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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L274	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus gambianus [synonym of]	Epomophorus gambianus [synonym of]	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus crypturus		[MSW3] gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.; [HMW] Epomophorus crypturus Peters, 1852 , Tete , Mozambique . Epomophorus crypturus is in the gambianus species group and is often considered a subspecies of E. gambianus . Epomophorus g. parvus is a synonym of E. erypturus based on morphology. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.; [IUCN] This taxon has frequently been included within Epomophorus gambianus . However, we follow Simmons (2005) and Monadjem et al. (2010) in recognising E . crypturus as a distinct species. Adult E . crypturus can be distinguished from sympatric E . wahlbergi by the presence of two post-dental palatal ridges (Photo 1) (only one in E . wahlbergi ) and its narrower muzzle (Taylor &; Monadjem 2008).; [batnames2023]  gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.; [batnames2025_1.7] gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.				parvus							E. gambianus parvus			crypturus	This taxon has frequently been included within Epomophorus gambianus . However, we follow Simmons (2005) and Monadjem et al. (2010) in recognising E . crypturus as a distinct species. Adult E . crypturus can be distinguished from sympatric E . wahlbergi by the presence of two post-dental palatal ridges (Photo 1) (only one in E . wahlbergi ) and its narrower muzzle (Taylor &; Monadjem 2008).			crypturus	crypturus, parvus			crypturus W. C. H. Peters, 1851|parvus Ansell, 1960		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Peters' epauletted fruit bat	Angola – S Tanzania – S Africa	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Epomophorus crypturus	Mozambique, Tete.	Peters	1852	Reise nach Mossambique, Saugethiere, p. 26.	Distribution: Chiefly southeastern tropical Africa from Angola, southern Zaire, and southern Tanzania to the Cape province of South Africa.													PETERS	1852	Fourth palatal ridge midway between third and fifth. Size fairly large (forearm length, 75-86 mm; total length of skull, 46-55 mm).	Distribution: Chiefly southeastern tropical Africa from Angola, southern Zaire, and southern Tanzania to the Cape province of South Africa.	No subspecies.		31	species	E. crypturus	PETERS	1852	Epomophorus	genus	Epomophorus crypturus				Fourth palatal ridge midway between third and fifth. Size fairly large (forearm length, 75-86 mm; total length of skull, 46-55 mm).	No subspecies.		6. E. crypturus PETERS 1852 ( = parvus ANSELL 1960) [gambianus group].	6	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus		crypturus	Peters		1852		Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique, Säug.			26		Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat	Mozambique, Tete.	Zambia, Tanzania, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened as Epomophorus gambianus crypturus. IUCN 2003 – Not listed.		gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.	03AD87FAFFE3F60D89753FE6F7EEF568	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	97	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE3F60D89753FE6F7EEF568.xml	Epomophorus crypturus	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus	crypturus	Peters	1851	Epomophore de Peters @fr | Peters-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epoméforo de Peters @es | Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat @en	Epomophorus crypturus Peters, 1852 , Tete , Mozambique . Epomophorus crypturus is in the gambianus species group and is often considered a subspecies of E. gambianus . Epomophorus g. parvus is a synonym of E. erypturus based on morphology. Monotypic.	S Africa, from E Angola and N Botswana E to coast of Mozambique , and along E African coast from S Tanzania to E South Africa .	Head—body 130-170 mm (males) and 110-140 mm (females), tail 0-5 mm , ear 21-27 mm (males) and 22-25 mm (females), hindfoot 16-26 mm (males) and 17-24 mm (females), forearm 80-88 mm (males) and 75-83 mm (females); weight 91-140 g (males) and 56 100 g (females). Males average larger than females and have broader muzzle, folded upperlip, and darker throat. Head is flat, muzzle is very long and relatively narrow, and cheek pouches and lips are greatly extensible. Eyes are large; irises are brown. Ears are relatively short, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches and dark brown rims. Tongue is long, with backward-pointing papillae neartip. Adult males have epaulettes, formed by 9-mm white hairs. Dorsum is generally pale fawn or light sandy brown (darker in some individuals, almost sepia-brown), paler on shoulders, with yellowish touches on head, neck, and rump; hairs are dark brown at bases; pelage is soft and mid-dorsally 10-11 mm ,extending along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Venterisslightly to substantially paler than dorsum,and throat is sometimes rusty brown (primarily in adult males). Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and sparsely covered in hairs, attaching to second toes. Skull is robust,flattened, and very slightly convex in lateral view; rostrum is long and broad in males and of medium breadth in females, sloping gradually ventrally. Braincase is slightly deflected posteriorly;sagittal crest is low but generally clearly visible; lambdoid crest is fairly well developed; zygomatic width is relatively small, with sturdy arches; and post-dental palate is clearly concave. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental; fourth is midway between third and fifth; and ridges 2-4 are not divided. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 35 (males) and 36 (females) and FNa = 68, with six pairs of metacentric, seven pairs of submetacentric, and four pairs of subtelocentric autosomes; male is missing small submetacentric chromosome,leading to a XX/XO sex chromosome system.	Zambezian Woodland and Coastal Forest Mosaic biotic zones (tropical and subtropical woodlands), frequently forest edges with evergreen trees and along riverine forests into drier areas, at elevations of 500-2185 m .	Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat feeds opportunistically on nectar of at least 20 species of trees, predominantly Malvaceae ( Adansonia ) and Bignoniaceae ( Kigelia ); soft fruits of Moraceae ( Ficus ), Anacardiaceae ( Sclerocarya birrea), Ebenaceae ( Diospyros ), Chrysobalanaceae ( Parinari ), Phyllanthaceae ( Pseudolachnostylis and Uapaca ), Rhamnaceae ( Berchemia ), Sapotaceae ( Mimusops ), and Apocynaceae ( Rauvolfia ); and many cultivated fruits (the latter eaten when overripe and no longersuitable for sale). Fruits are carried to a close feeding site. About four food trees are visited each night that are less than 500 m from their roosts, although they can travel several kilometers in search for food ( 4-14 km in very dry periods). Seeds can germinate after passing through intestinal tracts.	Pregnant Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bats were recorded in Zimbabwe in July— March, with peaks in August, and lactating females in summer (November—January). Lactating females were found in November and March-April in Malawi and eastern Zambia . Littersize is one, very exceptionally two, and there is probably one litter/year.	Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. Right after dusk, males call from their roosts (fundamental frequency 15 kHz) to attract females. Foraging starts ¢.45 minutes after sunset. It roosts in foliage, usually on small shaded branches In evergreen trees,fig trees ( Ficus spp. ), or Kigelia africana trees.	Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bats roost alone or in small groups; up to several hundred individuals can occur in one roost area. They hang spaced ¢. 30 cm and hardly contact each another, except upon returning to the roost at dawn when they start to quarrel and use their thumbs if other individuals come too close. Populations can move considerable distances in search of food and enter towns and feed on crops and fruit trees.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population thatis not declining fast enough to assign it to a higher category. Except for some possible local persecution as crop pests, it faces no major threats.	Adams & Snode (2015) | Bergmans (1988, 1997) | Bergmans & Sowler (1992a) | Bonaccorso et al. (2014) | Claessen & De Vree (1990) | Happold, M. (2013b) | Mickleburgh, Hutson & Bergmans (2008c) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Peterson & Nagorsen (1975) | Taylor (2016a)		63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus crypturus French: Epomophore de Peters / German: Peters-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epoméforo de Peters Other common names: Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Epomophorus crypturus Peters, 1852 , Tete , Mozambique . Epomophorus crypturus is in the gambianus species group and is often considered a subspecies of E. gambianus . Epomophorus g. parvus is a synonym of E. erypturus based on morphology. Monotypic. Distribution. S Africa, from E Angola and N Botswana E to coast of Mozambique , and along E African coast from S Tanzania to E South Africa . Descriptive notes. Head—body 130-170 mm (males) and 110-140 mm (females), tail 0-5 mm , ear 21-27 mm (males) and 22-25 mm (females), hindfoot 16-26 mm (males) and 17-24 mm (females), forearm 80-88 mm (males) and 75-83 mm (females); weight 91-140 g (males) and 56 100 g (females). Males average larger than females and have broader