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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L287	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops buettikoferi		[HMW] Epomophorus (Epomophorus) buttikoferi Matschie, 1899 , “Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia .” This species is monotypic.; [IUCN] Closely related to Epomops franqueti from which it can be distinguished by palatal ridges and size (Bergmans 1975, 1989). The two species co-exist in the eastern parts of West Africa from central Nigeria west through to eastern Côte d'Ivoire.														buettikoferi	Closely related to Epomops franqueti from which it can be distinguished by palatal ridges and size (Bergmans 1975, 1989). The two species co-exist in the eastern parts of West Africa from central Nigeria west through to eastern Côte d'Ivoire.			buettikoferi 	buettikoferi, buttikoteri, buettikoferi			buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899)|buttikoteri (Trouessart, 1904) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|buettikoferi Andersen, 1910 [justified emendation]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Biittikofer's fruit bat	Guinea – Ghana; ref. 4.32	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Epomops buettikoferi	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.	Matschie	1899	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus., p. 45.	Dis tribution: Confined to northwestern Africa from Guinea and Sierra Leone to Nigeria.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Biittikofer's fruit bat	Guinea – Ghana; (Hypsignathus monstrosus) ? Nigeria	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Matschie	1899	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus., p. 45.		Guinea to Nigeria.	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.		MATSCHIE	1899	Four inter dental and five to seven post-dental palatal ridges (latter thin, serrate, arcuate). Third inter-dental palatal ridge broadly divided in center. Zygomatic breadth about half of total skull length. Size rela tively large (forearm length, 88-103 mm).	Dis tribution: Confined to northwestern Africa from Guinea and Sierra Leone to Nigeria.	No sub species.		30	species	E. buettikoferi	MATSCHIE	1899	Epomops	genus	Epomops buettikoferi				Four inter dental and five to seven post-dental palatal ridges (latter thin, serrate, arcuate). Third inter-dental palatal ridge broadly divided in center. Zygomatic breadth about half of total skull length. Size rela tively large (forearm length, 88-103 mm).	No sub species.		2. E. buettikoferi (MATSCHIE 1899).	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops		buettikoferi	Matschie	y	1899		Megachiroptera Berlin Mus.			45		Büttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.	Guinea to Nigeria.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Vulnerable; IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.			03AD87FAFFE1F60C8C6B3CF9FBB9F6A2	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	95	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE1F60C8C6B3CF9FBB9F6A2.xml	Epomops buettikoferi	Pteropodidae	Epomops	buettikoferi		1899	Epomophore de Blttikofer @fr | Buttikofer-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epomops de Biittikofer @es	Epomophorus (Epomophorus) buttikoferi Matschie, 1899 , “Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia .” This species is monotypic.	W African rainforest from S Senegal to C Nigeria .	Head-body 142- 195 mm (males) and 103-160 mm (females), tailless, ear 24-26 mm (males) and 20-23 mm (females), hindfoot 21- 22 mm , forearm 89-102 mm (males) and 82-95 mm (females); weight 160-215 g (males) and 110-145 g (females). Males are usually darker, larger, and heavier than females; their heads are also usually larger and more robust. Males have large larynx to produce loud calls. Eyes are large;irises are brown. Ears are brown, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches. Epaulettes occur on adult males; females have inconspicuous invagination on shoulders, with short hairs of same color as dorsal pelage. Dorsum is rich chocolate-brown to pale golden brown, tinted with orange to rusty red on nape and legs. Hairs are unicolored; pelage is soft,slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally 10-11 mm , extending halfway along forearm. Venteris slightly paler than dorsum, lightening to off-white or white to middle; conspicuous white or whitish patch can be present mid-ventrally; and chin and throat are medium brown in males but only marginally darker than belly in females. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are brown, attaching to second toes. Skull is medium-sized, rostrum is broad and relatively long; dorsal profile 1s straight or slightly convex; zygomatic arches are long; and palate is relatively long, rather strongly concave, both side-to-side and anteroposteriorly. Post-dental palate is almost flat. There are three thick and 5-8 thin, irregularly serrated palatal ridges; ridges 1-2 are undivided; and ridge 3 is generally divided by wide medial gap, sometimes by small gap and exceptionally undivided. I* is sometimes missing. Dentition is generally weak, with wide post-canine diastema, and cheekteeth are relatively low and narrow, with wide interdental spaces. