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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L276	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus gambianus		[MSW2] See Boulay and Robbins (1989, Mammalian Species, 344).; [MSW3] gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus.; [HMW] Pteropus gambianus Ogilby, 1835 , “ Gambia .” Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to “ Banjul ,” Gambia . Epomophorus gambianus is in the gambianus species group, and E. reii is a synonym. Taxonomic status of larger subspecies pousarguesi needs further investigation because it is known from just four specimens recorded in two close localities. Former subspecies crypturusis recognized here as a related but distinct species. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis ; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus. ; [IUCN] The subspecies posarguesi Trouessart, 1904 was considered to be Rare by Mickleburgh in the Action Plan. It is certainly rare in collections: four specimens from two localities. Nothing further is known.; [batnames2023]  gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis ; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus. ; [batnames2025_1.7] gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus.					(crypturus) (pousarguesi) (reii)	crypturus, epomophorus, guineensis, macrocephalus, megacephalus, parvus, pousarguesi, reii, whitei, zechi.		gambianus, pousarguesi	epomophorus, guineensis, macrocephalus, megacephalus, reii, whitei, zechi	gambianus, pousarguesi	reii	gambianus, pousarguesi	gambianus - epomophorus, guineensis, macrocephalus, megacephalus, reii, whitei, zechi	gambianus, macrocephalus, megacephalus, epomophorus, whitei, guineensis, zechi, pousarguesi, reii	The subspecies posarguesi Trouessart, 1904 was considered to be Rare by Mickleburgh in the Action Plan. It is certainly rare in collections: four specimens from two localities. Nothing further is known.	gambianus, pousarguesi	gambianus - epomophorus, guineensis, macrocephalus, megacephalus, reii, whitei, zechi	gambianus, macrocephalus, megacephalus, epomophorus, whitei, guineensis, zechi, pousarguesi, reii 	gambianus, macrocephalus, megacephalus, epomophorus, whitei, guineensis, zechi, pousarguesi, reii 	gambianus, pousarguesi	gambianus - epomophorus, guineensis, macrocephalus, megacephalus, reii, whitei, zechi	gambianus (W. Ogilby, 1835)|macrocephalus (W. Ogilby, 1835)|megacephalus (Swainson, 1835)|epomophorus (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|whitei (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|whitii J. E. Gray, 1838 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|guineensis du Bocage, 1898|zechi Matschie, 1899|pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904|reii Aellen, 1950		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Gambian epauletted fruit bat	Senegal – S Ethiopia, S Zaire, Zambia, Rhodesia	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Epomophorus gambianus	Gambia.	Ogilby	1835	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835:100.	Distribution: As here defined (not including par vus), this species ranges across northern tropical Africa (for the most part north of the forests) from Senegal to Ethiopia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Gambian epauletted fruit bat	Senegal – S Ethiopia – Angola, South Africa	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Ogilby	1835	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835:100.	See Boulay and Robbins (1989, Mammalian Species, 344).	Senegal to W Ethiopia; S Tanzania to Angola and South Africa.	Gambia.		OGILBY	1835	Fourth palatal ridge midway between third and fifth. Size large (forearm length, 76-93 mm; total length of skull, 51-62 mm).	Distribution: As here defined (not including par vus), this species ranges across northern tropical Africa (for the most part north of the forests) from Senegal to Ethiopia.	No subspecies.		31	species	E. gambianus	OGILBY	1835	Epomophorus	genus	Epomophorus gambianus				Fourth palatal ridge midway between third and fifth. Size large (forearm length, 76-93 mm; total length of skull, 51-62 mm).	No subspecies.		5. E. gambianus (OGILBY 1835) [gambianus group].	5	_E. g. gambianus_ (Ogilby, 1835) (synonyms: _epomophorus_ (Bennett, 1836), _guineensis_ Bocage, 1898, _macrocephalus_ (Ogilby, 1835), _megacephalus_ (Swainson, 1835), _reii_ Aellen, 1950, _whitei_ (Bennett, 1836), _zechi_ Matschie, 1899); _E. g. pousarguesi_ Trouessart, 1904			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus		gambianus	Ogilby	y	1835		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1835		100		Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat	Gambia, Banjul (restricted by Kock et al., 2002).	Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, S to Malawi and Botswana.