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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L242	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia minor		[MSW3] minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Cephalotes minor Dobson, 1879 , “Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea .” A record from Sulawesi , attributed to D. minor by Boeadi and W. Bergmans in 1987, might represent an incidental vagrant, an undescribed subspecies, or species based on generally larger teeth and longer lower tooth row. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [IUCN] The Sulawesi population likely represents an undescribed species or misidentification of another species and is not included in this account.; [batnames2023]  minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).														minor	The Sulawesi population likely represents an undescribed species or misidentification of another species and is not included in this account.			minor	minor			minor (Dobson, 1879)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lesser naked-backed bat	W New Guinea	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Dobsonia minor	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.	Dobson	1879	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878:875.	Distribution: Known from western and central New Guinea (including Yapen and Bagabag islands) as well as Celebes.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser naked-backed bat	C Sulawesi, C, W New Guinea; ref. 4.110, 113; K	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Dobson	1879	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878:875 [1879].		C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.		DOBSON	1878	Premolars and molars simple with no well marked antero-internal and posterior basal ledges and no surface ridges. Size very small (forearm length, 74-86 mm).	Distribution: Known from western and central New Guinea (including Yapen and Bagabag islands) as well as Celebes.	No subspecies.		28	species	D. minor	DOBSON	1878	Dobsonia	genus	Dobsonia minor				Premolars and molars simple with no well marked antero-internal and posterior basal ledges and no surface ridges. Size very small (forearm length, 74-86 mm).	No subspecies.		1. D. minor (DOBSON 1878) [minor group].	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia		minor	Dobson	y	1878	1879	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1878		875		Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.	C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Rare. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt).		minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03AD87FAFFF6F61889B63711F802FE61	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	108	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFF6F61889B63711F802FE61.xml	Dobsonia minor	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia	minor	Dobson	1879	Petite Roussette @fr | Kleiner Nacktrickenflughund @de | Dobsonia pequeno @es | Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat @en	Cephalotes minor Dobson, 1879 , “Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea .” A record from Sulawesi , attributed to D. minor by Boeadi and W. Bergmans in 1987, might represent an incidental vagrant, an undescribed subspecies, or species based on generally larger teeth and longer lower tooth row. Monotypic.	New Guinea including Yapen I, also on tiny Bagabag I offshore NE coast based on three skulls.	Head-body 102-135 mm , tail 5-28 mm , ear 13-22 mm , hindfoot 16-24 mm , forearm 78-92 mm ; weight 63-90 g . The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Batis the smallest species of Dobsonia . Fur is uniform dark brown. Semi-transparent brown flight membranes meet at midline of lower back. Fur underlies naked-backed part of wing membranes. Claws on thumbs and feet are dark brown. Index claw (second digit of wing) is absent. Ears are narrow and moderately long, and tips just barely touch if adpressed together. Nostrils are divergent and shortly tubular and extend slightly beyond snout. A shorttail is present and free of uropatagium. Uropatagium is narrow and runs length of legs, terminating at supporting calcar. Eyes are large, with brown irises. Dental formula for all species of Dobsoniais11/1,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 28. Incisors are minute, and I, (I, missing) require hand lens to see clearly. Canines are slender. P,, M, and M,, and P? are reduced in size. Premolars and molars are simple, lacking well-marked anterointernal and posterior basal ledges or surface ridges.	Primary and secondary forests, swamp forests, and village gardens from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 600 m . Roosting habitat usually is in forest understories.	The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous, and fig species including Ficus bernaysii and F hispidioides ( Moraceae ) are important dietary items. It regularly feeds on infructesences of the introduced invasive shrub Piper aduncum ( Piperaceae ), which since its World War II accidental introduction overgrows abandoned village gardens and along riverbanks in many areas of Papua New Guinea . It also eats papaya ( Carica papaya, Caricaceae ) in active village gardens.	Female Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats have one young per pregnancy. In northern New Guinea , pregnancy is not highly synchronized and has been recorded in January, April-June, and September; lactation in February and April; and volant young in August and December. Males with epididymides containing sperm have been found in June. This information suggests either asynchronous timing of reproduction or that there might be two annual birth periods in dry and wet seasons.	The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is nocturnal, with foraging activity confined to hours of darkness. During daylight, it roosts in foliage in closed-canopy forests, usually alone or females with dependent young. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) for adults averages 101% of that expected for a mammal with its body weight; however, volant young (mean body mass 49- 7 g ) have very low BMR, representing only 58% of that expected from body weight. A single, audible call note, described as a “high-pitched bleat,” is periodically made during flight, perhaps acting as a contact note to conspecifics.	