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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L233	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla ecaudata		[MSW2] See Greenhall et al. (1984, Mammalian Species, 227).; [MSW3] See Greenhall et al. (1984).; [HMW] Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 , “ Brasil .” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio San Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] See Greenhall et al. (1984).; [batnames2023] See Greenhall et al. (1984).; [batnames2025_1.7] See Greenhall et al. (1984).						centralis, diphylla.			centralis, diphylla	ecaudata, centralis		ecaudata 	ecaudata - centralis, diphylla	ecaudata, diphylla, centralis		ecaudata 	ecaudata - centralis, diphylla	ecaudata, diphylla, centralis	ecaudata, diphylla, centralis	ecaudata 	ecaudata - centralis, diphylla	ecaudata von Spix, 1823|diphylla (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [nomen novum]|centralis O. Thomas, 1903		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hairy-legged vampire bat	S Texas – E Peru, S Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Diphylla ecaudata	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River.	Spix	1823	Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 68.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hairy-legged vampire bat	S Texas – E Peru, S Brazil	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Spix	1823	Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 68.	See Greenhall et al. (1984, Mammalian Species, 227).	S Texas (USA) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and E Brazil.	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River.		SPIX	1823	Size fairly large (forearm length, 53-57 mm; condylobasal length, 19-21 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies here recognized.		94	species	D. ecaudata	SPIX	1823	Diphylla	genus	Diphylla ecaudata				Size fairly large (forearm length, 53-57 mm; condylobasal length, 19-21 mm).	No subspecies here recognized.		1. D. ecaudata SPIX 1823.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Desmodontinae		Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla		ecaudata	Spix		1823		Sim. Vespert. Brasil.			68		Hairy-legged Vampire Bat	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River.	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and E Brazil; a single vagrant individual has also been reported from S Texas (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	centralis Thomas, 1903; diphylla Fischer, 1829.	See Greenhall et al. (1984).	03A687BCFFBDFFBC168CF69BFD5AF1E1	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	496	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFBDFFBC168CF69BFD5AF1E1.xml	Diphylla ecaudata	Phyllostomidae	Diphylla	ecaudata	Spix	1823	Vampire a pattes velues @fr | Kammzahnvampir @de | Vampirode patas peludas @es	Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 , “ Brasil .” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio San Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized.	D.e.ecaudataSpix,1823—Colombia,NVenezuela,Ecuador,Peru,Brazil(exceptCAmazonBasin),andNBolivia. D. e. centralis Thomas, 1903 — from S Texas ( USA ) S through E Mexico and Central America to Panama .	Head—body 65-93 mm (tailless), ear 14-19 mm, forearm 49-56 mm; weight 20-43 g. Subspecies are indistinguishable and separated by distribution. The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is smaller than other species of vampire bats. Ears are wider, face is shorter, and eyes are larger. Tail membrane is reduced. Tibias, forearms, and reduced uropatagium are covered with abundant hair, which is longer and finer than on other species of the Desmodontinae subfamily. Dorsum is brown, and venteris a little paler. Noseleafis reduced to mere rounded bulge, and lower lip is cleft. Calcars are short but well formed, and thumbs are short, without metacarpal pads. Dental formula is12/2,G1/1,P 1/2, M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 26. I , have four lobes, and distinctive I, are broad, fan-shaped, and seven-lobed. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 52.	Tropical and subtropical forests.	The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat prefers to feed on avian blood and rarely feeds on mammalian blood. Its short, stout calcar aids in arboreal locomotion. It makes wounds mostly on legs or in cloacal region. In captivity, it is altruistic, sharing food by regurgitation similar to that of the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ).	A pregnant Hairy-legged Vampire Bat with one embryo was found in September in Bolivia , and juveniles and subadults can be found in October. Breeding season might be well defined in parts of its distribution, but apparently it has two birth periods not related to seasonality, with reports of pregnant females giving birth to single offspring in February-March, July, and September—October.	