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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L23	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Pipistrellus javanicus [synonym of]	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus javanicus [synonym of]	Pipistrellus javanicus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus abramus	Alionoctula abramus		[MSW3] Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus, but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) and Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).; [HMW] Vespertilio abramus Temminck, 1840 , “les environs de Nagasaki ,” Kyushu, Japan . Pipistrellus abramus is in the Eastern clade of Pipistrellus , but its exact relationship to other members of this clade is uncertain because very few species from Asia have been sequenced. Pipistrellus abramus has been included as a subspecies of P. javanicus but is clearly distinct based on morphology and karyotype. There is high genetic divergence among populations on Hainan Island and mainland China . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Pipistrellus . Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus , but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus ; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).; [IUCN] Koopman (1993) treats this as a synonym under P. javanicus , but this is not followed by others.; [batnames2023] Subgenus Pipistrellus . Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus , but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus ; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus, but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Pipistrellus to Alionoctula									akokomuli, irretitus, pomiloides, pumiloides			abramus 	abramus - akokomuli, irretitus, pomiloides, pumiloides	abramus, akokomuli, irretitus, pumiloides, pomiloides	Koopman (1993) treats this as a synonym under P. javanicus , but this is not followed by others.	abramus 	abramus - akokomuli, irretitus, pomiloides, pumiloides	abramus, akokomuli, irretitus, pumiloides, pomiloides	abramus, akokomuli, irretitus, akakomuli, irroritus, pumiloides, pomiloides	abramus 	abramus - akokomuli, irretitus, pomiloides, pumiloides	abramus (Temminck, 1840)|akokomuli (Temminck, 1840)|irretita (Cantor, 1842)|akakomuli (Temminck, 1843) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|irroritus (E. L. Layard, 1851) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|pumiloides (Tomes, 1857)|sinensis (Fitzinger, 1861) [nomen nudum]|akokomale (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|abrama (Schulze, 1897) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|pomiloides (Mell, 1922) [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A							Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		E Siberia – Vietnam, Taiwan; ref. 4.123																															NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	abramus	Temminck	y	1838		Mongr. Mamm.	Tome 2		232		Japanese Pipistrelle	Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki.	S Ussuri region (Russia and China), Taiwan, S and C Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, India.	IUCN 2003 – Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	akokomuli Temminck 1838; irretitus Cantor, 1842; pomiloides, Mell, 1922; pumiloides Tomes, 1857.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus, but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) and Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).	4C3D87E8FFE86A50FA859A8319A5BF80	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	777	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFE86A50FA859A8319A5BF80.xml	Pipistrellus abramus	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus	abramus		1840	Pipistrelle abramusi @fr | Japan-Zwergfledermaus @de | Pipistrelajaponesa @es | Japanese House Bat @en	Vespertilio abramus Temminck, 1840 , “les environs de Nagasaki ,” Kyushu, Japan . Pipistrellus abramus is in the Eastern clade of Pipistrellus , but its exact relationship to other members of this clade is uncertain because very few species from Asia have been sequenced. Pipistrellus abramus has been included as a subspecies of P. javanicus but is clearly distinct based on morphology and karyotype. There is high genetic divergence among populations on Hainan Island and mainland China . Monotypic.	SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea , Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China , Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar , N Laos , N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India ( Uttar Pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh , and Andhra Pradesh ); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation.	Head-body 38-60 mm, tail 27-45 mm, ear 8-13 mm, hindfoot 6-10 mm, forearm 29-36 mm; weight 3-8-5-8 g. Dorsum ofthe Japanese Pipistrelle is grayish olive to grayish brown, with slightly frosted appearance; venter is light grayish brown; and young are darker than adults. Ears are thin, dark, and rounded at tips; tragus is barely one-half the height of ear. Wings and uropatagium are dark, and uropatagium extends nearly to end oftail (only extreme tip is free). Baculum is very long (exceeding 9 mm ) and S-shaped, similar to that of Mount Popa Pipistrelle ( P. paterculus ), but thinner and more sinuous. Skull is very wide; zygomatic arches are slender; rostrum is wide and flat; braincase is barely inflated or convex above frontal region; palate is narrower than in the Javan Pipistrelle ( P. javanicus ); I’ is more than one-half as high as I’, and both upper incisors are bicuspid; C' is strong, with weak secondary cusp; P? is visible and within tooth row; upper molars are less robust than in the Javan Pipistrelle; and lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 44.	Favoring disturbed habitats and avoiding montane regions and forests, the Japanese Pipistrelle is often associated with houses and buildings. Its preferences in non-anthropogenic habitats are uncertain and difficult to establish because it is most common in anthropogenic habitats. It often forages for insects under streetlights.	Japanese Pipistrelles eat various insects depending on area and season. In urban areas of Fukuoka , southern Japan , they eat Lepidoptera , Diptera , and Hemiptera , butin ricefields in Kyoto prefecture , central Japan , they eat Diptera , Hemiptera , and Hymenoptera . Diet reportedly change throughout the year in Japan ; main prey changes from Coleoptera in July to Diptera in October in Fukuoka prefecture and from Diptera in June to Hemiptera in September in Kyoto prefecture .	