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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L258	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura alecto		[MSW2] Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977:44).; [MSW3] alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Vespertilo {Nycticetus) [sic] afecZo Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836, Manila , Luzon , Philippines . Four subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022]  alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).; [IUCN] Similar in appearance to E. monticola. There are four subspecies recognised (Simmons 2005): E. a. alecto in the Philippines (type locality Manila, Luzon), anambensis Miller, 1900 in the Anamba Islands, Natuna Islands, Karimata Island and Panebangan Islands (type locality Mobur Island, Anamba Islands), palawanensis Taylor, 1934 on Palawan Island, in the Philippines (type locality Iwahig Range at the base of Thumb Peak, Palawan), rivalis Thomas, 1915 in Borneo (type locality Bida, Sarawak).; [batnames2023]  alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).; [batnames2025_1.7] alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).				rivalis	(rivalis)	discolor, palawanensis, rivalis.	rivalis, palawanensis, alecto	alecto, anambensis, palawanensis, rivalis	discolor	alecto, anambensis, palawanensis		alecto, anambensis, palawanensis, rivalis	alecto - discolor	alecto, discolor, anambensis, rivalis, palawanensis	Similar in appearance to E. monticola. There are four subspecies recognised (Simmons 2005): E. a. alecto in the Philippines (type locality Manila, Luzon), anambensis Miller, 1900 in the Anamba Islands, Natuna Islands, Karimata Island and Panebangan Islands (type locality Mobur Island, Anamba Islands), palawanensis Taylor, 1934 on Palawan Island, in the Philippines (type locality Iwahig Range at the base of Thumb Peak, Palawan), rivalis Thomas, 1915 in Borneo (type locality Bida, Sarawak).	alecto, anambensis, palawanensis, rivalis	alecto - discolor	alecto, discolor, anambensis, rivalis, palawanensis	alecto, discolor, anambensis, rivalis, palawanensis	alecto, anambensis, palawanensis, rivalis	alecto - discolor	alecto (Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836)|discolor W. C. H. Peters, 1861|anambensis G. S. Miller, 1900|rivalis O. Thomas, 1915|palawanensis E. H. Taylor, 1934		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Philippine sheath-tailed bat	Philippines, Borneo – S Moluccas	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Emballonura alecto	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Eydoux and Gervais	1836	Mag. Zool. Paris, 6:7.	Distribution: Oc curing in Borneo, Philippines, Celebes and Moluccas.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Philippine sheath-tailed bat	Philippines, Borneo – S Moluccas, Tanimbar Is; ref. 4.143	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Eydoux and Gervais	1836	Mag. Zool. Paris, 6:7.	Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977:44).	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi and Tanimbar (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.		EYDOUX & GERVAIS	1836	Size relatively large (forearm length, 43-49 mm). Postorbital crests more or less con fluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits sep arated by a median septum.	Distribution: Oc curing in Borneo, Philippines, Celebes and Moluccas.	Three subspecies are currently recog nized:	E. a. rivalis (Borneo), E. a. palawanensis (Palawan in the southwestern Philippines), E. a. alecto (main Philippine is lands, Celebes and Moluccas).	44	species	E. alecto	EYDOUX & GERVAIS	1836	Emballonura	subgenus	Emballonura alecto				Size relatively large (forearm length, 43-49 mm). Postorbital crests more or less con fluent with sagittal crest. Basisphenoid pits sep arated by a median septum.	Three subspecies are currently recog nized:		4. E. alecto (EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1836) [alecto group].	4	_E. a. alecto_ (Eydoux & Gervais, 1836) (synonyms: _discolor_ Peters, 1861); _E. a. anambensis_ Miller, 1900; _E. a. palawanensis_ Taylor, 1934; _E. a. rivalis_ Thomas, 1915			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Emballonura alecto	Emballonura		alecto	Eydoux and Gervais	y	1836		Mag. Zool. Paris	6		7		Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar (Indonesia), Moluccas, and adjacent small islands including Anambas Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	discolor Peters, 1861; anambensis Miller, 1900; palawanensis Taylor, 1934; rivalis Thomas, 1915.	alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	359	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC54C0EFF163B4FF2B8F822.xml	Emballonura alecto	Emballonuridae	Emballonura	alecto	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1836	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Emballonure des Philippines @fr | Philippinen-reischwanzfledermaus @de | Embalonuro de Filipinas @es | Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat (alecto) @en	Vespertilo {Nycticetus) [sic] afecZo Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836, Manila , Luzon , Philippines . Four subspecies are recognized.	E. a. alecto Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836 - Philippines (except Palawan), Talaud Is, Sulawesi, Togian Is, Banggai Is (Peleng), Raja Ampat Is (Gag), and the Moluccas (Sula, Seram, Ambon, Gorong, Tanimbar , and Kai Is). E. a. anambensis G. S. Miller , 1900 - restricted to Natuna Besar I. E. a. palawanensisE. H. Taylor, 1934 — Palawan and Balabac , Philippines. E. a. rivalis Thomas, 1915 - Borneo (including Anambas, Pelapis, and Karimata Is).	