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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L262	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura monticola		[MSW3] alecto species group.; [HMW] Emballonura monticola Temminck , 1838 , Mount Munara , Java , Indonesia . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  alecto species group.; [IUCN] This species may be confused with Emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with E. monticola on the island of Borneo (Corbet and Hill 1992).; [batnames2023]  alecto species group.; [batnames2025_1.7] alecto species group.						anambensis, peninsular is, pusilla.			peninsularis, pusilla			monticola	monticola - peninsularis, pusilla	monticola, peninsularis, pusilla	This species may be confused with Emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with E. monticola on the island of Borneo (Corbet and Hill 1992).	monticola	monticola - peninsularis, pusilla	monticola, peninsularis, pusilla	monticola, peninsularis, pusilla	monticola	monticola - peninsularis, pusilla	monticola (J. E. Gray, 1838)|peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898|pusilla Lyon, 1911		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lesser sheath-tailed bat	S Burma – Celebes	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Emballonura monticola	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.	Temminck	1838	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 5:25.	Distribution: From southern Burma through the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo to southern Celebes.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser sheath-tailed bat	S Burma – Sulawesi	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1838	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 5:25.		Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Engano, Babi Isis, Anambas Isis, Batu Isis, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isis, Java, Sulawesi, and Karimata Isl (Indonesia).	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.		TEMMINCK	1838	Inner margin of tragus convex. Calcar shorter than tibia. Size medium (forearm length, 42-46 mm). Postorbital crests not confluent with sagittal cest. Basisphenoid pits relatively deep and separated by a median septum, extending, to some extent, into alisphenoids, but not recessed into basioccipital.	Distribution: From southern Burma through the Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo to southern Celebes.	No sub species.		44	species	E. monticola	TEMMINCK	1838	Emballonura	subgenus	Emballonura monticola				Inner margin of tragus convex. Calcar shorter than tibia. Size medium (forearm length, 42-46 mm). Postorbital crests not confluent with sagittal cest. Basisphenoid pits relatively deep and separated by a median septum, extending, to some extent, into alisphenoids, but not recessed into basioccipital.	No sub species.		3. E. monticola TEMMINCK 1838 [alecto group].	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Emballonura monticola	Emballonura		monticola	Temminck		1838		Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	5		25		Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.	Burma and Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Enggano, Babi Isls, Batu Isls, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isls, Java, Sulawesi.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	peninsularis Miller, 1898; pusilla Lyon, 1911.	alecto species group.	03D587F2FFC54C0EFF113673FBA5F223	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	359	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC54C0EFF113673FBA5F223.xml	Emballonura monticola	Emballonuridae	Emballonura	monticola	Temminck	1838	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Petite Emballonure @fr | Kleine Freischwanzfledermaus @de | Embalonuro pequeno @es	Emballonura monticola Temminck , 1838 , Mount Munara , Java , Indonesia . This species is monotypic.	Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo,Java, and Sulawesi and several offshore islands (Mergui Archipelago, Adang/Rawi Is, Langkawi I, Redang I, Tioman and Aur Is, Karimata I); also on Simeulue and Babi Is, Nias I, Batu Is ( TanahbalaI ), Mentawai Is (Siberut and Sipora Is), Enggano, Anambas Is, Natuna I, Riau Archipelago, Bangka, and Belitung Is; it might also occur on Buton I.	Head-body 40-47 mm, tail 11-14 mm, ear 12-13 mm, forearm 38- 45 mm; weight 4-5-7 g . No data available for hindfoot length. Dorsal fur of the Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat is uniformly dark brown, sometimes with reddish tinge. Rostrum and palate anterior to molars are relatively short. Karyotype for all species of Emballonura is 2n = 24.	Tropical rainforests including secondary forests and up into hill forests from sea level to elevations of c.1800 m.	The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat preys on insects. Anecdotal reports suggest that it feeds on fruit, but they are unsubstantiated. It forages among tree gaps and over streams and rivers.	Lesser Sheath-tailed bats produce two litters/year in February—March and October-November. A single young is bom in each season. At birth, the mother will hold her young in her wings to prevent it from falling to the roost floor. Females carry young on a breast as they forage until young are too heavy to carry. Reproductive maturity of males and females occurs at about one year old.	