muzzle, folded upperlip, and darker throat. Head is flat, muzzle is very long and relatively narrow, and cheek pouches and lips are greatly extensible. Eyes are large; irises are brown. Ears are relatively short, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches and dark brown rims. Tongue is long, with backward-pointing papillae neartip. Adult males have epaulettes, formed by 9-mm white hairs. Dorsum is generally pale fawn or light sandy brown (darker in some individuals, almost sepia-brown), paler on shoulders, with yellowish touches on head, neck, and rump; hairs are dark brown at bases; pelage is soft and mid-dorsally 10-11 mm ,extending along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Venterisslightly to substantially paler than dorsum,and throat is sometimes rusty brown (primarily in adult males). Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and sparsely covered in hairs, attaching to second toes. Skull is robust,flattened, and very slightly convex in lateral view; rostrum is long and broad in males and of medium breadth in females, sloping gradually ventrally. Braincase is slightly deflected posteriorly;sagittal crest is low but generally clearly visible; lambdoid crest is fairly well developed; zygomatic width is relatively small, with sturdy arches; and post-dental palate is clearly concave. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental; fourth is midway between third and fifth; and ridges 2-4 are not divided. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 35 (males) and 36 (females) and FNa = 68, with six pairs of metacentric, seven pairs of submetacentric, and four pairs of subtelocentric autosomes; male is missing small submetacentric chromosome,leading to a XX/XO sex chromosome system. Habitat. Zambezian Woodland and Coastal Forest Mosaic biotic zones (tropical and subtropical woodlands), frequently forest edges with evergreen trees and along riverine forests into drier areas, at elevations of 500-2185 m . Food and Feeding. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat feeds opportunistically on nectar of at least 20 species of trees, predominantly Malvaceae ( Adansonia ) and Bignoniaceae ( Kigelia ); soft fruits of Moraceae ( Ficus ), Anacardiaceae ( Sclerocarya birrea), Ebenaceae ( Diospyros ), Chrysobalanaceae ( Parinari ), Phyllanthaceae ( Pseudolachnostylis and Uapaca ), Rhamnaceae ( Berchemia ), Sapotaceae ( Mimusops ), and Apocynaceae ( Rauvolfia ); and many cultivated fruits (the latter eaten when overripe and no longersuitable for sale). Fruits are carried to a close feeding site. About four food trees are visited each night that are less than 500 m from their roosts, although they can travel several kilometers in search for food ( 4-14 km in very dry periods). Seeds can germinate after passing through intestinal tracts. Breeding. Pregnant Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bats were recorded in Zimbabwe in July— March, with peaks in August, and lactating females in summer (November—January). Lactating females were found in November and March-April in Malawi and eastern Zambia . Littersize is one, very exceptionally two, and there is probably one litter/year. Activity patterns. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. Right after dusk, males call from their roosts (fundamental frequency 15 kHz) to attract females. Foraging starts ¢.45 minutes after sunset. It roosts in foliage, usually on small shaded branches In evergreen trees,fig trees ( Ficus spp. ), or Kigelia africana trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bats roost alone or in small groups; up to several hundred individuals can occur in one roost area. They hang spaced ¢. 30 cm and hardly contact each another, except upon returning to the roost at dawn when they start to quarrel and use their thumbs if other individuals come too close. Populations can move considerable distances in search of food and enter towns and feed on crops and fruit trees. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and presumably large population thatis not declining fast enough to assign it to a higher category. Except for some possible local persecution as crop pests, it faces no major threats. Bibliography. Adams & Snode (2015), Bergmans (1988, 1997), Bergmans & Sowler (1992a), Bonaccorso et al. (2014), Claessen & De Vree (1990), Happold, M. (2013b), Mickleburgh, Hutson & Bergmans (2008c), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Peterson & Nagorsen (1975), Taylor (2016a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus crypturus	Epomophorus		crypturus	Peters	1852	0	Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique, S&auml;ug.	p. 26	Peters&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Mozambique, Tete.	