Head—body 46-3— 48-5 mm, tail 11-6-17-4 mm, ear 12— 13 mm, forearm 43-1-48-3 mm; weight 4-5 —7 g. Dorsum of the Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat is uniformly dark brown to reddish brown. It has relatively large eyes. There is a small gap (diastema) between P1 and P2. Emballonura shares the same dental formula with Paremballonura and Mosier. 12/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 34. This dental formula is found in no other genera of emballonurids.	Primary and secondary lowland tropical humid forests.	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats are insectivorous.	Pregnant Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats have been reported in April and June in the Philippines, but the complete breeding cycle is unknown.	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats are crepuscular and roost in cave entrances, including shallow caves and rock crevices, and under earth banks and buttresses offallen tree trunks. They emerge to forage in deep forest shade well before sunset.	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats can occur in bachelor colonies and mixed sex groups of up to 20 individuals. They can roost in caves with multiple other bat species including Lesser Sheath-tailed Bats (£. monticola') , Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros cervinus) , and Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bats { Miniopterus macrocneme).	Classified as Least Concern on TÄ« IUCNRed List The Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, although some local populations might be declining due to deforestation.	Csorba, Bumrungsri , rancis, Bates, Helgen etal. (2008) | lannery (1995 b) | Heaney , Balete et al. (1998) | Heaney , Gonzales et al. (1991) | Hill (1983) | Ingle (1992) | Rabor (1986) | Tate & Archbold (1939a)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749232/files/figure.png	20 . Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat Emballonura alecto French : Emballonure des Philippines / German: Philippinen-reischwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Embalonuro de Filipinas Other common names: Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat ( alecto ) Taxonomy . Vespertilo {Nycticetus) [sic] afecZo Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836, Manila , Luzon , Philippines . Four subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. E. a. alecto Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836 - Philippines (except Palawan), Talaud Is, Sulawesi, Togian Is, Banggai Is (Peleng), Raja Ampat Is (Gag), and the Moluccas (Sula, Seram, Ambon, Gorong, Tanimbar , and Kai Is). E. a. anambensis G. S. Miller , 1900 - restricted to Natuna Besar I. E. a. palawanensisE. H. Taylor, 1934 — Palawan and Balabac , Philippines. E. a. rivalis Thomas, 1915 - Borneo (including Anambas, Pelapis, and Karimata Is). Descriptive notes. Head—body 46-3— 48-5 mm, tail 11-6-17-4 mm, ear 12— 13 mm, forearm 43-1-48-3 mm; weight 4-5 —7 g. Dorsum of the Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat is uniformly dark brown to reddish brown. It has relatively large eyes. There is a small gap (diastema) between P1 and P2. Emballonura shares the same dental formula with Paremballonura and Mosier. 12/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 34. This dental formula is found in no other genera of emballonurids. Habitat . Primary and secondary lowland tropical humid forests. Food and Feeding . Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats are insectivorous. Breeding . Pregnant Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats have been reported in April and June in the Philippines, but the complete breeding cycle is unknown. Activity patterns. Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats are crepuscular and roost in cave entrances, including shallow caves and rock crevices, and under earth banks and buttresses offallen tree trunks. They emerge to forage in deep forest shade well before sunset. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bats can occur in bachelor colonies and mixed sex groups of up to 20 individuals. They can roost in caves with multiple other bat species including Lesser Sheath-tailed Bats (£. monticola') , Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros cervinus) , and Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bats { Miniopterus macrocneme). Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on TÄ« IUCNRed List The Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, although some local populations might be declining due to deforestation. Bibliography. Csorba, Bumrungsri , rancis, Bates, Helgen etal. (2008), lannery (1995 b ), Heaney , Balete eta/. (1998), Heaney , Gonzales et al. (1991), Hill (1983), Ingle (1992), Rabor (1986), Tate & Archbold (1939a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Emballonura alecto	Emballonura		alecto	Eydoux & Gervais	1836	1	Mag. Zool. Paris	6:07	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	 discolor Peters, 1861; <b> anambensis </b> Miller, 1900; <b>palawanensis</b> Taylor, 1934; <b>rivalis</b> Thomas, 1915.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar (Indonesia), Moluccas, and adjacent small islands including Anambas Isl.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Emballonura alecto	23	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	alecto	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1836	1						Manila, Luzon, Philippines.			