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 35 (males) and 36 (females) and FNa = 68, giving a XX/XO sex chromosome system.	West African Rainforest and Northern Rainforest-Savanna mosaic biotic zones and sometimes Guinea Savanna areas at elevations of 656-1175 m . Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat seems to prefer moist savannas, although it penetrates into lowland rainforests, disturbed forests, secondary bush, cultivated land, gallery forests, and edges of closed forest.	Buittikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous and lands on fruit and then carries it in the mouth to feeding sites 50-100 m away. Feet and thumbs are used to put food in expansible cheek pouches, where juices and small seeds are extracted. Feeding roosts are used for more than ten days. Large fruits (more than 20 g ) mainly from Ficus capensis and FE vallis-choudae (both Moraceae ) dominated diets in Guinean Savanna areas. In other areas, diets can be very diverse with fruits from up to 15 plant genera in 13 families, including Solanum torvum and S. erianthum ( Solanaceae ), Milicia excelsa ( Moraceae ), Momordica sp. ( Cucurbitaceae ), Anthocleista nobilis ( Gentianaceae ), and Adenia cissampeloides and A. miegei (both Passifloraceae ). Flowers of Ceiba pentandra ( Malvaceae ) are also visited. In captivity, Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat eats ¢.150% of body weight/night.	Litter size of Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one. In Ivory Coast , births occur at start of long wet season (February-March) when fruit becomes more abundant, with a second peak six months later at about the onset of short wet season (August-September) when there is a minor increase in availability of fruit. Reproductive chronology is bimodal polyestry, with postpartum estrus ( Ivory Coast and Liberia ). Gestation lasts ¢.6 months. Lactation (for the whole population) lasts ¢.7-8 weeks for births at start of long wet season and c.13 weeks for second birth period. Longer second period might be linked with reduced synchrony between females. Young start flying in May-June and November—-December. Females become mature at ¢.6 months old and give birth at c.12 months. Males enter puberty at 9-11 months old and are fully adult by 15 months. Males start fledging when they reach 28.9% of adult weight and females when they reach 45-8%.	Female Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bats leave their roosts at dusk and forage throughout the night. Males establish calling stations and call for several hours a night until about midnight when they begin to forage. For mating, males form an “exploded” lek along riverbanks, and they emit loud rhythmic calls (*kyonks”) at a rate of one per second; rate increases when females approach. Females actively select calling males and copulate. Activity in leks changes with the season; during mating periods (February—April and August-December), calling starts at ¢.19:45 h. Outside this period, moonlight restricts activity: only a limited number of males call during moonlit nights starting at ¢.21:15 h, whereas on dark nights, most males call and start at ¢.20:15 h.	Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bats generally roost alone in dense foliage along gallery forest edges.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population. Overall population is estimated to be decreasing but likely not fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. Major threats are probably habitat loss due to deforestation and hunting for bushmeat.	Barclay & Harder (2003) | Bergmans (1989) | Denys etal. (2013) | Monadjem (2016a) | Seltzer et al. (2013) | Thomas & Henry (2013a) | Thomas & Marshall (1984) | Wolton et al. (1982)		60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomops buettikoferi French: Epomophore de Blttikofer / German: Buttikofer-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epomops de Biittikofer Taxonomy. Epomophorus (Epomophorus) buttikoferi Matschie, 1899 , “Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. W African rainforest from S Senegal to C Nigeria . Descriptive notes. Head-body 142- 195 mm (males) and 103-160 mm (females), tailless, ear 24-26 mm (males) and 20-23 mm (females), hindfoot 21- 22 mm , forearm 89-102 mm (males) and 82-95 mm (females); weight 160-215 g (males) and 110-145 g (females). Males are usually darker, larger, and heavier than females; their heads are also usually larger and more robust. Males have large larynx to produce loud calls. Eyes are large;irises are brown. Ears are brown, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches. Epaulettes occur on adult males; females have inconspicuous invagination on shoulders, with short hairs of same color as dorsal pelage. Dorsum is rich chocolate-brown to pale golden brown, tinted with orange to rusty red on nape and legs. Hairs are unicolored; pelage is soft,slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally 10-11 mm , extending halfway along forearm. Venteris slightly paler than dorsum, lightening to off-white or white to middle; conspicuous white or whitish patch can be present mid-ventrally; and chin and throat are medium brown in males but only marginally darker than belly in females. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are brown, attaching to second toes. Skull is medium-sized, rostrum is broad and relatively long; dorsal profile 1s straight or slightly convex; zygomatic arches are long; and palate is relatively long, rather strongly concave, both side-to-side and anteroposteriorly. Post-dental palate is almost flat. There are three thick and 5-8 thin, irregularly serrated palatal ridges; ridges 1-2 are undivided; and ridge 3 is generally divided by wide medial gap, sometimes by small gap and exceptionally undivided. I* is sometimes missing. Dentition is generally weak, with wide post-canine diastema, and cheekteeth are relatively low and narrow, with wide interdental spaces. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 35 (males) and 36 (females) and FNa = 68, giving a XX/XO sex chromosome system. Habitat. West African Rainforest and Northern Rainforest-Savanna mosaic biotic zones and sometimes Guinea Savanna areas at elevations of 656-1175 m . Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat seems to prefer moist savannas, although it penetrates into lowland rainforests, disturbed forests, secondary bush, cultivated land, gallery forests, and edges of closed forest. Food and Feeding. Buittikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous and lands on fruit and then carries it in the mouth to feeding sites 50-100 m away. Feet and thumbs are used to put food in expansible cheek pouches, where juices and small seeds are extracted. Feeding roosts are used for more than ten days. Large fruits (more than 20 g ) mainly from Ficus capensis and FE vallis-choudae (both Moraceae ) dominated diets in Guinean Savanna areas. In other areas, diets can be very diverse with fruits from up to 15 plant genera in 13 families, including Solanum torvum and S. erianthum ( Solanaceae ), Milicia excelsa ( Moraceae ), Momordica sp. ( Cucurbitaceae ), Anthocleista nobilis ( Gentianaceae ), and Adenia cissampeloides and A. miegei (both Passifloraceae ). Flowers of Ceiba pentandra ( Malvaceae ) are also visited. In captivity, Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat eats ¢.150% of body weight/night. Breeding. Litter size of Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one. In Ivory Coast , births occur at start of long wet season (February-March) when fruit becomes more abundant, with a second peak six months later at about the onset of short wet season (August-September) when there is a minor increase in availability of fruit. Reproductive chronology is bimodal polyestry, with postpartum estrus ( Ivory Coast and Liberia ). Gestation lasts ¢.6 months. Lactation (for the whole population) lasts ¢.7-8 weeks for births at start of long wet season and c.13 weeks for second birth period. Longer second period might be linked with reduced synchrony between females. Young start flying in May-June and November—-December. Females become mature at ¢.6 months old and give birth at c.12 months. Males enter puberty at 9-11 months old and are fully adult by 15 months. Males start fledging when they reach 28.9% of adult weight and females when they reach 45-8%. Activity patterns. Female Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bats leave their roosts at dusk and forage throughout the night. Males establish calling stations and call for several hours a night until about midnight when they begin to forage. For mating, males form an “exploded” lek along riverbanks, and they emit loud rhythmic calls (*kyonks”) at a rate of one per second; rate increases when females approach. Females actively select calling males and copulate. Activity in leks changes with the season; during mating periods (February—April and August-December), calling starts at ¢.19:45 h. Outside this period, moonlight restricts activity: only a limited number of males call during moonlit nights starting at ¢.21:15 h, whereas on dark nights, most males call and start at ¢.20:15 h. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bats generally roost alone in dense foliage along gallery forest edges. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population. Overall population is estimated to be decreasing but likely not fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. Major threats are probably habitat loss due to deforestation and hunting for bushmeat. Bibliography. Barclay & Harder (2003), Bergmans (1989), Denys etal. (2013), Monadjem (2016a), Seltzer et al. (2013), Thomas & Henry (2013a), Thomas & Marshall (1984), Wolton et al. (1982).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Epomops buettikoferi	Epomops		buettikoferi	Matschie	1899	1	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus.	p. 45	B&uuml;ttikofer&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.	Guinea to Nigeria and Cameroon.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Epomops buettikoferi	23	Büttikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomops	NA	buettikoferi	Matschie	1899	1	Epomophorus_büttikoferi	Matschie, P. (1899). Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 45.