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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L261	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax	Emballonura furax		[MSW3] raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Emballonura furax Thomas, 1911 , Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range , West Papua Province , Indonesia . A record from Passam, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, was tentatively reassessed as E. serii . Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2023]  raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).														furax				furax	furax			furax O. Thomas, 1911		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Greater sheath-tailed	New Guinea bat	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Emballonura furax	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).	Thomas	1911	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 7:384.	Distribution: A poorly known species which occurs on New Guinea and on New Ireland in the Bismarcks.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Greater sheath-tailed bat	New Guinea, New Ireland; ref. 4.26; K	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1911	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 7:384.		New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).		THOMAS	1911	Size large (forearm length, 45-50 mm). Postor bital crests virtually absent. Basisphenoid pits deep and extending well into alisphenoids, but median septum poorly developed.	Distribution: A poorly known species which occurs on New Guinea and on New Ireland in the Bismarcks.	No subspecies.		44	species	E. furax	THOMAS	1911	Emballonura	subgenus	Emballonura furax				Size large (forearm length, 45-50 mm). Postor bital crests virtually absent. Basisphenoid pits deep and extending well into alisphenoids, but median septum poorly developed.	No subspecies.		8. E. furax THOMAS 1911 [raffrayana group],	8	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Emballonura furax	Emballonura		furax	Thomas		1911		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8	7		384		New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, S of Charles Louis Range, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).	Prov. of Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea including Bismarck Arch.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03D587F2FFC44C0FFF663170F8F0F261	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	360	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC44C0FFF663170F8F0F261.xml	Emballonura furax	Emballonuridae	Emballonura	furax	Thomas	1911	Grande Emballonure @fr | Neuguinea-Freischwanzfledermaus @de | Embalonuro grande @es | Greater Sheath-tailed Bat @en | New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat @en	Emballonura furax Thomas, 1911 , Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range , West Papua Province , Indonesia . A record from Passam, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, was tentatively reassessed as E. serii . Monotypic.	Papua New Guinea ( Western , Southern Highlands, Chimbu, and Gulf provinces), and Biak and Yapen Is in Indonesia.	Head-body 54—61 mm, tail 10-19 mm, ear 16-9—19-4 mm, hindfoot 6 9-5 mm, forearm 48-53 mm; weight 9-5-14 g. Long (11-13 mm) dorsal hair of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat is bicolored and blackish brown or dark red-brown for most of its length over white base. Hairs on venter are tricolored, with white bases, medium red-brown centers, and indistinct white tips. Flight membranes and all bare skin are blackish brown, except pale lips. Claws are white. Ear is long and narrow and tapers acutely. Skull is dome-shaped, with inflated rostrum.	Lowland rainforests, hill forests, and lower montane forests from sea level to elevations of c.1500 m. Acoustic surveys and wing morphology of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat suggest that it forages in open areas, probably over and among canopies.	New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats are insectivorous.	No information.	The New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats is crepuscular and roosts in limestone caves and tunnels. It emerges before sunset and forages in open areas and forest understories until darkness, and then it can move above forest canopies.	New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats roost in groups of several to a few dozen individuals clinging to vertical walls in twilight zones of caves and tunnels. They often cohabit roosts with Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats ( E. dianae ) and Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bats (E. raffrayana ). Acoustic survey data suggest that they can be locally common.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. Although there are no population estimates, new site locations are being found with acoustic surveys, particularly in Western and Gulf provinces of Papua New Guinea. Additional surveys in West Papua might increase known distribution of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat. Deforestation for timber harvest and establishment of plantations is a threat. Destruction and disturbance of roost sites are potential threats. Fortunately, a significant part of the distribution is rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to experience large-scale clearing or disturbance.	