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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L253	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus rickarti		[HMW] Dyacopterus rickarti Helgen et al, 2007 , “San Isidro ( 17°27'N , 120°37’E ), Luzon ( Abra Province ), Philippines .” This species is monotypic.; [MDD2022] recently described; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														rickarti				rickarti	rickarti			rickarti K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, & Ingle in K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & M. H. Sinaga, 2007						N/A																																								NA																											03AD87FAFFCAF62489B83515FF5EF3B4	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	72	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFCAF62489B83515FF5EF3B4.xml	Dyacopterus rickarti	Pteropodidae	Dyacopterus	rickarti	Helgen et al.	2007	Cynoptere de Rickart @fr | Philippinen-Dayak-Flughund @de | Dyacoéptero de Rickart @es | Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat @en	Dyacopterus rickarti Helgen et al, 2007 , “San Isidro ( 17°27'N , 120°37’E ), Luzon ( Abra Province ), Philippines .” This species is monotypic.	Philippines , suspected to be widespread in the archipelago, but so far recorded in only one locality on Luzon I and four localities on Mindanao I.	Head-body 130- 144 mm , tail 18-29 mm , ear 21-25 mm , hindfoot 25 mm , forearm 91-96- 4 mm ; weight 138-148 g . Muzzle of the Philippine Large-headed Bat is stout, almost hairless, with grayish brown skin; nostrils are shortly tubular and divergent, with thickened rims and obvious philtrum, reaching upper lip that has faint, inconspicuous white mustache of very sparse hairs; lower lip has very large but not prominent paired pads and other small papillae. Eyes are moderately large; iris is dark brown. Ears are short and grayish brown, with pointed tips. Head is massive, very wide, and divided by obvious temporal muscles. Head pelage is very short and grayish brown and continues on nape, becoming warm brown along dorsum. Tail is long, surpassing wide uropatagium; calcar is short. Throat and chest are sparsely haired and light brown that becomes darker on flanks; belly is pale brown to cream. Small tuft of longer, warm brown hairs occurs on shoulder. Wing membranes are dark gray from sides of body and attach to second toe, index claw is present, and all claws are unpigmented and whitish. Skull has no basicranial deflection, is generally very robust, and long posteriorly. Laterally, premaxillae are fused; narial opening is deeply concave; rostrum is very deep, ascending and continued into flat forehead; juga of canine and cheekteeth roots are obvious; orbit is large, with well-marked rim; zygomatic root is above upper alveolar line; zygoma is strongly arched; and braincase is low and elongated. Dorsally, rostrum widens posteriorly, paranasal recesses are inflated, postorbital foramen is absent, postorbital constriction is obvious, postorbital processes are thick and divergent, forehead looks like a shield, temporal lines are joined in sharp sagittal crest, and braincase is oval and elongated, ending in marked nuchal crest. Ventrally, palate is flat; tooth rows diverge; post-dental short and converging, without palatine spine; sphenoidal crest is low; and ectotympanic is very wide, especially anteriorly, and internally edged by ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandible is stout; symphysis slopes, continuing in a convex ventral border; coronoid slopes steeply, almost vertical, and tip is rounded; condyle is strong, above lower alveolar line; and angle is stout, with marked rim. There are 15-16 palatal ridges, with posterior and some anterior ridges divided. Upper incisors are small and crowded; I' is longest; C' is straight and proclivous, has well-developed vertical groove on its anteromedial surface and obvious cingulum and posterolateral basal cusp; P' is absent; next premolar (P?) is massive, stout, high-crowned, very wide, and square in outline; last premolar has anteromedial cingular ledge; and M' is more elongated and low crowned. Lower incisors are very small and spaced; C, is short, stout, and strongly decurved; P, is relatively large and wide; posterior cheekteeth are massive, changing from high-crowned triangular outline to very wide, square outline in last premolar, to more elongated, low-crowned M; and M,is peg-like.	Primary and regenerating montane and mossy rainforest at elevations of 260- 1680 m . The Philippine Large-headed Batis suspected to use subcanopy and canopy strata.	