The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is nocturnal and seeks food in the darkest period of the night, depending on environmental factors such as moonlight, rain, and strong winds.	Although Hairy-legged Vampire Bats form colonies of up to 70 individuals, they are not gregarious and usually occur in groups of 3-4 individuals. They occur in caves or crevices and very rarely in holes of trees; roosts can be shared with other species of bats including other species of vampire bats.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Baker (1973) | Baker et al. (1988) | Bredt et al. (1999) | Burt & Stirton (1961) | Dalquest (1955) | Greenhall et al. (1984) | Hall (1981) | Kwon & Gardner (2008) | Sampaio et al. (2016a) | Scheffer et al. (2015) | Siles et al. (2003) | Teran & Aguirre (2007b) | Wilson (1979)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458636/files/figure.png	17. Hairy-legged Vampire Bat Diphylla ecaudata French: Vampire a pattes velues / German: Kammzahnvampir / Spanish: Vampiro de patas peludas Taxonomy. Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823 , “ Brasil .” Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Rio San Francisco, Bahia , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. D.e.ecaudataSpix,1823—Colombia,NVenezuela,Ecuador,Peru,Brazil(exceptCAmazonBasin),andNBolivia. D. e. centralis Thomas, 1903 — from S Texas ( USA ) S through E Mexico and Central America to Panama . Descriptive notes. Head—body 65-93 mm (tailless), ear 14-19 mm, forearm 49-56 mm; weight 20-43 g. Subspecies are indistinguishable and separated by distribution. The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is smaller than other species of vampire bats. Ears are wider, face is shorter, and eyes are larger. Tail membrane is reduced. Tibias, forearms, and reduced uropatagium are covered with abundant hair, which is longer and finer than on other species of the Desmodontinae subfamily. Dorsum is brown, and venteris a little paler. Noseleafis reduced to mere rounded bulge, and lower lip is cleft. Calcars are short but well formed, and thumbs are short, without metacarpal pads. Dental formula is12/2,G1/1,P 1/2, M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 26. I , have four lobes, and distinctive I, are broad, fan-shaped, and seven-lobed. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 52. Habitat. Tropical and subtropical forests. Food and Feeding. The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat prefers to feed on avian blood and rarely feeds on mammalian blood. Its short, stout calcar aids in arboreal locomotion. It makes wounds mostly on legs or in cloacal region. In captivity, it is altruistic, sharing food by regurgitation similar to that of the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ). Breeding. A pregnant Hairy-legged Vampire Bat with one embryo was found in September in Bolivia , and juveniles and subadults can be found in October. Breeding season might be well defined in parts of its distribution, but apparently it has two birth periods not related to seasonality, with reports of pregnant females giving birth to single offspring in February-March, July, and September—October. Activity patterns. The Hairy-legged Vampire Bat is nocturnal and seeks food in the darkest period of the night, depending on environmental factors such as moonlight, rain, and strong winds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Although Hairy-legged Vampire Bats form colonies of up to 70 individuals, they are not gregarious and usually occur in groups of 3-4 individuals. They occur in caves or crevices and very rarely in holes of trees; roosts can be shared with other species of bats including other species of vampire bats. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Baker (1973), Baker et al. (1988), Bredt et al. (1999), Burt & Stirton (1961), Dalquest (1955), Greenhall et al. (1984), Hall (1981), Kwon & Gardner (2008), Sampaio et al. (2016a), Scheffer et al. (2015), Siles et al. (2003), Teran & Aguirre (2007b), Wilson (1979).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Diphylla ecaudata	Diphylla		ecaudata	Spix	1823	0	Sim. Vespert. Brasil	p.68	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat	 centralis Thomas, 1903; diphylla Fischer, 1939	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; a single vagrant individual has also been reported from S Texas (USA)	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Greenhall et al. (1984).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Diphylla ecaudata	23	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	DESMODONTINAE	DIPHYLLINI	Diphylla	NA	ecaudata	Spix	1823	0						"Brasil." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Río San Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			ecaudata Spix, 1823|diphylla (J. B. Fischer, 1829)|centralis O. Thomas, 1903	NA	NA	United States?