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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L279 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Micropteropus grandis Micropteropus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Micropteropus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis [MSW2] Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988).; [MSW3] grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988).; [HMW] Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, 1950 , Dundo, LLunda, Angola . Epomophorus grandis is the only member of the grandis species group. W. Bergmans in 1988 transferred it from Mucropteropus to Epomophorus . It is known from only three adults and one young. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988).; [batnames2023] grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988).; [batnames2025_1.7] grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). grandis grandis grandis grandis (Sanborn, 1950) Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp. Sanborn's epauletted fruit bat NE Angola; Congo Rep.; ref. 4.33 Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp. Micropteropus grandis Angola, Lunda, Dundo. Sanborn 1950 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola, 10:55. Distribution: Known by a few specimens from southern Congo Republic and northern Angola. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5 Sanborn's epauletted fruit bat NE Angola; Congo Rep.; ref. 4.111 Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. Sanborn 1950 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola, 10:55. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). N Angola, S Congo Republic. Angola, Lunda, Dundo. SANBORN 1950 Six palatal ridges, second to sixth narrowly divided medially, ar ranged in two parallel lines of separate pairs. Size relatively large (forearm length, 63-66 mm; total length of skull, 35-36 mm). Distribution: Known by a few specimens from southern Congo Republic and northern Angola. No subspecies. 32 species M. grandis SANBORN 1950 Micropteropus genus Micropteropus grandis Six palatal ridges, second to sixth narrowly divided medially, ar ranged in two parallel lines of separate pairs. Size relatively large (forearm length, 63-66 mm; total length of skull, 35-36 mm). No subspecies. 1. M. grandis SANBORN 1950. 1 NA Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Pteropodidae Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Sanborn y 1950 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola 10 55 Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Angola, Lunda, Dundo. N Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Data Deficient. grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). 03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817 Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b 100 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFEEF6008CB63515FA57F817.xml Epomophorus grandis Pteropodidae Epomophorus grandis 1950 Epomophore de Sanborn @fr | Sanborn-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epomdforo de Sanborn @es Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, 1950 , Dundo, LLunda, Angola . Epomophorus grandis is the only member of the grandis species group. W. Bergmans in 1988 transferred it from Mucropteropus to Epomophorus . It is known from only three adults and one young. Monotypic. Only known from type locality in NE Angola and Pointe Noire on the coast of the Republic of Congo . Head—body 99 mm (single male), tail 4 mm (single male) and 8 mm (single female), ear 17-18 mm (males) and 16 mm (single female), hindfoot 18 mm (males) and 19- 6 mm (single female), forearm 62-63 mm (males) and 66 mm (single female). Head is pale brown, and muzzle is rather long but short and broad for the genus. Eyes are large; ears are relatively short, slightly pointed, and naked, with brown pigmentation and anterior and posterior light ear patches. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale reddish brown; hairs are unicolored to slightly dark brown at bases; and pelage is dense. Venter is very light brown to whitish brown, pelage is sparser than on dorsum, and throat is nearly naked. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and attach to second toes. Rostrum is relatively short and broad, zygomatic width is relatively large, and post-dental palate is weakly concave. There are six palatal ridges, first is large hastate and fifth is thick; only last ridge is post-dental;fifth is level with posterior molars; and ridges 2-6 are divided by medial gap (2-4 not divided in juveniles). Southern Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic, just south of Rainforest biotic zone. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat might be a woodland species and also found in woodland savanna habitats. Holotype was collected in an area with Borassus ( Arecaceae ) palms and lower shrubs behind a beach at sea level. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Batis frugivorous and nectarivorous. Holotype of Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat was captured in September and was carrying a young, suggesting that births take place just before start of wet seasons. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. No information. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. There is an absence of recent information on Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat. Deforestation in parts ofits distribution might pose a threat, but it is unknown how it adapts to habitat change. It is not known to occur in any protected area. Bergmans (1988) | Fahr & Mildenstein (2016) | Happold, M. (2013d) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus grandis French: Epomophore de Sanborn / German: Sanborn-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epomdforo de Sanborn Taxonomy. Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, 1950 , Dundo, LLunda, Angola . Epomophorus grandis is the only member of the grandis species group. W. Bergmans in 1988 transferred it from Mucropteropus to Epomophorus . It is known from only three adults and one young. Monotypic. Distribution. Only known from type locality in NE Angola and Pointe Noire on the coast of the Republic of Congo . Descriptive notes. Head—body 99 mm (single male), tail 4 mm (single male) and 8 mm (single female), ear 17-18 mm (males) and 16 mm (single female), hindfoot 18 mm (males) and 19- 6 mm (single female), forearm 62-63 mm (males) and 66 mm (single female). Head is pale brown, and muzzle is rather long but short and broad for the genus. Eyes are large; ears are relatively short, slightly pointed, and naked, with brown pigmentation and anterior and posterior light ear patches. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale reddish brown; hairs are unicolored to slightly dark brown at bases; and pelage is dense. Venter is very light brown to whitish brown, pelage is sparser than on dorsum, and throat is nearly naked. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and attach to second toes. Rostrum is relatively short and broad, zygomatic width is relatively large, and post-dental palate is weakly concave. There are six palatal ridges, first is large hastate and fifth is thick; only last ridge is post-dental;fifth is level with posterior molars; and ridges 2-6 are divided by medial gap (2-4 not divided in juveniles). Habitat. Southern Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic, just south of Rainforest biotic zone. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat might be a woodland species and also found in woodland savanna habitats. Holotype was collected in an area with Borassus ( Arecaceae ) palms and lower shrubs behind a beach at sea level. Food and Feeding. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Batis frugivorous and nectarivorous. Breeding. Holotype of Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat was captured in September and was carrying a young, suggesting that births take place just before start of wet seasons. Activity patterns. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. There is an absence of recent information on Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat. Deforestation in parts ofits distribution might pose a threat, but it is unknown how it adapts to habitat change. It is not known to occur in any protected area. Bibliography. Bergmans (1988), Fahr & Mildenstein (2016), Happold, M. (2013d), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Pteropodidae Epomophorus grandis Epomophorus grandis Sanborn 1950 1 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola 10:55 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Lunda, Dundo. N Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo. Not listed. Data Deficient grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Epomophorus grandis 23 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA PTEROPODIDAE ROUSETTINAE EPOMOPHORINI Epomophorus NA grandis Sanborn 1950 1 Micropteropus_grandis Sanborn, C. C. (1950). Chiroptera from Dundo, Lunda, northeastern Angola. Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 10, 55. FMNH 66433 Dundo, Lunda, Angola. grandis (Sanborn, 1950) NA NA Angola|Republic of the Congo Africa Afrotropic DD 0 0 0 Epomophorus_grandis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_grandis 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 7902 Epomophorus grandis ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIDAE Epomophorus grandis (Sanborn, 1950) 20000000 Epomophorus grandis Data Deficient 2016 2015-04-20 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence, ecological requirements, threats and conservation status. Although the natural history of this species is poorly known, it seems to be primarily a savanna species that may range into tropical moist forest. The threats to this species are not known. There is deforestation taking place in parts of the species range, however, it is not known how adaptable this species is to habitat modification. It is only known from a few specimens. Unknown This poorly known African bat has only been recorded at the type locality of Dundo in northeast Angola, and from Pointe Noire on the coast of Congo (Bergmans 1988). It is not known if this species is hunted for the bushmeat trade. Terrestrial Current conservation efforts It is not known if the species is present in any protected areas. The area where it occurs has been inaccessible for many years, Conservation needs/priorities Studies are needed on the species’ population sizes, distribution, and extent of occurrence throughout its range. Monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. The threats to these bats are poorly understood. Studies are needed on the species’ natural history and habitat requirements and on the effects of forest loss and degradation on the species’ population sizes/distribution. Research is also needed whether the species is hunted, and if so, on the amount of hunting and the level of bushmeat trade, and the effects of that hunting on population sizes and persistence. Effective roost site protection efforts are needed to minimize hunting mortality and disturbance to non-target individuals. Similar to most threatened flying foxes, local capacity building for conservation managers and education and awareness within local communities are greatly needed to support conservation efforts. Afrotropical FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Pteropodidae Epomophorus grandis Sanborn 1950 1 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola 10:55 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Lunda, Dundo. N Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo. Not listed. Data Deficient grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). Epomophorus grandis 1004521 23 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA Pteropodidae ROUSETTINAE EPOMOPHORINI Epomophorus NA grandis Sanborn 1950 1 Micropteropus_grandis Sanborn, C. C. (1950). Chiroptera from Dundo, Lunda, northeastern Angola. Publicações Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 10, 55. FMNH 66433 Dundo, Lunda, Angola. grandis (Sanborn, 1950) NA NA Angola|Republic of the Congo Africa Afrotropic DD 0 0 0 Epomophorus_grandis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_grandis 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Epomophorus_grandis 1004521 23 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yinpterochiroptera NA NA Pteropodoidea Pteropodidae Epomophorinae Epomophorini Epomophorus NA grandis Sanborn 1 Micropteropus grandis Sanborn, C.C. 1950. Chiroptera from Dundo, Lunda, Northeastern Angola. Publicações culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola 10:53-62. FMNH:Mamm:66433 holotype http://portal.vertnet.org/o/fmnh/mammals?id=555e3cd5-9d3a-485e-ad02-0a1123016e71 Dundo, Lunda, Angola. NA NA Angola|Republic of the Congo Africa Afrotropic DD 0 0 0 Epomophorus_grandis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_grandis 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Pteropodidae Epomophorus grandis Sanborn 1950 1 Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola 10:55 Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Lunda, Dundo. N Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo. Not Listed Data Deficient grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988). Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Epomophorus grandis; Epomophorus grandis; Epomophorus grandis; Epomophorus grandis; Epomophorus grandis; Epomophorus grandis; grandis; Epomophore de Sanborn; Sanborn-Epaulettenflughund; Epomdforo de Sanborn; Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat; Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; Sanborn's Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. grandis