The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular. Foraging activity can begin in late afternoon in dense shade under forest canopies. It roosts in caves and rock crevasses, hanging rocks, earthen embankments, tree holes, fallen trees, and tree buttresses. It roosts on vertical walls clinging with feet and wrists. It remains exposed to dim light in twilight zones ofcaves and lit areas of other types of roost shelters. Echolocation call to search for prey is distinctive, beginning with upward sweep in frequency, then becomes steady at 48—51 kHz, and ends with downward sweep of this frequency range—all occurring for 6-8 milliseconds. In Singapore, echolocation call reportedly has a minimum frequency of 46 kHz and a maximum of 49-3 kHz.	Roost colonies of Lesser Sheathtailed Bats usually have 2—20 individuals, but up to 150 individuals can shelter in large caves. Males defend harems in a system of polyestry. Lesser Sheath-tailed Bats often co-occur in caves with Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats { Emballonura alecto ). This species emits an audible alarm when there is disturbance at the roost.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bath has a large distribution and occurs in protected areas throughout its distribution. Nevertheless, overall population is believed to be slowly declining due to limestone extraction from caves and deforestation for smallholdings of agriculture, palm oil plantations, logging, and use of fire to clear land.	Bates, rancis & Kingston (2008) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Lekagul & McNeely (1977) | Nowak (1994) | Payne et al. (1985) | Pottie et al. (2005) | Temminck (1838)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749230/files/figure.png	19 . Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat Emballonura monticola French: Petite Emballonure / German: Kleine Freischwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Embalonuro pequeno Taxonomy . Emballonura monticola Temminck , 1838 , Mount Munara , Java , Indonesia . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo,Java, and Sulawesi and several offshore islands (Mergui Archipelago, Adang/Rawi Is, Langkawi I, Redang I, Tioman and Aur Is, Karimata I); also on Simeulue and Babi Is, Nias I, Batu Is ( TanahbalaI ), Mentawai Is (Siberut and Sipora Is), Enggano, Anambas Is, Natuna I, Riau Archipelago, Bangka, and Belitung Is; it might also occur on Buton I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 40-47 mm, tail 11-14 mm, ear 12-13 mm, forearm 38- 45 mm; weight 4-5-7 g . No data available for hindfoot length. Dorsal fur of the Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat is uniformly dark brown, sometimes with reddish tinge. Rostrum and palate anterior to molars are relatively short. Karyotype for all species of Emballonura is 2n = 24. Habitat . Tropical rainforests including secondary forests and up into hill forests from sea level to elevations of c.1800 m. Food and Feeding . The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat preys on insects. Anecdotal reports suggest that it feeds on fruit, but they are unsubstantiated. It forages among tree gaps and over streams and rivers. Breeding . Lesser Sheath-tailed bats produce two litters/year in February—March and October-November. A single young is bom in each season. At birth, the mother will hold her young in her wings to prevent it from falling to the roost floor. Females carry young on a breast as they forage until young are too heavy to carry. Reproductive maturity of males and females occurs at about one year old. Activity patterns. The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular. Foraging activity can begin in late afternoon in dense shade under forest canopies. It roosts in caves and rock crevasses, hanging rocks, earthen embankments, tree holes, fallen trees, and tree buttresses. It roosts on vertical walls clinging with feet and wrists. It remains exposed to dim light in twilight zones ofcaves and lit areas of other types of roost shelters. Echolocation call to search for prey is distinctive, beginning with upward sweep in frequency, then becomes steady at 48—51 kHz, and ends with downward sweep of this frequency range—all occurring for 6-8 milliseconds. In Singapore, echolocation call reportedly has a minimum frequency of 46 kHz and a maximum of 49-3 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roost colonies of Lesser Sheathtailed Bats usually have 2—20 individuals, but up to 150 individuals can shelter in large caves. Males defend harems in a system of polyestry. Lesser Sheath-tailed Bats often co-occur in caves with Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats { Emballonura alecto ). This species emits an audible alarm when there is disturbance at the roost. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser Sheath-tailed Bath has a large distribution and occurs in protected areas throughout its distribution. Nevertheless, overall population is believed to be slowly declining due to limestone extraction from caves and deforestation for smallholdings of agriculture, palm oil plantations, logging, and use of fire to clear land. Bibliography. Bates, rancis & Kingston (2008), Corbet & Hill (1992), Lekagul & McNeely (1977), Nowak (1994), Payne eta/. (1985), Pottie eta/. (2005), Temminck (1838).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Emballonura monticola	Emballonura		monticola	Temminck	1838	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	5:25	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	 peninsularis Miller, 1898; pusilla Lyon, 1911.	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.	Burma and Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Enggano, Babi Isls, Batu Isls, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isls, Java, Sulawesi.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 alecto species group.