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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L239	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia exoleta		[MSW3] moluccensis species group. May include chapmani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Dobsonia exoleta K. Andersen, 1909 , “Tomohon, Minahassa,” Sulawesi Island, Indonesia . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  moluccensis species group. May include chapmani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).; [batnames2023]  moluccensis species group. May include chapmani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).; [batnames2025_1.7] moluccensis species group. May include chapmani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).														exoleta				exoleta	exoleta			exoleta Andersen, 1909		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Celebes naked-backed bat	Celebes	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Dobsonia exoleta	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.	K. Andersen	1909	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 4:533.	Distribution: Known only from Celebes and the nearby Togian islands.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Sulawesi naked-backed bat	Sulawesi	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	K. Andersen	1909	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 4:533.		Sulawesi and adjacent small islands.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.		ANDERSEN	1909	Size small for group (forearm length, 105-125 mm; total length of skull, 46-55 mm; maxillary tooth row length 19-23 mm). Surface ridge present on first lower molar. Forehead rela tively flat. Maxillary dentition relatively heavy.	Distribution: Known only from Celebes and the nearby Togian islands.	No subspecies.		28	species	D. exoleta	ANDERSEN	1909	Dobsonia	genus	Dobsonia exoleta				Size small for group (forearm length, 105-125 mm; total length of skull, 46-55 mm; maxillary tooth row length 19-23 mm). Surface ridge present on first lower molar. Forehead rela tively flat. Maxillary dentition relatively heavy.	No subspecies.		3. D. exoleta ANDERSEN 1909 [moluccensis group].	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia		exoleta	K. Andersen		1909		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8	4		531, 533		Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.	Sulawesi, Muna Togian Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – No Data. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt).		moluccensis species group. May include chapmani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995b).	03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	111	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFF1F61F896831BBFD60F3B8.xml	Dobsonia exoleta	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia	exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	Roussette de Minahasa @fr | Sulawesi-Nacktrlickenflughund @de | Dobsonia de Célebes @es	Dobsonia exoleta K. Andersen, 1909 , “Tomohon, Minahassa,” Sulawesi Island, Indonesia . This species is monotypic.	Sulawesi (including Togian and Muna Is) and Sula Is (Mangole, Sanana); it probably occurs on all of Togian Isand possibly occurs on Buton I.	Head-body 150- 182 mm , tail 23-34 mm , ear 21-28 mm , hindfoot 28-41 mm , forearm 105- 124 mm ; weight 162-275 g . Greatest skull lengths are 46-1-54- 6 mm . Head of the Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat is blackish brown; venter is bright yellow. Nape of neck and underside of wings have amber or dark olive-green hairs. Most body fur has greenish wash. Wings attach along midline of back with underlying fur. Short tail is free of narrow uropatagium that runs along legs to shortstiff calcars. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Anterointernal corner of I is undifferentiated. Baculum is V-shaped, pointed at distal end; point is broad and thickened; and legs of proximal end are broad, flat, and curve downward.	Primary lowland forest and disturbed habitats. The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat can tolerate being commensal with humans.	The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous. It likely feeds on native figs and will feed on ripe breadfruit ( Artocarpus communis, Moraceae ) growing in village gardens.	Female Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats in third trimester of pregnancy were reported in April, and synchronized parturition is reported in May. Adult males have large descended testes in January-April. Young volant individuals have been observed in November—February and April-August on Sulawesi , suggesting two birth peaks/year.	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats are nocturnal and roost in limestone caves.	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats are gregarious and form colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Batis relatively widespread and common, often occurring in association with humans, and it faces no major threats, although hunting for food might contribute to some localized declines.	Bergmans & Sarbini (1985) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | De Jong & Bergmans (1981) | Flannery (1995a) | Hill (1983) | Hutson, Helgen, Kingston & Sinaga (2008)		89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat Dobsonia exoleta French: Roussette de Minahasa / German: Sulawesi-Nacktrlickenflughund / Spanish: Dobsonia de Célebes Taxonomy. Dobsonia exoleta K. Andersen, 1909 , “Tomohon, Minahassa,” Sulawesi Island, Indonesia . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Sulawesi (including Togian and Muna Is) and Sula Is (Mangole, Sanana); it probably occurs on all of Togian Isand possibly occurs on Buton I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 150- 182 mm , tail 23-34 mm , ear 21-28 mm , hindfoot 28-41 mm , forearm 105- 124 mm ; weight 162-275 g . Greatest skull lengths are 46-1-54- 6 mm . Head of the Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat is blackish brown; venter is bright yellow. Nape of neck and underside of wings have amber or dark olive-green hairs. Most body fur has greenish wash. Wings attach along midline of back with underlying fur. Short tail is free of narrow uropatagium that runs along legs to shortstiff calcars. