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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L267	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Enchisthenes harti	Artibeus hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Artibeus hartii	Artibeus harti	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes hartii		[MSW2] Subgenus Enchisthenes. Formerly included in genus Enchisthenes; see Jones and Carter (1979:8).; [HMW] Artibeus hartii Thomas, 1892 , “ Trinidad ,” Trinidad and Tobago . Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain , Trinidad . Similar to other small fruit-eating bats, E. hart was associated with Artibeus and Dermanura . Monotypic.; [IUCN] Formerly included in Artibeus 														hartii	Formerly included in Artibeus 			hartii	hartii, harti			hartii (O. Thomas, 1892)|harti Andersen, 1906 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Little fruit-eating bat	NE Mexico – E Peru, ? S Arizona	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Artibeus hartii	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.	Thomas	1892	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:409.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Little fruit-eating bat	NE Mexico – Bolivia; S Arizona, Trinidad	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1892	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:409.	Subgenus Enchisthenes. Formerly included in genus Enchisthenes; see Jones and Carter (1979:8).	Bolivia and Venezuela to Jalisco and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Arizona (USA); Trinidad.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.		THOMAS	1892	Size fairly small (forearm length, 36-41 mm; condylobasal length, 18-20 mm).	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.	No subspecies.		90	species	A. harti	THOMAS	1892	Enchisthenes	subgenus	Artibeus harti				Size fairly small (forearm length, 36-41 mm; condylobasal length, 18-20 mm).	No subspecies.		1. A. harti THOMAS 1892.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes		hartii	Thomas	y	1892		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6	10		409		Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.	Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker, 1967).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc) as Artibeus hartii.			03A687BCFFE4FFE413BDFE13FB2EF883	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	569	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFE4FFE413BDFE13FB2EF883.xml	Enchisthenes hartii	Phyllostomidae	Enchisthenes	hartii		1892	Sténoderme de Hart @fr | Hart-Speernase @de | Platirrino de Hart @es | Hart's Little Fruit Bat @en	Artibeus hartii Thomas, 1892 , “ Trinidad ,” Trinidad and Tobago . Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain , Trinidad . Similar to other small fruit-eating bats, E. hart was associated with Artibeus and Dermanura . Monotypic.	WC & NE Mexico from C Jalisco on Pacific slope and S Tamaulipas on Gulf slope S through Central America (absent from Yucatan Peninsula, N Guatemala , and Belize ), to Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago Is, Ecuador , Peru , and Bolivia ; there is an extralimital record from S Arizona , USA , but this specimen might have been unintentionally imported.	Head—body 55-68 mm (tailless), ear 14-18 mm, hindfoot 11-14 mm, forearm 38-42 mm; weight 14-18 g. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat is small, similar to species in the subgenus Dermanura . Dorsal pelage, chin, and throat are chocolate-brown to almost blackish (especially head); dorsal fur is short (4-5 mm), dense, and velvety, with two color bands. Venteris gray-brown, and tips of hairs are not frosted. Two pairs of narrow but distinct buffy stripes run over and below eyes. Noseleaf and pinnae are blackish, horseshoe of noseleafis fused below nostrils, and spear is short and broad. Distal margins of pinnae are lighter (pale brownish). Proximal one-half of forearm, dorsal side of legs and feet, and uropatagium are densely haired. Plagiopatagium attaches to ankles. Uropatagium is very narrow, 3-4 mm width, with deep V-shaped groove and noticeable fringe on its margin. Dental formula is I 2 /2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 32. Cutting edge of I' is simple and pointed (no indication of a notch). M?® and M, are well developed and aligned with tooth rows. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, Y-chromosomeis submetacentric, and Y,chromosomeis acrocentric.	Tropical and subtropical evergreen highland forests, forest fragments, and also deciduous and open dry forests (rare) and croplands from lowlands up to elevations of 3540 m (usually above 1000 m ). The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat prefers moist habitats and stratified tropical evergreen forests.	Velvety Fruit-eating Bats in south-western Colombia fed almost exclusively on small figs ( Ficus spp., Moraceae ) in April-August, probably associated with local peak fruit production. Diet is predominantly fruits, mostly those c. 1 cm in diameter. At least nine species of five genera and five families are known in its diet.	Reproductive activity of Velvety Fruit-eating Bats occurred in January-September, with a probable period of inactivity late in the year. This reproductive quiescence was corroborated for individuals in south-western Colombia (no pregnant females in December). A female from Ecuador was pregnant in December, and others were pregnant or lactating when caught in January. Pregnant or lactating females have been found in January-February in Central America; March-May and July-August in Venezuela ; and April-May, July, and September in Colombia . Lactating females were found in May—August in southern Mexico and Costa Rica .	