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103360#page/55/mode/1up	RMNH 19640		"Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia."			buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899)	NA	NA	Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	sciname match	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7907	Epomops buettikoferi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Epomops	buettikoferi	(Matschie, 1899)	Closely related to Epomops franqueti from which it can be distinguished by palatal ridges and size (Bergmans 1975, 1989). The two species co-exist in the eastern parts of West Africa from central Nigeria west through to eastern Côte d'Ivoire.	20000000	Epomops buettikoferi	Least Concern		2016	2014-01-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, its presumed large population, its occurrence in a number of protected areas, its tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species occurs in a variety of habitats within tropical West Africa including the Guineo-Congolian lowland tropical moist forests of the Upper Guinea forest block and the adjoining mosaic of lowland tropical moist forest and secondary grassland. In the Mount Nimba area species was caught mostly in areas of secondary bush or cultivated land, in preference to primary forest; it was rarely caught within closed forest, but did occur in the fringes (Wolton et al. 1982). It is mostly a lowland species, avoiding higher altitudes, but has been captured up to 1,200 m above sea level at Mount Nimba (Monadjem 2011). Similar observations on habitat were reported from other Liberian forests (Monadjem and Fahr 2007). Hence, this species appears to prefer disturbed forest and forest edge over primary forest, and is more abundant in lower-lying forests than those at higher altitudes. Populations have also been recorded from swamp forest and mangroves. Animals are typically found singly or in small groups.	It is possible that there are no major threats to this species. Populations might be threatened by deforestation in parts of the species range, however, the extent to which it depends on forest cover is unclear.	It appears to remain common in many areas, with the exception of Nigeria. West of Ghana, this species is typically one of the most abundant (in terms of captures) pteropodids in primary and secondary forest, and forest edge habitats.	Decreasing	This West African bat ranges from Senegal and Guinea-Bissau in the west, to central Nigeria in the east.	This species is hunted for bushmeat.	Terrestrial	<u>Current conservation efforts</u> This species has been recorded from a number of protected areas in West Africa (Mickleburgh et al. 1992), and in fact appears to thrive outside of these protected areas. <u>Conservation needs/priorities</u> Studies are needed on the species’ population sizes, distribution, and extent of occurrence throughout its range. Monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. The threats to these bats are poorly understood. Studies are needed on the species’ natural history and habitat requirements and the relationship between habitat and population sizes. Further studies are needed into the dependence of this species on forested areas, and its tolerance of deforestation and habitat degradation.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Epomops		buettikoferi	Matschie	1899	1	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus.	p. 45	B&uuml;ttikofer&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.	Guinea to Nigeria and Cameroon.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Epomops buettikoferi	1004527	23	Büttikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomops	NA	buettikoferi	Matschie	1899	1	Epomophorus_büttikoferi	Matschie, P. (1899). Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 45.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103360#page/55/mode/1up	RMNH 19640		"Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia."			buettikoferi (Matschie, 1899)	NA	NA				Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	sciname match	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Epomops_buettikoferi	1004527	23	Büttikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Epomophorini	Epomops	NA	buettikoferi	Matschie	1	Epomophorus büttikoferi	Matschie, P. 1899. Die Megachiroptera des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 102 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33099105	RMNH.MAM.19640	holotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.19640.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.19640.b	"Schlieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia."			NA	NA				Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	sciname match	Epomops_buettikoferi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Epomops		buettikoferi	Matschie	1899	1	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus.	p. 45	B&uuml;ttikofer&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Liberia, Junk River, Schlieffelinsville.	Guinea to Nigeria and Cameroon.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7907/22116763/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Epomops buettikoferi; Epomops buettikoferi; Epomops buettikoferi; Epomops buettikoferi; Epomops buettikoferi; Epomops buettikoferi; buettikoferi; Epomophore de Blttikofer; Buttikofer-Epaulettenflughund; Epomops de Biittikofer; Büttikofer's Epauletted Fruit Bat; Büttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; B&uuml;ttikofer&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. buettikoferi