The Philippine Large-headed Bat is primarily frugivorous, probably relying on figs ( Ficus spp. , Moraceae ) and hard fruits,judging from its robust skull and dentition.	A pregnant Philippine Large-headed Bat with one young was captured in May.	The few captures of Philippine Large-Headed Bats suggest that it uses open areas as flyways.	No information.	Not assessed on The [UCN Red List. The Philippine Largeheaded Bat was included under the Common Dayak Fruit Bat ( D. spadiceus ), which was classified as Near Threatened. Additional research is needed to evaluate conservation status of the Philippine Large-headed Bat, which is rare and infrequently captured. Present in some protected areas; e.g. Mount Kitanglad Range Nature Park (Mindanao).	Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016) | Heaney, Tabaranza et al. (2006) | Helgen et al. (2007) | Kock (1969a)		17. Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat Dyacopterus rickarti French: Cynoptere de Rickart / German: Philippinen-Dayak-Flughund / Spanish: Dyacoéptero de Rickart Other common names: Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Dyacopterus rickarti Helgen et al, 2007 , “San Isidro ( 17°27'N , 120°37’E ), Luzon ( Abra Province ), Philippines .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Philippines , suspected to be widespread in the archipelago, but so far recorded in only one locality on Luzon I and four localities on Mindanao I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 130- 144 mm , tail 18-29 mm , ear 21-25 mm , hindfoot 25 mm , forearm 91-96- 4 mm ; weight 138-148 g . Muzzle of the Philippine Large-headed Bat is stout, almost hairless, with grayish brown skin; nostrils are shortly tubular and divergent, with thickened rims and obvious philtrum, reaching upper lip that has faint, inconspicuous white mustache of very sparse hairs; lower lip has very large but not prominent paired pads and other small papillae. Eyes are moderately large; iris is dark brown. Ears are short and grayish brown, with pointed tips. Head is massive, very wide, and divided by obvious temporal muscles. Head pelage is very short and grayish brown and continues on nape, becoming warm brown along dorsum. Tail is long, surpassing wide uropatagium; calcar is short. Throat and chest are sparsely haired and light brown that becomes darker on flanks; belly is pale brown to cream. Small tuft of longer, warm brown hairs occurs on shoulder. Wing membranes are dark gray from sides of body and attach to second toe, index claw is present, and all claws are unpigmented and whitish. Skull has no basicranial deflection, is generally very robust, and long posteriorly. Laterally, premaxillae are fused; narial opening is deeply concave; rostrum is very deep, ascending and continued into flat forehead; juga of canine and cheekteeth roots are obvious; orbit is large, with well-marked rim; zygomatic root is above upper alveolar line; zygoma is strongly arched; and braincase is low and elongated. Dorsally, rostrum widens posteriorly, paranasal recesses are inflated, postorbital foramen is absent, postorbital constriction is obvious, postorbital processes are thick and divergent, forehead looks like a shield, temporal lines are joined in sharp sagittal crest, and braincase is oval and elongated, ending in marked nuchal crest. Ventrally, palate is flat; tooth rows diverge; post-dental short and converging, without palatine spine; sphenoidal crest is low; and ectotympanic is very wide, especially anteriorly, and internally edged by ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandible is stout; symphysis slopes, continuing in a convex ventral border; coronoid slopes steeply, almost vertical, and tip is rounded; condyle is strong, above lower alveolar line; and angle is stout, with marked rim. There are 15-16 palatal ridges, with posterior and some anterior ridges divided. Upper incisors are small and crowded; I' is longest; C' is straight and proclivous, has well-developed vertical groove on its anteromedial surface and obvious cingulum and posterolateral basal cusp; P' is absent; next premolar (P?) is massive, stout, high-crowned, very wide, and square in outline; last premolar has anteromedial cingular ledge; and M' is more elongated and low crowned. Lower incisors are very small and spaced; C, is short, stout, and strongly decurved; P, is relatively large and wide; posterior cheekteeth are massive, changing from high-crowned triangular outline to very wide, square outline in last premolar, to more elongated, low-crowned M; and M,is peg-like. Habitat. Primary and regenerating montane and mossy rainforest at elevations of 260- 1680 m . The Philippine Large-headed Batis suspected to use subcanopy and canopy strata. Food and Feeding. The Philippine Large-headed Bat is primarily frugivorous, probably relying on figs ( Ficus spp. , Moraceae ) and hard fruits,judging from its robust skull and dentition. Breeding. A pregnant Philippine Large-headed Bat with one young was captured in May. Activity patterns. The few captures of Philippine Large-Headed Bats suggest that it uses open areas as flyways. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The [UCN Red List. The Philippine Largeheaded Bat was included under the Common Dayak Fruit Bat ( D. spadiceus ), which was classified as Near Threatened. Additional research is needed to evaluate conservation status of the Philippine Large-headed Bat, which is rare and infrequently captured. Present in some protected areas; e.g. Mount Kitanglad Range Nature Park (Mindanao). Bibliography. Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Heaney, Tabaranza et al. (2006), Helgen et al. (2007), Kock (1969a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Dyacopterus rickarti	Dyacopterus		rickarti	Helgen, Kock, Gomes & Ingle	2007	0	Journal of Mammalogy	88(2): 311	Phillippine Large-Headed Fruit Bat	None.	San Isidro, Luzon, Phillippines	Luzon and Mindanao (Phillippines)	Not listed.	Endangered		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Dyacopterus rickarti	23	Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat	Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	BALIONYCTERINI	Dyacopterus	NA	rickarti	K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & Sinaga	2007	0						"San Isidro (17Â°27'N, 120Â°37'E), Luzon (Abra Province), Philippines."	17.45	120.62	rickarti K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & Sinaga, 2007	recently described	Helgen, K. M., Kock, D., Gomez, R. K. S. C., Ingle, N. R., & Sinaga, M. H. (2007). Taxonomy and natural history of the Southeast Asian fruit-bat genus Dyacopterus. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(2), 302-318.	Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Dyacopterus_rickarti	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Dyacopterus rickarti	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Dyacopterus	rickarti	Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle &; Sinaga, 2007		100000000	Dyacopterus rickarti	Endangered	B2ab(iii)	2020	2019-05-27 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Dyacopterus rickarti is listed as Endangered under criterion B2ab(iii) as the species is restricted to a few mountain ranges on Mindanao Island and Northern Luzon, Philippines. Its population is highly fragmented and it is only known from seven captures in six locations (four in Mindanao and two in Luzon). Its area of occupancy is 36 kmÂ². There is also continuing loss in area, extent and quality of habitat in the mountains where it has been captured.	Before 2007, this species was initially categorized as Dyacopterus spadiceus , which is also found in neighboring Southeast Asian countries. Data from Helgen et al. (2007) showed differences from this species to that of other Dyacopterus species. Limited records for this species are from montane forest habitats generally above 1,000 m asl to 1,680 m asl, suggesting it is restricted relatively high elevations on montane to mossy forest. However, the Mt. Pangal capture in Northern Sierra Madre is the lowest elevation record for this species at 550 m asl and is characterized as a lower montane forest. Records from New Bataan and Mt. Mahuson and Mt. Apo National Park were from degraded habitats, which may indicate that this species can tolerate some level of disturbance. In Mt. Apo National Park, for example, this species was captured in a net placed in a cultivated area. More research needs to be done on distribution extent and ecological requirements of this species to determine specific conservation needs of this endemic fruit bat. If it is similar to Dyacopterus spadiceus , this species may require cave habitats.	The primary threats to the species is from past and ongoing forest habitat degradation and loss through the intrusion of agriculture, recreation/ecotourism, and rural communities into its known range. If the species is documented to use caves, like the similar Dyacopterus spadiceus , then we expect cave disturbance to be a significant threat as it is prevalent throughout the Philippines. While there are currently no records of hunting of this species, given its size, it is likely taken when other species are hunted in an area. More data are needed to ascertain the degree of threat from hunting.	