|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	sciname match	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	6628	Diphylla ecaudata	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Diphylla	ecaudata	Spix, 1823		20000000	Diphylla ecaudata	Least Concern		2016	2016-07-05 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern as it is widespread, relatively tolerant to a range of habitats, and is unlikely to be declining rapidly enough to qualify under a more threatened category.	Found in all types of forest, mainly at low elevations. Roosts in caves and mines, rarely in hollow trees. Individuals are well spaced in the roost, and group size is usually small, although a group of more than 500 was found in a cave in Puebla, Mexico, where numbers were much reduced in January, perhaps indicating seasonal movements or migration. Avian blood may predominate in the diet of wild individuals, although cattle are occasionally exploited. Unlike other vampires, this attractive bat is gentle and easy to handle. Reproduction occurs year around (Reid 2009). Also occurs in open areas (Aguiar pers. comm.).	There are no major threats throughout its range. There are vampire control programs.	This species is uncommon and local, but widespread (Emmons and Feer 1997). They roost either alone or in small groups of 12 or less, rarely numbering over 40 to ;50 individuals (Uieda 1987). In one study, D. ecaudata was observed to be more solitary and did not gather into groups when in the presence of other bats in a cave. They have a structured society in which they build strong social bonds with other bats in the colony. Very rare in Belize (Miller pers. comm.).	Stable	This species ranges from Southern Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (except the central Amazon basin); a single vagrant individual has also been reported from Southern Texas, USA (Simmons 2005). Its altitudinal range goes from lowlands to 1,900 m (Reid 2009).		Terrestrial	Further surveys are needed in the Amazon region to confirm the species presence or absence. As for other vampire species, education programs about vampire and rabies control programs are required. The species should be excluded from vampire control programs.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Diphylla		ecaudata	Spix	1823	0	Sim. Vespert. Brasil	p.68	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat	 centralis Thomas, 1903; diphylla Fischer, 1939	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; a single vagrant individual has also been reported from S Texas (USA)	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Greenhall et al. (1984).	Diphylla ecaudata	1004882	23	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	DESMODONTINAE	DIPHYLLINI	Diphylla	NA	ecaudata	Spix	1823	0						"Brasil." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Río San Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			ecaudata Spix, 1823|diphylla (J. B. Fischer, 1829)|centralis O. Thomas, 1903	NA	NA			USA(TX?)	United States?|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	sciname match	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Diphylla_ecaudata	1004882	23	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Desmodontinae	Diphyllini	Diphylla	NA	ecaudata	von Spix	0	Diphylla ecaudata	Spix, J.B. von. 1823. Simiarum et vespertilionum brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de singes et de chauves-souris observées et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'intérieur du Brésil exécuté par ordre de S. M. le roi de Bavière dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Franciscus Seraphicus Hübschmann, Munich, 72 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57826997	lost (number not known)	nonexistent		"Brasil." Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1958 to Río San Francisco, Bahia, Brazil.			NA	NA			USA(TX?)	United States?|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Brazil	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	sciname match	Diphylla_ecaudata	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Diphylla		ecaudata	Spix	1823	0	Sim. Vespert. Brasil	p.68	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat	centralis Thomas, 1903; diphylla Fischer, 1939	Brazil, Bahia, San Francisco River	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; a single vagrant individual has also been reported from S Texas (USA)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6628/22040157/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Greenhall et al. (1984).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Diphylla ecaudata; Diphylla ecaudata; Diphylla ecaudata; Diphylla ecaudata; Diphylla ecaudata; Diphylla ecaudata; centralis; diphylla; ecaudata; centralis; centralis; diphylla; ecaudata; diphylla; centralis; Vampire a pattes velues; Kammzahnvampir; Vampirode patas peludas; Hairy-legged Vampire Bat; Hairy-legged Vampire Bat; Hairy-legged Vampire Bat; D. ecaudata