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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L272 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis [MSW3] gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a).; [HMW] Epomophorus macrocephalus var. angolensisJ. E. Gray, 1870 , “ Angola .” Epomophorus angolensis is often considered the only member of the angolensis species group, but it is best placed in the gambianusspecies group as it is here. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000).; [batnames2023] gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000).; [batnames2025_1.7] gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000). angolensis angolensis angolensis angolensis J. E. Gray, 1871 Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp. Angolan epauletted fruit bat S Angola, NW Namibia Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp. Epomophorus angolensis Angola, Benguella. Gray 1870 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats Br. Mus., p. 125. Distribution: Known only from western Angola and northwestern Namibia. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5 Angolan epauletted fruit bat S, SW Angola, NW Namibia Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. Gray 1870 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus., p. 125. W Angola, NW Namibia. Angola, Benguella. GRAY 1870 Fourth palatal ridge much nearer third than fifth. Sixth palatal ridge anterior to middle of post-den tal palate. Size relatively large (forearm length, 82-91 mm; total length of skull, 58-62 mm). Distribution: Known only from western Angola and northwestern Namibia. No subspecies. 31 species E. angolensis GRAY 1870 Epomophorus genus Epomophorus angolensis Fourth palatal ridge much nearer third than fifth. Sixth palatal ridge anterior to middle of post-den tal palate. Size relatively large (forearm length, 82-91 mm; total length of skull, 58-62 mm). No subspecies. 4. E.angolensis GRAY 1870 [gambianus group]. 4 NA Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Pteropodidae Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Gray 1870 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. 125 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Angola, Benguela. W Angola, NW Namibia. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt). gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a). 03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b 97 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFE3F6028C773F25FEA7F93A.xml Epomophorus angolensis Pteropodidae Epomophorus angolensis Bocage 1871 Epomophore d Angola @fr | Angola-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epomdforo de Angola @es Epomophorus macrocephalus var. angolensisJ. E. Gray, 1870 , “ Angola .” Epomophorus angolensis is often considered the only member of the angolensis species group, but it is best placed in the gambianusspecies group as it is here. Monotypic. W Angola and extreme NW Namibia . Head-body 158 mm (single male) and 130-155 mm (females), no external tail, ear 28 mm (single male) and 23-26 mm (females), hindfoot 25-26 mm , forearm 85-94 mm (males) and 81— 86 mm (females); weight 80-92 g . Male Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats are generally larger than females, with wider rostrum and folded upper lip; some color differences exist between sexes. Muzzle is long and narrow; ears are short and rounded, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches; and eyes are large. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale, light sandy brown to medium reddish brown, sometimes paler on shoulders and darker at bases; pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c. 10 mm , extending halfway along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Chin , throat, and chest are darker reddish brown; venteris lighter. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and sparsely covered with hairs, attaching to second toes. Skull is flattened, and dorsal profile is very slightly concave; zygomatic width is moderately small but with sturdy arches; rostrum is relatively long and narrow, gradually sloping down anteriorly; sagittal crest is weak; lambdoid crest is relatively well developed; and post-dental palate is noticeably concave. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental, fourth is closer to third than fifth, and ridges 2—4 not divided. Drier regions but mainly riverine habitats in the Zambezian Woodland biotic zone, including wetter miombo woodland, undifferentiated woodland, Colophospermum ( Fabaceae ) mopane woodland, and transition to Bushy Karoo-Namib scrubland from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1700 m . In Angola , eastern distribution of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is limited by extensive mosaic of Brachystegia bakerana ( Fabaceae ) thicket and edaphic grassland. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is presumably frugivorous and nectarivorous. Adult female Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats had swollen nipples in September—October in northern Namibia , indicating lactation; some had neonates clinging to them. The Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in bare branches oflarge Acacia (Fabaceae) trees, where it was exposed to direct sun. No information. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Population of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is expected to decline by 20-25% over three generations. Major threats are removal of fruit and roost trees in riverine roosting areas for fuel and perhaps availability of firearms from civil war in Angola . It occurs in Mupa and Bikauri national parks in Angola . Bergmans (1988) | Mildenstein (2016a) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Shortridge (1934) | Taylor (2013a) 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus angolensis French: Epomophore dAngola / German: Angola-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epomdforo de Angola Taxonomy. Epomophorus macrocephalus var. angolensisJ. E. Gray, 1870 , “ Angola .” Epomophorus angolensis is often considered the only member of the angolensis species group, but it is best placed in the gambianusspecies group as it is here. Monotypic. Distribution. W Angola and extreme NW Namibia . Descriptive notes. Head-body 158 mm (single male) and 130-155 mm (females), no external tail, ear 28 mm (single male) and 23-26 mm (females), hindfoot 25-26 mm , forearm 85-94 mm (males) and 81— 86 mm (females); weight 80-92 g . Male Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats are generally larger than females, with wider rostrum and folded upper lip; some color differences exist between sexes. Muzzle is long and narrow; ears are short and rounded, with anterior and posterior basal ear patches; and eyes are large. Adult males have white epaulettes. Dorsum is pale, light sandy brown to medium reddish brown, sometimes paler on shoulders and darker at bases; pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c. 10 mm , extending halfway along forearm dorsally and ventrally. Chin , throat, and chest are darker reddish brown; venteris lighter. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are light brown and sparsely covered with hairs, attaching to second toes. Skull is flattened, and dorsal profile is very slightly concave; zygomatic width is moderately small but with sturdy arches; rostrum is relatively long and narrow, gradually sloping down anteriorly; sagittal crest is weak; lambdoid crest is relatively well developed; and post-dental palate is noticeably concave. There are six thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental, fourth is closer to third than fifth, and ridges 2—4 not divided. Habitat. Drier regions but mainly riverine habitats in the Zambezian Woodland biotic zone, including wetter miombo woodland, undifferentiated woodland, Colophospermum ( Fabaceae ) mopane woodland, and transition to Bushy Karoo-Namib scrubland from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1700 m . In Angola , eastern distribution of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is limited by extensive mosaic of Brachystegia bakerana ( Fabaceae ) thicket and edaphic grassland. Food and Feeding. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is presumably frugivorous and nectarivorous. Breeding. Adult female Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bats had swollen nipples in September—October in northern Namibia , indicating lactation; some had neonates clinging to them. Activity patterns. The Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is nocturnal. It roosts in bare branches oflarge Acacia (Fabaceae) trees, where it was exposed to direct sun. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Population of the Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat is expected to decline by 20-25% over three generations. Major threats are removal of fruit and roost trees in riverine roosting areas for fuel and perhaps availability of firearms from civil war in Angola . It occurs in Mupa and Bikauri national parks in Angola . Bibliography. Bergmans (1988), Mildenstein (2016a), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Shortridge (1934), Taylor (2013a). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Pteropodidae Epomophorus angolensis Epomophorus angolensis Gray 1870 0 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p. 125 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Benguela. W Angola, NW Namibia. Not listed. Near Threatened gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000). Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Epomophorus angolensis 23 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA PTEROPODIDAE ROUSETTINAE EPOMOPHORINI Epomophorus NA angolensis J. E. Gray 1870 0 Epomophorus_macrocephalus_var._angolensis Gray, J. E. (1870). Catalogue of monkeys, lemurs, and fruit-eating bats in the collection of the British museum. London, 125. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38172#page/141/mode/1up BM 1864.1.9.4 "Angola." angolensis J. E. Gray, 1870 NA NA Angola|Namibia Africa Afrotropic NT 0 0 0 Epomophorus_angolensis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_angolensis 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 7901 Epomophorus angolensis ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIDAE Epomophorus angolensis Gray, 1870 20000000 Epomophorus angolensis Near Threatened 2016 2015-04-20 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English Listed as Near Threatened. Almost qualifies as threatened under criterion A2c because it is suspected to be experiencing a significant decline at a rate of 20-25% over three generations (12 years; Pacifici et al. 2013) because of the loss of riverine roosting and fruit trees. This is a