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	epomophorus Bennett, 1836; guineensis Bocage, 1898; macrocephalus Ogilby, 1835; megacephalus Swainson, 1835; reii Aellen, 1950; whitei Bennett, 1836; zechi Matschie, 1899; pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904.	gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus.	03AD87FAFFE2F60D8CB73F98FF14F434	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	96	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE2F60D8CB73F98FF14F434.xml	Epomophorus gambianus	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus	gambianus		1835	Epomophore de Gambie @fr | Gambia-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epomdforo de Gambia @es	Pteropus gambianus Ogilby, 1835 , “ Gambia .” Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to “ Banjul ,” Gambia . Epomophorus gambianus is in the gambianus species group, and E. reii is a synonym. Taxonomic status of larger subspecies pousarguesi needs further investigation because it is known from just four specimens recorded in two close localities. Former subspecies crypturusis recognized here as a related but distinct species. Two subspecies recognized.	E.g.gambianusOgilby,1835—SenegaltoEthiopia,excludingpartofCentralAfricanRepublic. E. g. pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904 — Central African Republic ( 4° N , 18- 19° E ).	Head—body 108-170 mm (males) and 130-162 mm (females), tail 0-6 mm (males) and 0-8 mm (females), ear 21-27 mm (males) and 19-28 mm (females), hindfoot 20-27 mm , forearm 80— 100 mm (males) and 75-95 mm (females); weight 96-155 g (males) and 87-145 g (females). Males are on average larger than females. Adult males have white epaulettes and dark brown necks and chest. Head is flat, muzzle is very long and narrow, deep incision occurs between nostrils, and lips are greatly expansible. Eyes are large; irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are relatively short, rounded, and brown with dark rims, with anterior and posterior light ear patches. Tongue is relatively long. Dorsum is pale fawnbrown, paler on shoulders and with yellow tinges on head, neck, and rump; some males are darker (sepia-brown), others are much paler; hairs are dark brown at bases; pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c¢. 10 mm , extending along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Venteris slightly to markedly paler than dorsum; males sometimes have pale or white ventral patch. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are brown and attach to second toes. Skull is long and narrow, especially in males; braincase is flat and slopes downward posteriorly; sagittal crest is weak; lambdoid crests and supraorbital processes are well developed; post-dental palate is extremely concave; and zygomatic width is relatively narrow. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental; fourth is midway between third and fifth; and ridges 2-4 are undivided. Dental formula for all species of Epomophorusis 12/2, G1/1,P 2/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Supernumerary teeth (e.g. premolars) can be present. C' and first upper premolar (P?) recurved and pointed, lower cheekteeth not lobed, and P, almost caniniform.	Primarily Sudan and Guinea savannas ( Isoberlinia , Fabaceae , woodland in West Africa) and fringes of Northern Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic biotic zones, sometimes cleared areas in lowland rainforests and mangrove forests, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2900 m .	The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat feeds opportunistically on soft endemic and cultivated fruits and nectar. Its feeds alone but sometimes in mixed-species groups with Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bats ( E. pusillus ) and Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat ( Nanonycteris veldkampii ). It is an important seed disperser and contributes to regeneration of abandoned farmlands. It feeds on various fruits, particularly figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ) and many introduced species, and heavily uses nectar of species of Malvaceae ( Adansonia , Bombax , and Ceiba ), Fabaceae ( Parkia ), and Bignoniaceae ( Kigelia ).	In Ivory Coast , reproductive cycle is continuous polyestry, with postpartum estrus. Calling displays of males probably attract females for mating. Gestation lasts 5-6 months. Littersize is generally one; there are two litters/year: beginning of wet season (April) and end of wet season (October).	During the day, Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bats roost in foliage; they remain silent and hardly move, except for grooming. At dusk, adult males start performing calling displays during which they generate bell-like “ping” sounds every 1-3 seconds, display their epaulettes, and beat their wings between calls; displays can last to up to 35 minutes. Roosts are then left (18:40-19:00 h), either by individuals or groups that return at 04:45-05:15 h. During the night, calling displays can be repeated at othersites. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bats fly low over rivers to drink directly, or they lick water from wet pelage.	The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat roosts alone or in groups of more than 100 individuals hanging from small branches in the shade, generally in canopies of the highest savanna trees, including Khaya senegalensis and Azadirachta indica (both Meliaceae ); Kigelia africana ( Bignoniaceae ); Mangifera sp. ( Anacardiaceae ); Cola sp. ( Malvaceae ); and Ficus sp. ( Moraceae ). It hangs at least 30 cm from each other and barely contact one another. In some regions,itis nomadic in response to seasonal changes in food availability. Based on isotope data, the Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat has been suggested to have an east-west migratory pattern, which is even more pronounced than migration displayed by the African Straw-colored Fruit Bat ( Eidolon helvum ). Six specimens that were captured in February in Mali most probably originated 3000 km to the east.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and large population.It is probably not declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. Major threats are probably hunting and habitat loss due to changing land use and climate change.	Boulay & Robbins (1989) | Happold, D.C.D. & Happold (1978) | Happold, M. (2013c) | Kock et al. (2002) | Lanza et al. (2008) | Nesi et al. (2011) | Omatsu et al. (2008) | Peterson & Nagorsen (1975) | Tanshi & Fahr (2016)		62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus gambianus French: Epomophore de Gambie / German: Gambia-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epomdforo de Gambia Taxonomy. Pteropus gambianus Ogilby, 1835 , “ Gambia .” Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to “ Banjul ,” Gambia . Epomophorus gambianus is in the gambianus species group, and E. reii is a synonym. Taxonomic status of larger subspecies pousarguesi needs further investigation because it is known from just four specimens recorded in two close localities. Former subspecies crypturusis recognized here as a related but distinct species. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. E.g.gambianusOgilby,1835—SenegaltoEthiopia,excludingpartofCentralAfricanRepublic. E. g. pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904 — Central African Republic ( 4° N , 18- 19° E ). Descriptive notes. Head—body 108-170 mm (males) and 130-162 mm (females), tail 0-6 mm (males) and 0-8 mm (females), ear 21-27 mm (males) and 19-28 mm (females), hindfoot 20-27 mm , forearm 80— 100 mm (males) and 75-95 mm (females); weight 96-155 g (males) and 87-145 g (females). Males are on average larger than females. Adult males have white epaulettes and dark brown necks and chest. Head is flat, muzzle is very long and narrow, deep incision occurs between nostrils, and lips are greatly expansible. Eyes are large; irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are relatively short, rounded, and brown with dark rims, with anterior and posterior light ear patches. Tongue is relatively long. Dorsum is pale fawnbrown, paler on shoulders and with yellow tinges on head, neck, and rump; some males are darker (sepia-brown), others are much paler; hairs are dark brown at bases; pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c¢. 10 mm , extending along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Venteris slightly to markedly paler than dorsum; males sometimes have pale or white ventral patch. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are brown and attach to second toes. Skull is long and narrow, especially in males; braincase is flat and slopes downward posteriorly; sagittal crest is weak; lambdoid crests and supraorbital processes are well developed; post-dental palate is extremely concave; and zygomatic width is relatively narrow. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental; fourth is midway between third and fifth; and ridges 2-4 are undivided. Dental formula for all species of Epomophorusis 12/2, G1/1,P 2/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 28. Supernumerary teeth (e.g. premolars) can be present. C' and first upper premolar (P?) recurved and pointed, lower cheekteeth not lobed, and P, almost caniniform. Habitat. Primarily Sudan and Guinea savannas ( Isoberlinia , Fabaceae , woodland in West Africa) and fringes of Northern Rainforest-Savanna Mosaic biotic zones, sometimes cleared areas in lowland rainforests and mangrove forests, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2900 m . Food and Feeding. The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat feeds opportunistically on soft endemic and cultivated fruits and nectar. Its feeds alone but sometimes in mixed-species groups with Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bats ( E. pusillus ) and Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat ( Nanonycteris veldkampii ). It is an important seed disperser and contributes to regeneration of abandoned farmlands. It feeds on various fruits, particularly figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ) and many introduced species, and heavily uses nectar of species of Malvaceae ( Adansonia , Bombax , and Ceiba ), Fabaceae ( Parkia ), and Bignoniaceae ( Kigelia ). Breeding. In Ivory Coast , reproductive cycle is continuous polyestry, with postpartum estrus. Calling displays of males probably attract females for mating. Gestation lasts 5-6 months. Littersize is generally one; there are two litters/year: beginning of wet season (April) and end of wet season (October). Activity patterns. During the day, Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bats roost in foliage; they remain silent and hardly move, except for grooming. At dusk, adult males start performing calling displays during which they generate bell-like “ping” sounds every 1-3 seconds, display their epaulettes, and beat their wings between calls; displays can last to up to 35 minutes. Roosts are then left (18:40-19:00 h), either by individuals or groups that return at 04:45-05:15 h. During the night, calling displays can be repeated at othersites. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bats fly low over rivers to drink directly, or they lick water from wet pelage. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat roosts alone or in groups of more than 100 individuals hanging from small branches in the shade, generally in canopies of the highest savanna trees, including Khaya senegalensis and Azadirachta indica (both Meliaceae ); Kigelia africana ( Bignoniaceae ); Mangifera sp. ( Anacardiaceae ); Cola sp. ( Malvaceae ); and Ficus sp. ( Moraceae ). It hangs at least 30 cm from each other and barely contact one another. In some regions,itis nomadic in response to seasonal changes in food availability. Based on isotope data, the Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat has been suggested to have an east-west migratory pattern, which is even more pronounced than migration displayed by the African Straw-colored Fruit Bat ( Eidolon helvum ). Six specimens that were captured in February in Mali most probably originated 3000 km to the east. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and large population.It is probably not declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. Major threats are probably hunting and habitat loss due to changing land use and climate change. Bibliography. Boulay & Robbins (1989), Happold, D.C.D. & Happold (1978), Happold, M. (2013c), Kock et al. (2002), Lanza et al. (2008), Nesi et al. (2011), Omatsu et al. (2008), Peterson & Nagorsen (1975), Tanshi & Fahr (2016).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus gambianus	Epomophorus		gambianus	Ogilby	1835	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1836:40:00	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat	 epomophorus Bennett, 1836; guineensis Bocage, 1898; macrocephalus Ogilby, 1835; megacephalus Swainson, 1835; reii Aellen, 1950; whitei Bennett, 1836; zechi Matschie, 1899; <b>pousarguesi</b> Trouessart, 1904.	Gambia, Banjul (restricted by Kock et al., 2002).	Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, S to Malawi and Botswana.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis ; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus. 	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Epomophorus gambianus	23	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomophorus	NA	gambianus	Ogilby	1835	1	Pteropus_gambianus	Ogilby, W. (1835). Descriptions of Mammalia and birds from the Gambia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 100.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/278/mode/1up	BM 1907.1.1.233		"Gambia." Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to "Banjul," Gambia.			gambianus (Ogilby, 1835)|macrocephalus (Ogilby, 1835)|megacephalus (Swainson, 1835)|epomophorus (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|whitei (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|guineensis Bocage, 1898|zechi Matschie, 1899|pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904|reii Aellen, 1950	NA	NA	Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7903	Epomophorus gambianus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Epomophorus	gambianus	(Ogilby, 1835)	The subspecies posarguesi Trouessart, 1904 was considered to be Rare by Mickleburgh in the Action Plan. It is certainly rare in collections: four specimens from two localities. Nothing further is known.	