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Anterointernal corner of I is undifferentiated. Baculum is V-shaped, pointed at distal end; point is broad and thickened; and legs of proximal end are broad, flat, and curve downward. Habitat. Primary lowland forest and disturbed habitats. The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat can tolerate being commensal with humans. Food and Feeding. The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat is frugivorous. It likely feeds on native figs and will feed on ripe breadfruit ( Artocarpus communis, Moraceae ) growing in village gardens. Breeding. Female Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats in third trimester of pregnancy were reported in April, and synchronized parturition is reported in May. Adult males have large descended testes in January-April. Young volant individuals have been observed in November—February and April-August on Sulawesi , suggesting two birth peaks/year. Activity patterns. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats are nocturnal and roost in limestone caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bats are gregarious and form colonies of hundreds to thousands of individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Batis relatively widespread and common, often occurring in association with humans, and it faces no major threats, although hunting for food might contribute to some localized declines. Bibliography. Bergmans & Sarbini (1985), Corbet & Hill (1992), De Jong & Bergmans (1981), Flannery (1995a), Hill (1983), Hutson, Helgen, Kingston & Sinaga (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia exoleta	Dobsonia		exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 4: 531, 533	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.	Sulawesi, Muna Togian Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 moluccensis species group. May include chapmani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Dobsonia exoleta	23	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	HARPYIONYCTERINAE	DOBSONIINI	Dobsonia	NA	exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	0						"Tomohon, Minahassa," Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.			exoleta K. Andersen, 1909	NA	NA	Indonesia	Asia	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	6775	Dobsonia exoleta	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Dobsonia	exoleta	K. Andersen, 1909		20000000	Dobsonia exoleta	Least Concern		2019	2019-07-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species is relatively widespread and common, often occurring in association with humans, and there are no major threats to the species, although hunting for food may contribute to some localized declines.	It inhabits primary and disturbed habitats. This species is commensal with humans. It roosts in caves and lives in small to medium colonies.	There are no major threats to this species throughout its range. Hunting of this species in caves may cause some localised declines, but is not considered a major threat at present.	This species is common and widespread throughout its range.	Unknown	This species is found in Indonesia, and has been recorded from Sulawesi, Muna, Mangole, Sanana, Malenga (and probably on all the Togians Islands). It is also possibly found on Buton Island, according to genetic evidence (T. Kingston pers. comm.).		Terrestrial	This species is found in a number of protected areas throughout its range.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia		exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 4: 531, 533	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.	Sulawesi, Muna Togian Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 moluccensis species group. May include chapmani ; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).	Dobsonia exoleta	1004396	23	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	HARPYIONYCTERINAE	DOBSONIINI	Dobsonia	NA	exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	0						"Tomohon, Minahassa," Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.			exoleta K. Andersen, 1909	NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Dobsonia_exoleta	1004396	23	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Harpyionycterinae	Dobsoniini	Dobsonia	NA	exoleta	Andersen	0	Dobsonia exoleta	Andersen, K.C. 1909-12-01. On the fruit-bats of the genus _Dobsonia_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)4(24):528-536.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22097912	BMNH:Mamm:1899.10.1.4	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3596b6d8-0b31-4794-93db-daab5ae42ca6	"Tomohon, Minahassa," Sulawesi Island, Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	sciname match	Dobsonia_exoleta	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Dobsonia		exoleta	K. Andersen	1909	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 4: 531, 533	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahassa, Tomohon.	Sulawesi, Muna Togian Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6775/22034230/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	moluccensis species group. May include chapmani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Dobsonia exoleta; Dobsonia exoleta; Dobsonia exoleta; Dobsonia exoleta; Dobsonia exoleta; Dobsonia exoleta; exoleta; Roussette de Minahasa; Sulawesi-Nacktrlickenflughund; Dobsonia de Célebes; Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat; Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat; Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat; D. exoleta