The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat probably flies high in upper levels of forests, but most mist-nets captures are over streams through the forest or over water in clearings. It can be common near areas with a large surplus of resources (e.g. fruit groves).	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas. It is considered uncommon to rare but can be locally common.	Albuja (1999) | Arroyo-Cabrales & Owen (1996, 1997) | Irwin & Baker (1967) | Koopman (1978) | Marques-Aguiar (2008b) | Owen (1987) | Reid (2009) | Thomas, M.E. (1972) | Thomas, O. (1892, 1893a)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458969/files/figure.png	185. Velvety Fruit-eating Bat Enchisthenes hartii French: Sténoderme de Hart / German: Hart-Speernase / Spanish: Platirrino de Hart Other common names: Hart's Little Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Artibeus hartii Thomas, 1892 , “ Trinidad ,” Trinidad and Tobago . Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain , Trinidad . Similar to other small fruit-eating bats, E. hart was associated with Artibeus and Dermanura . Monotypic. Distribution. WC & NE Mexico from C Jalisco on Pacific slope and S Tamaulipas on Gulf slope S through Central America (absent from Yucatan Peninsula, N Guatemala , and Belize ), to Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago Is, Ecuador , Peru , and Bolivia ; there is an extralimital record from S Arizona , USA , but this specimen might have been unintentionally imported. Descriptive notes. Head—body 55-68 mm (tailless), ear 14-18 mm, hindfoot 11-14 mm, forearm 38-42 mm; weight 14-18 g. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat is small, similar to species in the subgenus Dermanura . Dorsal pelage, chin, and throat are chocolate-brown to almost blackish (especially head); dorsal fur is short (4-5 mm), dense, and velvety, with two color bands. Venteris gray-brown, and tips of hairs are not frosted. Two pairs of narrow but distinct buffy stripes run over and below eyes. Noseleaf and pinnae are blackish, horseshoe of noseleafis fused below nostrils, and spear is short and broad. Distal margins of pinnae are lighter (pale brownish). Proximal one-half of forearm, dorsal side of legs and feet, and uropatagium are densely haired. Plagiopatagium attaches to ankles. Uropatagium is very narrow, 3-4 mm width, with deep V-shaped groove and noticeable fringe on its margin. Dental formula is I 2 /2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 32. Cutting edge of I' is simple and pointed (no indication of a notch). M?® and M, are well developed and aligned with tooth rows. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30-31 and FN = 56. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, Y-chromosomeis submetacentric, and Y,chromosomeis acrocentric. Habitat. Tropical and subtropical evergreen highland forests, forest fragments, and also deciduous and open dry forests (rare) and croplands from lowlands up to elevations of 3540 m (usually above 1000 m ). The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat prefers moist habitats and stratified tropical evergreen forests. Food and Feeding. Velvety Fruit-eating Bats in south-western Colombia fed almost exclusively on small figs ( Ficus spp., Moraceae ) in April-August, probably associated with local peak fruit production. Diet is predominantly fruits, mostly those c. 1 cm in diameter. At least nine species of five genera and five families are known in its diet. Breeding. Reproductive activity of Velvety Fruit-eating Bats occurred in January-September, with a probable period of inactivity late in the year. This reproductive quiescence was corroborated for individuals in south-western Colombia (no pregnant females in December). A female from Ecuador was pregnant in December, and others were pregnant or lactating when caught in January. Pregnant or lactating females have been found in January-February in Central America; March-May and July-August in Venezuela ; and April-May, July, and September in Colombia . Lactating females were found in May—August in southern Mexico and Costa Rica . Activity patterns. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat probably flies high in upper levels of forests, but most mist-nets captures are over streams through the forest or over water in clearings. It can be common near areas with a large surplus of resources (e.g. fruit groves). Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Velvety Fruit-eating Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas. It is considered uncommon to rare but can be locally common. Bibliography. Albuja (1999), Arroyo-Cabrales & Owen (1996, 1997), Irwin & Baker (1967), Koopman (1978), Marques-Aguiar (2008b), Owen (1987), Reid (2009), Thomas, M.E. (1972), Thomas, O. (1892, 1893a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Enchisthenes hartii	Enchisthenes		hartii	Thomas	1892	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 10: 409	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.	Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker, 1967).	Not listed.	