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Emballonura monticola	23	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	monticola	Temminck	1838	0						Mount Munara, Java, Indonesia.			monticola Temminck, 1838|peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898|pusilla Lyon, 1911	NA	NA	Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei?	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_monticola	0	sciname match	Emballonura_monticola	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7674	Emballonura monticola	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Emballonura	monticola	Temminck, 1838	This species may be confused with Emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with E. monticola on the island of Borneo (Corbet and Hill 1992).	20000000	Emballonura monticola	Least Concern		2021	2020-11-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, its occurrence in a number of protected areas, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category. However it is potentially sensitive to forest loss and may become threatened in the future by continued deforestation.	This species is found in limestone caves and small crevices throughout secondary forest in southern Myanmar where colony size reaches 50 individuals. In southern Thailand a maximum of 100 individuals are found in manmade caves while smaller colonies are found under hanging rock in tropical lowland forest (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). In Peninsular Malaysia E. monticola occurs in lowland rainforest, roosts under fallen trees, buttresses and tables (C. Francis pers. comm.).	There are no major threats to this species throughout its range. Extraction of limestone may lead to the destruction of caves where this species is found. Deforestation for agriculture, plantations, logging and as a result of fire is a major threat in some parts of its range.	There is very little population information for this species. It is relatively common on the islands of southern Myanmar (P. Banks pers. comm.) and the global population is presumed stable.	Stable	This species occurs in Myanmar and Thailand to western Malaysia, Borneo (all of the island) and Indonesia (Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Bangka, Belitung, Enggano, Babi Islands, Batu Islands, Nias Island, Mentawai Islands, Java, Sulawesi) (Simmons 2005). The distribution in Sulawesi is uncertain. There is a new record from southern Thailand, near Phanom, suggesting that the Myanmar population is linked to that of southern Thailand and Malaysia (S. Bumrungsri and P. Bates pers. comm.). This species may also have been recorded from Buton (T. Kingston pers. comm.). It is found at an altitude of about 50 m in southern Myanmar and 330 m asl in Sumatra (A. Suyanto pers. comm.).		Terrestrial	This species occurs in protected areas throughout its range.	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		monticola	Temminck	1838	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	5:25	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	 peninsularis Miller, 1898; pusilla Lyon, 1911.	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.	Burma and Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Enggano, Babi Isls, Batu Isls, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isls, Java, Sulawesi.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 alecto species group.	Emballonura monticola	1004806	23	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	monticola	Temminck	1838	0						Mount Munara, Java, Indonesia.			monticola Temminck, 1838|peninsularis G. S. Miller, 1898|pusilla Lyon, 1911	NA	NA				Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei?	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_monticola	0	sciname match	Emballonura_monticola	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Emballonura_monticola	1004806	23	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Emballonurini	Emballonura	NA	monticola	J. E. Gray	1	Proboscidea monticola	Gray, J.E. 1838-02-01. A revision of the genera of bats (Vespertilionidae), and the description of some new genera and species. Magazine of Zoology and Botany 2(12):483-505.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40026403	RMNH.MAM.35332	syntypes	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35332.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35332.b	Mount Munara, Java, Indonesia.			NA	NA				Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei?	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_monticola	0	sciname match	Emballonura_monticola	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		monticola	Temminck	1838	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	5:25	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat	peninsularis Miller, 1898; pusilla Lyon, 1911.	Indonesia, Java, Mt. Munara.	Burma and Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Enggano, Babi Isls, Batu Isls, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isls, Java, Sulawesi.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7674/22134864/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	alecto species group.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Emballonura monticola; Emballonura monticola; Emballonura monticola; Emballonura monticola; Emballonura monticola; Emballonura monticola; peninsularis; pusilla; peninsularis; pusilla; monticola; peninsularis; pusilla; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; Petite Emballonure; Kleine Freischwanzfledermaus; Embalonuro pequeno; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat; E. monticola