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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L260	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura dianae		[MSW3] raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Emballonura dianae Hill in Wolff, 1956 , Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island , Solomon Islands . Three subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022]  raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [IUCN] Part of the raffrayana species group, and includes two recognised subspecies (Simmons 2005): fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 in southern Papua New Guinea, and rickwoodi Flannery, 1994 on New Ireland and New Britain (Bonaccorso 1998). Populations across the Solomon Islands might also represent an additional taxonomic group.; [batnames2023]  raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).								dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi		dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwooodi		dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi		dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi	Part of the raffrayana species group, and includes two recognised subspecies (Simmons 2005): fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 in southern Papua New Guinea, and rickwoodi Flannery, 1994 on New Ireland and New Britain (Bonaccorso 1998). Populations across the Solomon Islands might also represent an additional taxonomic group.	dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi		dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi 	dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi, rickwooodi 	dianae, fruhstorferi, rickwoodi		dianae J. Edwards Hill, 1956|fruhstorferi Flannery, 1995|rickwoodi Flannery, 1995|rickwooodi D. E. Wilson & Mittermeier, 2019 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Rennell Island sheathtailed bat	Malaita, Rennell Is, Solomons; ref. 4.52	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Emballonura dianae	Solomon Isis., Rennell IsL, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.	Hill	1956	In Wolff, The Nat. Hist. Rennell IsL, Br. Solomon Isis., 1:74.	Distribution: Known from New Guinea, New Ireland in the Bismarcks and from Malaita and Rennell in the Solomons.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Rennell Island sheathtailed bat	New Guinea, New Ireland, Malaita, Rennell Is, Solomons; ref. 4.26	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hill	1956	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isis, 1:74.		Rennell and Malaita Isis (Solomon Isis), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	Solomon Isis, Rennell Isl, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.		HILL	1956	Size relatively large (forearm length, 41 -4 8 mm). Pos torbital crests not confluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits very deep and extending well into alisphenoids, with the median septum mod erately developed. Ears unusually broad. Ros trum greatly inflated and postorbital processes poorly developed.	Distribution: Known from New Guinea, New Ireland in the Bismarcks and from Malaita and Rennell in the Solomons.	No subspecies.		44	species	E. dianae	HILL	1956	Emballonura	subgenus	Emballonura dianae				Size relatively large (forearm length, 41 -4 8 mm). Pos torbital crests not confluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits very deep and extending well into alisphenoids, with the median septum mod erately developed. Ears unusually broad. Ros trum greatly inflated and postorbital processes poorly developed.	No subspecies.		7. E. dianae HILL 1956 [raffrayana group].	7	_E. d. dianae_ Hill, 1956; _E. d. fruhstorferi_ Flannery, 1995; _E. d. rickwoodi_ Flannery, 1995			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Emballonura dianae	Emballonura		dianae	Hill		1956		In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls	1		74		Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat	Solomon Isls, Rennell Isl, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.	Rennell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Choiseul and San Isabel Isls (Solomon Isls), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.	fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994; rickwoodi Flannery, 1994.	raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	360	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC44C08F8D0325EFDF3FDD8.xml	Emballonura dianae	Emballonuridae	Emballonura	dianae	Hill in Wolff	1956	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Emballonure de Diana @fr | Diana-reischwanzfledermaus @de | Embalonuro de Diana @es	Emballonura dianae Hill in Wolff, 1956 , Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island , Solomon Islands . Three subspecies are recognized.	E. d. dianae Hill, 1956 - Solomon Is (Malaita, Guadalcanal, and Rennell). E. d. fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 — Papua New Guinea ( Western , Southern Highlands, and Gulf provinces). E. d. rickwooodi Flannery, 1994 - Bismarck Archipelago (Mussau, New Britain, and New Ireland Is), and N & W Solomon Is (Bougainville and Santa Isabel Is).	Head-body 48-64 mm, tail 11-16 mm, ear 14-5-17-9 mm, hindfoot 7 9-9-1 mm, forearm 42-48 mm; weight 5-10-5 g. As reflected by its common name, the Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat has broad, funnel-like ears. Tragus is notched at its base and has small pointed projection at front upper margin. Lips are thick, and upper lip overhangs lower. Dorsal fur is bicolored, with red-brown to medium brown tips over whitish bases. Subspecies rickwoodi has tricolored ventral hair that is whitish at bases and tips and reddish brown in between; however, specimens from New Ireland have white throat and posterior margin of body. Subspecies fruhstorferi shows little difference between brown dorsal and ventral fur.	Rainforests and mossy (cloud) forests from sea level to elevations of at least 1400 m. On Mussau Island, Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats were observed foraging along beaches and in forest clearings and groves of coconut palms.	The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is insectivorous. Five individuals were captured in a short time in mist nets on New Britain Island when they were attracted to lights that primarily attracted moths, suggesting group foraging might occur.	