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Enchisthenes hartii	23	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	Hart's Little Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Enchisthenes	NA	hartii	O. Thomas	1892	1	Artibeus_Hartii	Thomas, O. (1892). Description of a new bat of the genus Artibeus from Trinidad. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.6, 10, 409.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/423/mode/1up	BM 1892.9.7.8		"Trinidad," Trinidad and Tobago. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.			hartii (O. Thomas, 1892)	NA	NA	United States?|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	sciname match	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	2130	Enchisthenes hartii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Enchisthenes	hartii	(Thomas, 1892)	Formerly included in Artibeus 	20000000	Enchisthenes hartii	Least Concern		2018	2018-02-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category. However, locally this species may be threatened - in Colombia and Bolivia it seems to be restricted to primary montane forests which are disappearing rapidly.	This bat is poorly known. In South America this is mostly associated with moist habitats and stratified tropical evergreen forests; some specimens were also caught in dry deciduous forests (Arroyo-Cabrales and Owen 1997). This species probably flies high, as evidenced by captures often over small streams (and bridges) or over clearings near to water sources. Available data on diet indicates it feeds mostly on small figs (Ficus ) and small fruits.	No major threats throughout its range. Present in highly fragile ecosystems in Bolivia, where deforestation might be a factor to consider at montane areas.	Despite its large distribution, its population status is unknown. It is considered uncommon to rare through most of its range, although it is apparently abundant at some localities in South America (Arroyo-Cabrales and Owen 1997). For example, it is rare in middle and high areas of Costa Rica ;(B. Rodriguez pers. comm.), but locally common in Nicaragua (A. Medina, pers. comm.) and some montane areas in Peru (S. Solari, pers. comm.). It is unclear whether the distribution is continuous throughout its range, or whether the reported distributions are in fact disjunct (Arroyo-Cabrales and Owen 1997).	Unknown	This species is found throughout Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); it is also found in Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker 1967) (Simmons 2005). It occurs mostly from 500-2,250 m, although registers occurs at sea-level and up to 2,400 m in Venezuela (D. Lew, pers. comm.) and 3,540 m in southern Peru (Koopman 1978).		Terrestrial	Most of the recommended actions are directed to avoid major habitat loss. In Mexico it is listed as subject to special protection under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.). The species is present in several protected areas through its distribution.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Enchisthenes		hartii	Thomas	1892	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 10: 409	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.	Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker, 1967).	Not listed.	Least Concern		Enchisthenes hartii	1005030	23	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	Hart's Little Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Enchisthenes	NA	hartii	O. Thomas	1892	1	Artibeus_Hartii	Thomas, O. (1892). Description of a new bat of the genus Artibeus from Trinidad. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.6, 10, 409.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88260#page/423/mode/1up	BM 1892.9.7.8		"Trinidad," Trinidad and Tobago. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.			hartii (O. Thomas, 1892)	NA	NA			USA(AZ?)	United States?|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	sciname match	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Enchisthenes_hartii	1005030	23	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	Hart's Little Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Enchisthenes	NA	hartii	O. Thomas	1	Artibeus Hartii	Thomas, O. 1892-11-01. Description of a new bat of the genus _Artibeus_ from Trinidad. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)10(59):408-410.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27659014	BMNH:Mamm:1892.9.7.8	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/a31343d0-d79c-45f1-9616-1feb17a9f025	"Trinidad," Trinidad and Tobago. Restricted by O. Thomas in 1893 to Botanic Gardens, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.			NA	NA			USA(AZ?)	United States?|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	sciname match	Enchisthenes_hartii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Enchisthenes		hartii	Thomas	1892	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 10: 409	Velvety Fruit-eating Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Port of Spain.	Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker, 1967).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2130/21996891/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Enchisthenina	Enchisthenes hartii; Enchisthenes hartii; Enchisthenes hartii; Enchisthenes hartii; Enchisthenes hartii; Enchisthenes hartii; hartii; Sténoderme de Hart; Hart-Speernase; Platirrino de Hart; Hart's Little Fruit Bat; Velvety Fruit-eating Bat; Hart's Little Fruit Bat; Velvety Fruit-eating Bat; Velvety Fruit-eating Bat; E. hartii