precautionary listing, as it is possible that the species has a less restricted habitat, and as such could be listed as Least Concern. Studies are needed on the species’ distribution and extent of occurrence throughout its range; monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. Bergmans (1998, 1999) reports that the species is present in wetter Zambezian miombo woodland, north Zambezian woodland; Colophospermum mopane woodland and scrub woodland. Skinner and Chimimba (2005) suggest that the species may be largely confined to riverine forest and other evergreen forest with fruit-bearing trees. Shortridge (1934) reports on animals hanging singly from bare branches of large Acacia trees near the Cunene River, however, loose colonies of up to 200 have also been found. This species is threatened by the removal of roost trees, often for use as fuel. Griffin (1998) indicates that the removal of riverine trees is a particular threat to species of Epomophorus in Namibia, with relatively little suitable habitat remaining; presumably this is similar problem in Angola. It may have been threatened by the availability of firearms during the long civil war in Angola, although this requires confirmation. The abundance of this species is poorly known, with very little recent information. Decreasing This African bat is present in Angola and adjacent parts of northern Namibia. It is largely a lowland species, but may range into more montane areas. In Angola it is present west and south of the Mosaic of Guineo-Congolian lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (Bergmans 1988). In eastern Angola the range seems to be halted by the extensive mosaic region of Brachystegia bakerana thicket and edaphic grassland (Bergmans 1988). The species may be hunted for the bushmeat trade. Terrestrial Current conservation efforts Although there appear to be no direct conservation measures in place for this species it has been recorded from Mupa National Park and Bikuar National Park in Angola. Conservation needs/priorities Studies are needed on the species’ population sizes, distribution, and extent of occurrence throughout its range. ; Monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. The threats to these bats are poorly understood. Studies are needed on the species’ habitat requirements and on the effects of forest loss and degradation on the species’ population sizes/distribution. Research is also needed on the amount of hunting and the level of bushmeat trade, and the effects of that hunting on population sizes and persistence. Effective roost site protection efforts are needed to minimize disturbance ; and protect colonies. Similar to most threatened flying foxes, local capacity building for conservation managers ; and education and awareness within local communities are greatly needed to support conservation efforts. Afrotropical FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Pteropodidae Epomophorus angolensis Gray 1870 0 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p. 125 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Benguela. W Angola, NW Namibia. Not listed. Near Threatened gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000). Epomophorus angolensis 1004516 23 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA Pteropodidae ROUSETTINAE EPOMOPHORINI Epomophorus NA angolensis J. E. Gray 1870 0 Epomophorus_macrocephalus_var._angolensis Gray, J. E. (1870). Catalogue of monkeys, lemurs, and fruit-eating bats in the collection of the British museum. London, 125. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38172#page/141/mode/1up BM 1864.1.9.4 "Angola." angolensis J. E. Gray, 1870 NA NA Angola|Namibia Africa Afrotropic NT 0 0 0 Epomophorus_angolensis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_angolensis 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Epomophorus_angolensis 1004516 23 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yinpterochiroptera NA NA Pteropodoidea Pteropodidae Epomophorinae Epomophorini Epomophorus NA angolensis J. E. Gray 0 Epomophorus macrocephalus var. angolensis Gray, J.E. 1871-01-14. Catalogue of monkeys, lemurs, and fruit-eating bats in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 137 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9994642 BMNH:Mamm:1864.8.16.1 holotype https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ade636e7-f12b-4a1f-944d-344a221c7ec6 | https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ade636e7-f12b-4a1f-944d-344a221c7ec6/1677110400000 "Angola." NA NA Angola|Namibia Africa Afrotropic NT 0 0 0 Epomophorus_angolensis 0 sciname match Epomophorus_angolensis 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Pteropodidae Epomophorus angolensis Gray 1870 0 Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p. 125 Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat None. Angola, Benguela. W Angola, NW Namibia. Not Listed Near Threatened gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000). Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Epomophorus angolensis; Epomophorus angolensis; Epomophorus angolensis; Epomophorus angolensis; Epomophorus angolensis; Epomophorus angolensis; angolensis; Epomophore d Angola; Angola-Epaulettenflughund; Epomdforo de Angola; Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat; Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat; Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. angolensis