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats roost alone. Individual bats used 1-3 roost trees/month during a radio-tracking study, none of which were more than 300 m apart. Males and females occupied home ranges of 1-4-9-4 ha (mean 5-1 ha, no significant difference by sex) when tracked up to a month. Maximum movements observed across home ranges was 1150 m . Individuals that were radio-tracked two or more times for up to 19 months during different seasons expanded or contracted foraging movements in response to spatialtemporal distribution of fruiting fig trees; however, these individuals continued to feed in core areas that included P. aduncum concentrations over their long seasonal fruiting periods. Physiological responses to environmental temperatures likely to be encountered in its foliage roosts include regulation of constant body temperature at a mean of 36-5°C, BMR near mammalian mass-specific standard (101% ofexpected), and minimal thermal conductance (103% of expected from body weight for a resting mammal) also near the mammalian standard. Maintenance of high body temperature should be important to foliage roosting Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats to allow instantaneous flight in response to many potential predators, notably a large number of arboreal pythons, tree boas, and brown tree snakes.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. While Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats occur at low densities throughout their large distribution, they are adaptable to disturbance and forest fragmentation of primary forest habitats in New Guinea due to logging and forage in secondary forests and patchwork subsistence gardens.	Bartholomew et al. (1970) | Bergmans & Sarbini (1985) | Boeadi & Bergmans (1987) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Bonaccorso et al. (2002) | Flannery (1995a, 1995b) | Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008d) | Koopman (1979) | McNab & Bonaccorso (2001)		82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat Dobsonia minor French: Petite Roussette / German: Kleiner Nacktrickenflughund / Spanish: Dobsonia pequeno Other common names: Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Cephalotes minor Dobson, 1879 , “Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea .” A record from Sulawesi , attributed to D. minor by Boeadi and W. Bergmans in 1987, might represent an incidental vagrant, an undescribed subspecies, or species based on generally larger teeth and longer lower tooth row. Monotypic. Distribution. New Guinea including Yapen I, also on tiny Bagabag I offshore NE coast based on three skulls. Descriptive notes. Head-body 102-135 mm , tail 5-28 mm , ear 13-22 mm , hindfoot 16-24 mm , forearm 78-92 mm ; weight 63-90 g . The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Batis the smallest species of Dobsonia . Fur is uniform dark brown. Semi-transparent brown flight membranes meet at midline of lower back. Fur underlies naked-backed part of wing membranes. Claws on thumbs and feet are dark brown. Index claw (second digit of wing) is absent. Ears are narrow and moderately long, and tips just barely touch if adpressed together. Nostrils are divergent and shortly tubular and extend slightly beyond snout. A shorttail is present and free of uropatagium. Uropatagium is narrow and runs length of legs, terminating at supporting calcar. Eyes are large, with brown irises. Dental formula for all species of Dobsoniais11/1,C1/1,P 2/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 28. Incisors are minute, and I, (I, missing) require hand lens to see clearly. Canines are slender. P,, M, and M,, and P? are reduced in size. Premolars and molars are simple, lacking well-marked anterointernal and posterior basal ledges or surface ridges. Habitat. Primary and secondary forests, swamp forests, and village gardens from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 600 m . Roosting habitat usually is in forest understories. Food and Feeding. The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous, and fig species including Ficus bernaysii and F hispidioides ( Moraceae ) are important dietary items. It regularly feeds on infructesences of the introduced invasive shrub Piper aduncum ( Piperaceae ), which since its World War II accidental introduction overgrows abandoned village gardens and along riverbanks in many areas of Papua New Guinea . It also eats papaya ( Carica papaya, Caricaceae ) in active village gardens. Breeding. Female Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats have one young per pregnancy. In northern New Guinea , pregnancy is not highly synchronized and has been recorded in January, April-June, and September; lactation in February and April; and volant young in August and December. Males with epididymides containing sperm have been found in June. This information suggests either asynchronous timing of reproduction or that there might be two annual birth periods in dry and wet seasons. Activity patterns. The Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat is nocturnal, with foraging activity confined to hours of darkness. During daylight, it roosts in foliage in closed-canopy forests, usually alone or females with dependent young. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) for adults averages 101% of that expected for a mammal with its body weight; however, volant young (mean body mass 49- 7 g ) have very low BMR, representing only 58% of that expected from body weight. A single, audible call note, described as a “high-pitched bleat,” is periodically made during flight, perhaps acting as a contact note to conspecifics. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats roost alone. Individual bats used 1-3 roost trees/month during a radio-tracking study, none of which were more than 300 m apart. Males and females occupied home ranges of 1-4-9-4 ha (mean 5-1 ha, no significant difference by sex) when tracked up to a month. Maximum movements observed across home ranges was 1150 m . Individuals that were radio-tracked two or more times for up to 19 months during different seasons expanded or contracted foraging movements in response to spatialtemporal distribution of fruiting fig trees; however, these individuals continued to feed in core areas that included P. aduncum concentrations over their long seasonal fruiting periods. Physiological responses to environmental temperatures likely to be encountered in its foliage roosts include regulation of constant body temperature at a mean of 36-5°C, BMR near mammalian mass-specific standard (101% ofexpected), and minimal thermal conductance (103% of expected from body weight for a resting mammal) also near the mammalian standard. Maintenance of high body temperature should be important to foliage roosting Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats to allow instantaneous flight in response to many potential predators, notably a large number of arboreal pythons, tree boas, and brown tree snakes. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. While Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bats occur at low densities throughout their large distribution, they are adaptable to disturbance and forest fragmentation of primary forest habitats in New Guinea due to logging and forage in secondary forests and patchwork subsistence gardens. Bibliography. Bartholomew et al. (1970), Bergmans & Sarbini (1985), Boeadi & Bergmans (1987), Bonaccorso (1998), Bonaccorso et al. (2002), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hutson, Suyanto, Helgen & Bonaccorso (2008d), Koopman (1979), McNab & Bonaccorso (2001).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia minor	Dobsonia		minor	Dobson	1879	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1892:35:00	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.	C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Dobsonia minor	23	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	HARPYIONYCTERINAE	DOBSONIINI	Dobsonia	NA	minor	Dobson	1879	1	Cephalotes_minor	Dobson, G. E. (1878). Notes on recent additions to the collection of Chiroptera in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris, with descriptions of new and rare species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 875.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/493/mode/1up	MNHN 1996-2118		"Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea."			minor (Dobson, 1879)	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_minor	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_minor	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	6770	Dobsonia minor	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Dobsonia	minor	(Dobson, 1879)	The Sulawesi population likely represents an undescribed species or misidentification of another species and is not included in this account.	20000000	Dobsonia minor	Least Concern		2020	2019-07-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, presumed occurrence in a number of protected areas, ability to live in degraded habitats, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	The Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat has been recorded from primary and secondary forest, swamp forest, and subsistence gardens. The species roosts amongst broad-leafed foliage, singly or in small groups, usually in the forest understory. Unlike many of its congeners, it has not been found in cave roosts. This is a frugivorous species, and has been recorded feeding on the introduced invasive Piper aduncum and figs Ficus spp. Near Madang, the Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat maintained small home ranges of around 5 ha that encompassed patches of P. aduncum and figs, and core usage areas shifted in response to the fruiting patterns of the figs within the home range (Bonaccorso et al. 2002). Females give birth to a single young, and some evidence suggests they may have two litters per year with probable birth peaks in January/February and June/July (Bonaccorso 1998).	There appear to be no major threats to this species.	The population trend is unknown but is likely stable. It is a common species. Bonaccorso (1998) considered it to be more abundant than previously thought because it chiefly roosts as scattered individuals (rather than in large colonies), and had a tendency to fly above the normal placement of mist nets. The species is caught frequently in canopy nets (T. Leary pers. comm.).	Unknown	This species ranges widely through the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), except montane regions, and is also present on Yapen Island, Indonesia (Bergmans and Sarbini 1985, Flannery 1995a, 1995b). A record from Sulawesi, Indonesia (Boeadi and Bergmans 1987), probably represents ; a misidentification of another species. It ranges from sea level up to 700 m asl (Helgen 2007).	Animals are not specifically targeted for hunting due to their small size.	Terrestrial	It occurs in a number of protected areas.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia		minor	Dobson	1879	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1892:35:00	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.	C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Dobsonia minor	1004398	23	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	HARPYIONYCTERINAE	DOBSONIINI	Dobsonia	NA	minor	Dobson	1879	1	Cephalotes_minor	Dobson, G. E. (1878). Notes on recent additions to the collection of Chiroptera in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris, with descriptions of new and rare species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 875.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/90451#page/493/mode/1up	MNHN 1996-2118		"Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea."			minor (Dobson, 1879)	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_minor	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_minor	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Dobsonia_minor	1004398	23	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Harpyionycterinae	Dobsoniini	Dobsonia	NA	minor	Dobson	1	Cephalotes minor	Dobson, G.E. 1879-04. Notes on recent additions to the collection of Chiroptera in the MusÃ©um d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris, with descriptions of new and rare species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1878(4):873-883.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28519583	MNHN-ZM-MO-1996-2118	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1996-2118	"Amberbaki, [north-west] New Guinea."			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_minor	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_minor	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia		minor	Dobson	1879	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1892:35:00	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Prov. of Papua, Manokwari Div., Amberbaki.	C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6770/22034445/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Dobsonia minor; Dobsonia minor; Dobsonia minor; Dobsonia minor; Dobsonia minor; Dobsonia minor; minor; Petite Roussette; Kleiner Nacktrickenflughund; Dobsonia pequeno; Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat; Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat; Lesser Bare-backed Fruit Bat; Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat; Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat; D. minor