20000000	Epomophorus gambianus	Least Concern		2016	2016-01-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is confirmed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	The species occurs predominantly in Guinea savanna and similar habitats like woodland savannas and forest-savanna mosaic. It roosts mostly in colonies of up to several hundred individuals or less. Its food includes fruits and nectar of native and cultivated exotic plants. The species moves across the landscape following fruiting trees (Happold and Happold 2013).	The species may be threatened by hunting and habitat loss from land use and climate change across its range.	This is a common species in the western parts of its range. It is gregarious and form colonies of several hundreds individuals or less.	Unknown	The species appears to have a disjointed distribution that ranges from West to East and parts of Southern Africa. It is known to occur from Senegal to DRC in Central Africa and Ethiopia in the East. In the South it is also known from Angola, Bostwana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe in the southern parts of its range (Cotterill 2004). It elevational range extends from lowland areas up to elevations of 2,000 m asl.	The species is hunted for food across its range.	Terrestrial	The species occurs in national parks and other protected areas. Including Senegal: Niokolo-Koba, Basse Casamance, Delta du Saloum; Guinea: Haute Niger; Côte d’Ivoire: Comoé; Burkina Faso: Arly, Po; Ghana: Mole; Benin: Pendjari; Niger: Parc National du W; Nigeria: Kainji Lake.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus		gambianus	Ogilby	1835	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1836:40:00	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat	 epomophorus Bennett, 1836; guineensis Bocage, 1898; macrocephalus Ogilby, 1835; megacephalus Swainson, 1835; reii Aellen, 1950; whitei Bennett, 1836; zechi Matschie, 1899; <b>pousarguesi</b> Trouessart, 1904.	Gambia, Banjul (restricted by Kock et al., 2002).	Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, S to Malawi and Botswana.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis ; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus. 	Epomophorus gambianus	1004520	23	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomophorus	NA	gambianus	Ogilby	1835	1	Pteropus_gambianus	Ogilby, W. (1835). Descriptions of Mammalia and birds from the Gambia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 100.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96158#page/278/mode/1up	BM 1907.1.1.233		"Gambia." Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to "Banjul," Gambia.			gambianus (Ogilby, 1835)|macrocephalus (Ogilby, 1835)|megacephalus (Swainson, 1835)|epomophorus (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|whitei (E. T. Bennett, 1836)|guineensis Bocage, 1898|zechi Matschie, 1899|pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904|reii Aellen, 1950	NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Epomophorus_gambianus	1004520	23	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Epomophorini	Epomophorus	NA	gambianus	W. Ogilby	1	Pteropus Gambianus	Ogilby, W. 1835-10-09. Mr, Ogilby exhibited several rare and undescribed species of Mammalia and Birds, brought from the Gambia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835:97-105.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30568609	BMNH:Mamm:1907.1.1.233	holotype		"Gambia." Restricted by D. Kock and colleagues in 2002 to "Banjul," Gambia.			NA	NA				Senegal|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Guinea|Sierra Leone|Mali|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Niger|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_gambianus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus		gambianus	Ogilby	1835	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1836:40:00	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat	epomophorus Bennett, 1836; guineensis Bocage, 1898; macrocephalus Ogilby, 1835; megacephalus Swainson, 1835; reii Aellen, 1950; whitei Bennett, 1836; zechi Matschie, 1899; pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904.	Gambia, Banjul (restricted by Kock et al., 2002).	Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, S to Malawi and Botswana.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7903/22122670/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Epomophorus gambianus; Epomophorus gambianus; Epomophorus gambianus; Epomophorus gambianus; Epomophorus gambianus; Epomophorus gambianus; gambianus; pousarguesi; epomophorus; guineensis; macrocephalus; megacephalus; reii; whitei; zechi; gambianus; pousarguesi; reii; pousarguesi; epomophorus; guineensis; macrocephalus; megacephalus; reii; whitei; zechi; gambianus; macrocephalus; megacephalus; epomophorus; whitei; guineensis; zechi; pousarguesi; reii; Epomophore de Gambie; Gambia-Epaulettenflughund; Epomdforo de Gambia; Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat; Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat; Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. gambianus