alecto (Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836)|discolor W. Peters, 1861|anambensis G. S. Miller, 1900|rivalis O. Thomas, 1915|palawanensis E. H. Taylor, 1934	NA	NA	Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_alecto	0	sciname match	Emballonura_alecto	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7670	Emballonura alecto	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Emballonura	alecto	Eydoux &; Gervais, 1836	Similar in appearance to E. monticola. There are four subspecies recognised (Simmons 2005): E. a. alecto in the Philippines (type locality Manila, Luzon), anambensis Miller, 1900 in the Anamba Islands, Natuna Islands, Karimata Island and Panebangan Islands (type locality Mobur Island, Anamba Islands), palawanensis Taylor, 1934 on Palawan Island, in the Philippines (type locality Iwahig Range at the base of Thumb Peak, Palawan), rivalis Thomas, 1915 in Borneo (type locality Bida, Sarawak).	200000000	Emballonura alecto	Least Concern		2021	2019-07-21 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Assessed as Least Concern because it has a wide distribution, can be common locally and has a presumed large population size, has some tolerance of modified habitats, and although populations are declining due to deforestation in some parts of its range, this is unlikely to be occurring at a rate required to qualify listing in a threatened category.	Roosts have been found in caves, artificial tunnels, and shallower spaces under boulders, overhangs and in crevices (Heaney et al. 1991, Ingle 1992, Rabor 1986, Rickart et al. 1993, Taylor 1934, Heaney et al. 1998). They prefer the areas of twilight nearer the entrance of underground structures. They have been detected foraging in disturbed lowland forest and agricultural areas near remnant forest.	In some parts of their range deforestation is contributing to population declines and reduction of area of occupancy. Across its range there are various activities that threaten the integrity of roost sites and disturb colonies, including limestone quarrying, and guano mining. They are vulnerable when in their diurnal roosts, and removal of cave roost habitat and disturbance of the larger breeding colonies will contribute to an overall reduction.	Regarded as common in some parts of its range but population size has not been estimated. The global population is suspected to be declining due to deforestation in some parts of its range.	Decreasing	The species occurs across Borneo, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sula, Ceram, Tanimbar and the Aru Islands in Indonesia and various smaller islands surrounding these. In the Philippines, it has been recorded from Balabac, Biliran, Bohol, Camiguin, Catanduanes, Dinagat, Guimaras, Leyte, Luzon (Camarines Sur, Laguna, Quezon provinces), Maripipi, Mindanao (Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, and Zamboanga del Sur provinces), Negros, Panay (Heaney et al. 1998).		Terrestrial	Known from some protected areas across its range. Populations of this species can be maintained through the preservation of primary and secondary forest habitat. Roost sites discovered with dozens or hundreds of individuals should be managed to discourage visitation and disturbance by people. Ideally, these sites should be conserved and protected by working with local authorities and communities.	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		alecto	Eydoux & Gervais	1836	1	Mag. Zool. Paris	6:07	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	 discolor Peters, 1861; <b> anambensis </b> Miller, 1900; <b>palawanensis</b> Taylor, 1934; <b>rivalis</b> Thomas, 1915.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar (Indonesia), Moluccas, and adjacent small islands including Anambas Isl.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Emballonura alecto	1004802	23	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	EMBALLONURINI	Emballonura	NA	alecto	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1836	1						Manila, Luzon, Philippines.			alecto (Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836)|discolor W. Peters, 1861|anambensis G. S. Miller, 1900|rivalis O. Thomas, 1915|palawanensis E. H. Taylor, 1934	NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_alecto	0	sciname match	Emballonura_alecto	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Emballonura_alecto	1004802	23	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Emballonurini	Emballonura	NA	alecto	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1	Vespertilio (Nycticeus) alecto	Eydoux, J.F.T. and Gervais, P. 1836. Classe I. Magasin de zoologie 6(1):1-26.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37086081				Manila, Luzon, Philippines.			NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia|Oceania (Continent)	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Emballonura_alecto	0	sciname match	Emballonura_alecto	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Emballonura		alecto	Eydoux & Gervais	1836	1	Mag. Zool. Paris	6:07	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat	discolor Peters, 1861; anambensis Miller, 1900; palawanensis Taylor, 1934; rivalis Thomas, 1915.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar (Indonesia), Moluccas, and adjacent small islands including Anambas Isl.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7670/209548087/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Emballonura alecto; Emballonura alecto; Emballonura alecto; Emballonura alecto; Emballonura alecto; Emballonura alecto; alecto; anambensis; palawanensis; rivalis; discolor; alecto; anambensis; palawanensis; anambensis; palawanensis; rivalis; discolor; alecto; discolor; anambensis; rivalis; palawanensis; Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat; Emballonure des Philippines; Philippinen-reischwanzfledermaus; Embalonuro de Filipinas; Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat (alecto); Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat; Philippine Sheath-tailed Bat; Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat; Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat; E. alecto