Very little information is available about the population status for this species due to the limited data available. It is rarely captured, mostly at high elevations, and may be mistaken for similar species. More data are needed to determine population size and trends, and threats to this species.	Decreasing	Dyacopterus rickarti is a Philippine endemic species that has only been documented from seven (7) sites in six (6) locations, including Abra Province (550 m asl), Mt. Malibato, Opol, Misamis Oriental (altitude unrecorded), Mt. Kitanglad National Park, Sumilao, Bukidnon (1,450 m asl), Mt. Apo National Park, Davao City (1,185 m asl), Mt. Puting Bato, New Bataan, Compostela Valley (1,680 m asl), and Mt. Mahuson, Arakan Valley Conservation Area, Arakan, North Cotabato (1,260 m asl). Its area of occupancy (AOO) is 36 kmÂ². ;Additional information is needed to refine the understanding of the species distribution across the Philippines.		Terrestrial	The current distribution of this species is at relatively high elevations, 550 m asl and above, which are mostly forest areas protected under Philippine law. But with continued intrusion of agriculture, recreation/ecotourism, and communities, habitats of this species must be protected. More research is needed to determine distribution, population, abundance, ecological requirements, threats, conservation and management of this species.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Dyacopterus		rickarti	Helgen, Kock, Gomes & Ingle	2007	0	Journal of Mammalogy	88(2): 311	Phillippine Large-Headed Fruit Bat	None.	San Isidro, Luzon, Phillippines	Luzon and Mindanao (Phillippines)	Not listed.	Endangered		Dyacopterus rickarti	1004365	23	Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat	Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	BALIONYCTERINI	Dyacopterus	NA	rickarti	K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, & Ingle in K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & Sinaga	2007	0						"San Isidro (17Â°27'N, 120Â°37'E), Luzon (Abra Province), Philippines."	17.45	120.6167	rickarti K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, & Ingle in K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & Sinaga, 2007	recently described	Helgen, K. M., Kock, D., Gomez, R. K. S. C., Ingle, N. R., & Sinaga, M. H. (2007). Taxonomy and natural history of the Southeast Asian fruit-bat genus Dyacopterus. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(2), 302-318.				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Dyacopterus_rickarti	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Dyacopterus_rickarti	1004365	23	Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat	Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Balionycterini	Dyacopterus	NA	rickarti	K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, & Ingle in K. M. Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle, & M. H. Sinaga	0	Dyacopterus rickarti	Helgen, K.M., Kock, D., Gomez, R.K.S.C., Ingle, N.R. and Sinaga, M.H. 2007-04-20. Taxonomy and natural history of the Southeast Asian fruit-bat genus _Dyacopterus_. Journal of Mammalogy 88(2):302-318.	https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-276R.1	SMF:MAMM:33333	holotype		"San Isidro (17Â°27'N, 120Â°37'E), Luzon (Abra Province), Philippines."	17.45	120.6167	recently described	Helgen, K. M., Kock, D., Gomez, R. K. S. C., Ingle, N. R., & Sinaga, M. H. (2007). Taxonomy and natural history of the Southeast Asian fruit-bat genus Dyacopterus. Journal of Mammalogy, 88(2), 302-318.				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	EN	0	0	0	Dyacopterus_rickarti	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Dyacopterus		rickarti	Helgen, Kock, Gomez & Ingle	2007	0	Journal of Mammalogy	88(2): 311	Phillippine Large-Headed Fruit Bat	None.	San Isidro, Luzon, Phillippines	Luzon and Mindanao (Phillippines)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/84457541/95642280/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Dyacopterus rickarti; Dyacopterus rickarti; Dyacopterus rickarti; Dyacopterus rickarti; Dyacopterus rickarti; rickarti; Cynoptere de Rickart; Philippinen-Dayak-Flughund; Dyacoéptero de Rickart; Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat; Philippine Large-headed Fruit Bat; Rickart's Dayak Fruit Bat; Phillippine Large-Headed Fruit Bat; D. rickarti