Female Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats carrying one embryo each have been collected in September, a lactating female was reported from June, and volant juveniles were reported in December. These scant data suggest the possibility that polyestry occurs with two birth peaks each year.	The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts in dimly lit limestone cave entrances. Echolocation search call is a multiharmonic QFM call, with greatest energy of c .35 kHz in second harmonic. Call begins with upsweep tick and terminates in very slight downward tick.	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats will cohabit twilight zones of caves with multiple other species of bats including the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat { Emballonura furax ), Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bat { E. raffrayand ) , and Beccari’s Sheath-tailed Bat { E. beccarii ). Small groups individually space themselves a few centimeters apart on vertical rock walls in day roosts.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Largeeared Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. Its widely scattered known localities where presence is confirmed are almost certainly due to lack of research rather than highly fragmented populations. Suitable conservation actions would be protection of known roosting caves and identification of additional important roosting caves. The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is not known to occur in protected areas, but it might occur in some in Papua New Guinea. Timber harvest in many parts of its distribution is a growing threat that should be examined because it has been a decade since its previous review on The IUCNRed List.	Bonaccorso (1998) | Bonaccorso, Leary & Hamilton (2008 a) | Flannery (1994, 1995a, 1995b) | Hill (1956) | Whitmore (2015)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747944/files/figure.png	24 . Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat Emballonura dianae French: Emballonure de Diana / German: Diana-reischwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Embalonuro de Diana Taxonomy . Emballonura dianae Hill in Wolff, 1956 , Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island , Solomon Islands . Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. E. d. dianae Hill, 1956 - Solomon Is (Malaita, Guadalcanal, and Rennell). E. d. fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 — Papua New Guinea ( Western , Southern Highlands, and Gulf provinces). E. d. rickwooodi Flannery, 1994 - Bismarck Archipelago (Mussau, New Britain, and New Ireland Is), and N & W Solomon Is (Bougainville and Santa Isabel Is). Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-64 mm, tail 11-16 mm, ear 14-5-17-9 mm, hindfoot 7 9-9-1 mm, forearm 42-48 mm; weight 5-10-5 g. As reflected by its common name, the Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat has broad, funnel-like ears. Tragus is notched at its base and has small pointed projection at front upper margin. Lips are thick, and upper lip overhangs lower. Dorsal fur is bicolored, with red-brown to medium brown tips over whitish bases. Subspecies rickwoodi has tricolored ventral hair that is whitish at bases and tips and reddish brown in between; however, specimens from New Ireland have white throat and posterior margin of body. Subspecies fruhstorferi shows little difference between brown dorsal and ventral fur. Habitat . Rainforests and mossy (cloud) forests from sea level to elevations of at least 1400 m. On Mussau Island, Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats were observed foraging along beaches and in forest clearings and groves of coconut palms. Food and Feeding . The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is insectivorous. Five individuals were captured in a short time in mist nets on New Britain Island when they were attracted to lights that primarily attracted moths, suggesting group foraging might occur. Breeding . Female Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats carrying one embryo each have been collected in September, a lactating female was reported from June, and volant juveniles were reported in December. These scant data suggest the possibility that polyestry occurs with two birth peaks each year. Activity patterns. The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts in dimly lit limestone cave entrances. Echolocation search call is a multiharmonic QFM call, with greatest energy of c .35 kHz in second harmonic. Call begins with upsweep tick and terminates in very slight downward tick. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bats will cohabit twilight zones of caves with multiple other species of bats including the New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat { Emballonura furax ), Raffray’s Sheath-tailed Bat { E. raffrayand ) , and Beccari’s Sheath-tailed Bat { E. beccarii ). Small groups individually space themselves a few centimeters apart on vertical rock walls in day roosts. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Largeeared Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. Its widely scattered known localities where presence is confirmed are almost certainly due to lack of research rather than highly fragmented populations. Suitable conservation actions would be protection of known roosting caves and identification of additional important roosting caves. The Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat is not known to occur in protected areas, but it might occur in some in Papua New Guinea. Timber harvest in many parts of its distribution is a growing threat that should be examined because it has been a decade since its previous review on The IUCNRed List. Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso, Leary & Hamilton (2008 a ), Flannery (1994, 1995a, 1995b), Hill (1956), Whitmore (2015).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Emballonura dianae	Emballonura		dianae	Hill	1956	0	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls	0.0931	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat	<b> fruhstorferi </b>Flannery, 1994; <b> rickwoodi </b>Flannery, 1994.	Solomon Isls, Rennell Isl, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.	Rennell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Choiseul and San Isabel Isls (Solomon Isls), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Emballonura dianae	23	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	dianae	J. Edwards Hill	1956	0						Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.			