Armstrong & Aplin (2017a) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Flannery (1994, 1995a, 1995b) | McKean (1972)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747940/files/figure.png	22 . New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat Emballonura furax French: Grande Emballonure / German: Neuguinea-Freischwanzfledermaus I Spanish: Embalonuro grande Other common names: Greater Sheath-tailed Bat, New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat Taxonomy . Emballonura furax Thomas, 1911 , Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range , West Papua Province , Indonesia . A record from Passam, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, was tentatively reassessed as E. serii . Monotypic. Distribution. Papua New Guinea ( Western , Southern Highlands, Chimbu, and Gulf provinces), and Biak and Yapen Is in Indonesia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 54—61 mm, tail 10-19 mm, ear 16-9—19-4 mm, hindfoot 6 9-5 mm, forearm 48-53 mm; weight 9-5-14 g. Long (11-13 mm) dorsal hair of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat is bicolored and blackish brown or dark red-brown for most of its length over white base. Hairs on venter are tricolored, with white bases, medium red-brown centers, and indistinct white tips. Flight membranes and all bare skin are blackish brown, except pale lips. Claws are white. Ear is long and narrow and tapers acutely. Skull is dome-shaped, with inflated rostrum. Habitat . Lowland rainforests, hill forests, and lower montane forests from sea level to elevations of c.1500 m. Acoustic surveys and wing morphology of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat suggest that it forages in open areas, probably over and among canopies. Food and Feeding . New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats are insectivorous. Breeding . No information. Activity patterns. The New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats is crepuscular and roosts in limestone caves and tunnels. It emerges before sunset and forages in open areas and forest understories until darkness, and then it can move above forest canopies. Movements, Home range and Social organization. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bats roost in groups of several to a few dozen individuals clinging to vertical walls in twilight zones of caves and tunnels. They often cohabit roosts with Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats ( E. dianae ) and Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bats (E. raffrayana ). Acoustic survey data suggest that they can be locally common. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. Although there are no population estimates, new site locations are being found with acoustic surveys, particularly in Western and Gulf provinces of Papua New Guinea. Additional surveys in West Papua might increase known distribution of the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat. Deforestation for timber harvest and establishment of plantations is a threat. Destruction and disturbance of roost sites are potential threats. Fortunately, a significant part of the distribution is rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to experience large-scale clearing or disturbance. Bibliography. Armstrong & Aplin (2017a), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1994, 1995a, 1995b), McKean (1972).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Emballonura furax	Emballonura		furax	Thomas	1911	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 7: 384	New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, S of Charles Louis Range, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).	Prov. of Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea including Bismarck Arch.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Emballonura furax	23	New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat	Greater Sheath-tailed Bat|New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	furax	O. Thomas	1911	0	Emballonura_furax	Thomas, O. (1911). Three new mamals from Dutch New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 7, 384.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71908#page/398/mode/1up	BM 1911.11.11.12		Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range, West Papua Province, Indonesia.			furax O. Thomas, 1911	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_furax	0	sciname match	Emballonura_furax	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7667	Emballonura furax	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Emballonura	furax	Thomas, 1911		200000000	Emballonura furax	Least Concern		2021	2016-07-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Previous assessments were limited by the availability of information on distribution. In recent years, new records of presence based on captures and recordings of its signature echolocation call, along with regional acoustic surveys, have extended the known and possible range of this species. As a result of this new information, and given the lack of identified key threats, this species does not currently match the criteria for listing as threatened.	<p>Emballonura furax has been recorded in areas of Lowland Rainforest, Hill Forest and Lower Montane Forest. Acoustic survey data suggest that it can be locally common but it is rarely captured other than by visiting roosts in limestone caves and mining tunnels (Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998, K.N. Armstrong and K.P. Aplin, unpublished data). The spatial pattern of acoustic recordings as well as its wing morphology suggest that it forages in open areas, probably over and amongst canopy. The few encounters with E. furax at roosts have involved small groups of several to a few dozen individuals. The same sites typically contain much larger numbers of E. dianae and/or E. raffrayana . It is not known whether E. furax prefers to roost in deeper chambers of the same cave systems or alternatively, uses a variety of smaller roost types including small rock shelters and fissures. There are no instances of it roosting in tree hollows or epiphtyes but the fact that another sympatric emballonurid Mosia nigrescens uses both cave and vegetation roosts cautions against rejecting this possibility.