Zambia, Tanzania, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Epomophorus crypturus	23	Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomophorus	NA	crypturus	W. Peters	1852	0	Epomophorus_crypturus	Peters, W. C. H. (1852). Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique, auf Befehl seiner Majestät des Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV. in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgeführt. Berlin, 26.		ZMB 10080 [lectotype]		Tete, Mozambique.			crypturus W. Peters, 1852	NA	NA	Democratic Republic of the Congo|Angola|Zambia|Tanzania|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	44697	Epomophorus crypturus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Epomophorus	crypturus	Peters, 1852	This taxon has frequently been included within Epomophorus gambianus . However, we follow Simmons (2005) and Monadjem et al. (2010) in recognising E . crypturus as a distinct species. Adult E . crypturus can be distinguished from sympatric E . wahlbergi by the presence of two post-dental palatal ridges (Photo 1) (only one in E . wahlbergi ) and its narrower muzzle (Taylor &; Monadjem 2008).	20000000	Epomophorus crypturus	Least Concern		2016	2015-11-04 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, it occurs in a number of protected areas, has a tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is generally associated with dry savanna and riverine forest with fruit-bearing trees. Populations exhibit considerable movements in search of food, and may come into towns and feed on crops and fruit trees. Colonies often roost under the canopy of trees, in thick foliage.	There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole. Some populations may be impacted by general persecution as crop pests.	It is a quite common species, sometimes forming loose colonies of hundreds of bats.	Unknown	This widespread southern African species is distributed from southern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and southern Tanzania, to the eastern coastline of South Africa. It ranges from eastern Angola and northern Botswana to the southeastern African coastline. It has been recorded at elevations of up to 2,185 m asl, although it has mostly been collected between 500 and 1,500 m asl.		Terrestrial	It has been recorded from many protected areas. No direct conservation measures are needed for this widespread and adaptable species as a whole.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus		crypturus	Peters	1852	0	Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique, S&auml;ug.	p. 26	Peters&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Mozambique, Tete.	Zambia, Tanzania, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.	Epomophorus crypturus	1004518	23	Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	EPOMOPHORINI	Epomophorus	NA	crypturus	W. Peters	1852	0	Epomophorus_crypturus	Peters, W. C. H. (1852). Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mossambique, auf Befehl seiner Majestät des Königs Friedrich Wilhelm IV. in den Jahren 1842 bis 1848 ausgeführt. Berlin, 26.		ZMB 10080 [lectotype]		Tete, Mozambique.			crypturus W. Peters, 1852	NA	NA				Democratic Republic of the Congo|Angola|Zambia|Tanzania|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Epomophorus_crypturus	1004518	23	Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat	Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Epomophorini	Epomophorus	NA	crypturus	W. C. H. Peters	0	Epomophorus crypturus	Peters, W.C.H. 1851. Hr. Peters legte von seinem Werke über Mossambique die erste Abtheilung der Säugethiere vor, und gab die Diagnosen der darin beschriebenen und abgebildeten neuen Arten. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1851:756-759.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11056771	ZMB 10080	lectotype		Tete, Mozambique.			NA	NA				Democratic Republic of the Congo|Angola|Zambia|Tanzania|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|Zimbabwe|South Africa|Eswatini	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	sciname match	Epomophorus_crypturus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Epomophorus		crypturus	Peters	1852	0	Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique, S&auml;ug.	p. 26	Peters&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat	None.	Mozambique, Tete.	Zambia, Tanzania, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44697/22073767/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	gambianus species group. Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus crypturus; Epomophorus crypturus; E. gambianus parvus; crypturus; Epomophore de Peters; Peters-Epaulettenflughund; Epoméforo de Peters; Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat; Peters's Epauletted Fruit Bat; Smaller Epauletted Fruit Bat; Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; Peters&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. crypturus