dianae J. Edwards Hill, 1956|fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994|rickwoodi Flannery, 1994	NA	NA	Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_dianae	0	sciname match	Emballonura_dianae	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7673	Emballonura dianae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Emballonura	dianae	Hill, 1956	Part of the raffrayana species group, and includes two recognised subspecies (Simmons 2005): fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 in southern Papua New Guinea, and rickwoodi Flannery, 1994 on New Ireland and New Britain (Bonaccorso 1998). Populations across the Solomon Islands might also represent an additional taxonomic group.	200000000	Emballonura dianae	Least Concern		2021	2019-07-21 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Assessed as Least Concern because it has a relatively wide distribution, has a presumed large population size, and although populations are declining due to deforestation in some parts of its range, this is not known to be occurring at a rate required to qualify listing in a threatened category.	Roosts in caves, clinging to walls in areas of twilight closer to the entrance, and in the same structures but separate from other species of Emballonura and Mosia nigrescens . It occurs in tropical forests, flying in open spaces in and around the tree canopy (Bonaccorso 1998; K.N. Armstrong unpublished data). Their echolocation call is distinctive, and is typically recorded less often than other small emballonurid species. Pulse shape resembles that of Hipposideros , but the strongest second harmonic has a characteristic frequency of c. 35 kHz, which is around the same frequency of the first harmonic of the common species Mosia nigrescens , so E. dianae can be distinguished on the basis of a first harmonic at c. 17 kHz (K.N. Armstrong, unpublished data).	Emballonura dianae are vulnerable when in their diurnal roosts, and removal of cave roost habitat and disturbance of the larger breeding colonies has the potential to have significant effects. Collection for food might occur in some localities. Caves with large colonies also have the potential to occur in areas that coincide with the interests of mining. The removal of natural forest habitat also reduces the foraging habitat of this and other species of Emballonura .	Considered in the previous assessment as rare. Several recent acoustic surveys have extended the distribution limits slightly and added new records within its area of occupancy (K.N. Armstrong unpublished reports), and the recent revision of some provincial boundaries in Papua New Guinea has added two new provinces to its known range. Population size has not been estimated, there is no information on the size of colonies, and knowledge of roost sites is limited. The global population is assumed to be declining due to deforestation in some parts of its range.	Unknown	This species occurs in Papua New Guinea (in Gulf Province, Hela Province, Sandaun Province, Southern Highlands Province and Western Province; and New Britain and New Ireland in the Bismarck Islands) and the Solomon Islands (the islands of Guadalcanal, Rennel, Malaita, and Santa Isabel, and possibly some others) (Flannery 1995a,b; Bonaccorso 1998; K.N. Armstrong unpublished reports). It ranges from sea level to 1,400 m asl (Mu, East New Britain Province).		Terrestrial	Suitable conservation actions for this species are the protection of known roosting caves, and identification of additional important roosting sites. There are no known records of this species from protected areas, but it may occur in some within its range in Papua New Guinea.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		dianae	Hill	1956	0	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls	0.093056	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat	<b> fruhstorferi </b>Flannery, 1994; <b> rickwoodi </b>Flannery, 1994.	Solomon Isls, Rennell Isl, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.	Rennell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Choiseul and San Isabel Isls (Solomon Isls), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Emballonura dianae	1004804	23	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	dianae	J. Edwards Hill	1956	0						Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.			dianae J. Edwards Hill, 1956|fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994|rickwoodi Flannery, 1994	NA	NA				Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_dianae	0	sciname match	Emballonura_dianae	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Emballonura_dianae	1004804	23	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Emballonurini	Emballonura	NA	dianae	J. Edwards Hill	0	Emballonura dianae	Hill, J.E. 1956-11. The mammals of Rennell Island. Pp. 73–84 in Wolff, T. 1958. The Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands. Volume 1 (Vertebrates). Danish Science Press, Copenhagen, 228 pp.	https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof0001dans/page/74/mode/1up	BMNH:Mamm:1954.875	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7b5c9e5e-ee42-4bc0-ad9e-74e9f2778edc	Te-Abagua Cave, near Tigoa, Rennell Island, Solomon Islands.			NA	NA				Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_dianae	0	sciname match	Emballonura_dianae	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		dianae	Hill	1956	0	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls	0.093056	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat	fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994; rickwoodi Flannery, 1994.	Solomon Isls, Rennell Isl, near Tigoa, Te-Abagua Cave, about 35 m.	Rennell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Choiseul and San Isabel Isls (Solomon Isls), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7673/209522232/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Emballonura dianae; Emballonura dianae; Emballonura dianae; Emballonura dianae; Emballonura dianae; Emballonura dianae; dianae; fruhstorferi; rickwoodi; dianae; fruhstorferi; rickwooodi; fruhstorferi; rickwoodi; dianae; fruhstorferi; rickwoodi; Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat; Emballonure de Diana; Diana-reischwanzfledermaus; Embalonuro de Diana; Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat; Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat; Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat; E. dianae