf00c2d	"limestone cave near Bayamón, Province of San Juan, Puerto Rico."			NA	NA				Haiti|Dominican Republic|Puerto Rico	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	sciname match	Erophylla_bombifrons	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Erophylla		bombifrons	Miller	1899	1	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	13:36	Brown Flower Bat	santacristobalensis Elliot, 1905.	Puerto Rico, cave near Bayam&oacute;n.	Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136247/22003184/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Phyllonycterina	Erophylla bombifrons; Erophylla bombifrons; Erophylla bombifrons; Erophylla bombifrons; Erophylla bombifrons; Erophylla bombifrons; bombifrons; santacristobalensis; bombifrons; santacristobalensis; santacristobalensis; bombifrons; santacristobalensis; Erophylle de Porto Rico; Braunstirn-Blitenfledermaus; Eréfilode Puerto Rico; Brown Flower Bat; Brown Flower Bat; Brown Flower Bat; E. bombifrons