</p>	The only significant threat to this species is broad-scale deforestation for forestry and the establishment of plantations. Destruction or major disturbance of roost sites might pose a threat if large communal aggregations feature as part of the species’ reproductive behaviour. A significant part of the species range is made up of rugged karst terrain that is unlikely to be subject to large scale clearance or disturbance.	No population estimates are available, but the species appears to be reasonably common in parts of Papua New Guinea that have been assessed in the past five years using acoustic methods, including multiple localities in Western and Gulf Provinces at elevations between 100 m and 1,500 m asl (K.N. Armstrong and K.P. Aplin, unpublished data). Across the same area, none have been captured in mist nets or harp traps, and only relatively few individuals have been captured inside caves. The distribution and status of the species in the Indonesian province of Papua is unknown but given that the type locality of furax is Kapari River, it is likely that they are distributed widely across the poorly surveyed country south of the cordillera.	Stable	<p>Emballonura furax is endemic to New Guinea and nearby islands. It has been recorded from sea level to 1,500 m Asl. In Papua New Guinea, it has been collected from Chimbu, Gulf, Southern Highlands and Western Provinces (Bonaccorso 1998). A prior record from Passam (near Wewak) in East Sepik Province has been reassessed as E. serii (K.P. Aplin and K.M. Helgen unpublished data). More recently, surveys have recorded some captures and the echolocation call in localities with underlying limestone geology between 50–1000 m in Western and Gulf provinces (K.P. Aplin and K.N. Armstrong unpublished data). The only indication of its presence north of the cordillera are echolocation calls from a locality in Morobe Province (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data), whereas extensive surveys in Sandaun (West Sepik) Province failed to detect its characteristic echolocation call type (K.P. Aplin and K.N. Armstrong unpublished data). Within Papua Province, Indonesia, the species has been recorded from the Kapari River of Fakfak District (type locality), Yapen Island, and from Biak Island. Defining the distribution of this species is further complicated by issues of taxonomy and identification of the type. The record from the type locality at the Kapari River suggests that its distribution may extend further west on the southern side of the cordillera in Papua Province, and presence of this species on Yapen and Biak islands suggests that the taxonomic relationships within E. furax and E. serii are not completely understood. </p>		Terrestrial	Roost sites near Crater Mountain in Chimbu Province fall within the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area. Further ecological studies are needed.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		furax	Thomas	1911	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 7: 384	New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, S of Charles Louis Range, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).	Prov. of Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea including Bismarck Arch.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Emballonura furax	1004805	23	New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat	Greater Sheath-tailed Bat|New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	furax	O. Thomas	1911	0	Emballonura_furax	Thomas, O. (1911). Three new mamals from Dutch New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 7, 384.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/71908#page/398/mode/1up	BM 1911.11.11.12		Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range, West Papua Province, Indonesia.			furax O. Thomas, 1911	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_furax	0	sciname match	Emballonura_furax	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Emballonura_furax	1004805	23	New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat	Greater Sheath-tailed Bat|New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Emballonurini	Emballonura	NA	furax	O. Thomas	0	Emballonura furax	Thomas, O. 1911-04-01. Three new mammals from Dutch New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)7(40):384-387.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15815100	BMNH:Mamm:1911.11.11.12	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/79c19f4c-ebd7-4810-adb3-4d07135483b4	Whitewater Camp, Kapare River, south of Charles Louis Range, West Papua Province, Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_furax	0	sciname match	Emballonura_furax	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		furax	Thomas	1911	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 7: 384	New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, S of Charles Louis Range, Kapare River, Whitewater Camp., 400 ft. (122 m).	Prov. of Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea including Bismarck Arch.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7667/209536771/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Emballonura furax; Emballonura furax; Emballonura furax; Emballonura furax; Emballonura furax; Emballonura furax; furax; Grande Emballonure; Neuguinea-Freischwanzfledermaus; Embalonuro grande; Greater Sheath-tailed Bat; New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat; New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat; Greater Sheath-tailed Bat; New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat; New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat; New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat; E. furax