Japanese Pipistrelles are seasonally monoestrous, with delayed fertilization after copulation. In Japan , mating season begins in October, but spermatogenesis has been observed as early as September. Copulation occurs in October, but sperm is stored in the uterus and oviduct. Fertilization does not occur until ovulation occurs after females awake from hibernation. Gestation lasts ¢.70 days, and littersize is 2—4 young (mean 2-6-3 young). At birth, young weigh 0-86 g. They open their eyes at 8-9 days old and are completely furred with black hair at 14 days. Young become volant after 25-30 days. First curve of baculum starts developing after ten days and second at ¢.34 days. Baculum is completely developed after 110 days (also when testes are mature). Young reach adult size in about late August. During their first year, females enter estrus and mate in their natal colony. Rate of disappearance after weaning to one year of age is 18-29% for females and 85-96% for males. Oldest individuals have been five-year-old females and three-year-old males; malestypically do not live more than ten months, whereas females often live much longer. Female mortality rate is relatively low at 1-3 years of age but increases at 4-5 years. Male mortality always seems to be higher than females, but reasons forthis are uncertain.	Japanese Pipistrelles begin foraging 10-30 minutes after sunset in summer, with major peak in activity soon after sunset and minor peak just before sunrise in May-August. In October, foraging was recorded only after sunset, probably because of cooler temperatures through the night. Emergence time changes based on energy consumption and needs at specific life stages, ambient temperatures, and abundance of insect prey. When ambient temperatures were lower than 15°C in Fukuoka prefecture and lower than 12°C in Kagawa prefecture , individuals rarely emerged. Japanese Pipistrelles enter hibernation for winter at some point from late October to November and remain in hibernation until March. Body weight increases from summerto late autumn before hibernation by an average of 30-6% in females and 29-2% in males. During hibernation, weights decrease: 21:3-25-3% in adult females, 20-26% in yearling females, and 24-3-27-1% or 32% in yearling males. Japanese Pipistrelles roost primarily in anthropogenic settings, including narrow spaces in buildings, under rooftiles, parapet caps, small roof covers over windows, inside sliding wings, and under bridges. There are also a few reports of roosts in caves and nests of red-rumped swallows (Cecropis daurica). Call shape is FM/QCF in search phase and FM in scanning phase (or in back-cluttered space). Average peak frequencies were 43-4 kHz in Hokkaido prefecture and 42-9 kHz in Kanagawa prefecture , and peak frequencies of 42-5-52 kHz were recorded in Kagoshima prefecture . End frequencies were recorded at 43-3—45-2 kHz in Kagoshima and 40-43 kHz (mean of 41-2 kHz) in Kyoto prefecture . The besra (Accipiter virgatus) and the peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus) prey on Japanese Pipistrelles.	Japanese Pipistrelles do not often move between roosts, even during mating season, and stay in the same roost throughout much of their lives. Make-up of colonies, however, does change throughout the year. In September and late October when mating begins, a colony had males and females, with sex ratio of 1:1. After hibernation, colonies have all or mostly females (July). In late August, adult females and young roost together, without adult males. Males might be more mobile than females and switch between roosting localities more, but lack of males in maternity colonies might also be due to higher mortality of males. Colonies are generally small (1-26 individuals in Tokyo and 4-36 individuals in Fukuoka prefecture ) before young fly, but colony of more than 100 individuals have been found in some cases. After young fly, colony size seems to increase (1-61 in Tokyo and 11-27 in Fukuoka and Kagawa prefectures).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Japanese Pipistrelle is common throughout its distribution and in disturbed and urban environments. People commonly encounter them because they roost in buildings and other man-made structures.	Abe et al. (2005) | Ando et al. (1987) | Bates & Tsytsulina (2008) | Bates et al. (2005) | Chung Chul-Un, Han Sang-Hoon & Lee Chong-ll (2010) | Chung Chul-Un, Han Sang-Hoon, Lim Chun-Woo etal. (2010) | Das & Sinha (1995) | Francis (2008a) | Fujioka, Aihara et al. (2014) | Fujioka, Mantani et al. (2011) | Fukui et al. (2003) | Funakoshi & Uchida (1978a, 1982) | Funakoshi, Katahira & Ikeda (2009) | Gopalakrishna & Madhavan (1971) | Goto et al. (2010) | Hendrichsen, Bates, Hayes & Walston (2001) | Hill & Harrison (1987) | Hirai & Kimura (2004) | Hiraiwa & Uchida (1955, 1956) | Hiryu, Hagino, Fujioka et al. (2008) | Hiryu, Hagino, Riguimaroux & Watanabe (2007) | Horacek et al. (2000) | Huang Wenji & Huang Xing (1982) | Kruskop (2013a) | Kumada et al. (1978) | Lee Lingling (1995) | Lee Yafu & Lee Lingling (2005) | Lin Liangkong, Motokawa & Harada (2002b) | Luo Feng etal. (2007) | Mori & Uchida (1974) | Morii (1980) | Obara et al. (1976) | Ohdachi et al. (2009) | Racey & Potts (1970) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Srinivasulu et al. (2011) | Takahashi et al. (2014) | Takayama (1959) | Tiunov (1997) | Tokita (2006) | Uchida et al. (1988) | Wang Yingxiang (1982) | Wei Li et al. (2010) | Wu Yi, Harada & Li Yanhong (2004) | Wu Yi, Motokawa et al. (2009) | Yamada et al. (1988) | Yasui et al. (1997) | Yoshiyuki (1989)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397840/files/figure.png	33. Japanese Pipistrelle Pipistrellus abramus French: Pipistrelle abramusi / German: Japan-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Pipistrela japonesa Other common names: Japanese House Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio abramus Temminck, 1840 , “les environs de Nagasaki ,” Kyushu, Japan . Pipistrellus abramus is in the Eastern clade of Pipistrellus , but its exact relationship to other members of this clade is uncertain because very few species from Asia have been sequenced. Pipistrellus abramus has been included as a subspecies of P. javanicus but is clearly distinct based on morphology and karyotype. There is high genetic divergence among populations on Hainan Island and mainland China . Monotypic. Distribution. SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea , Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China , Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar , N Laos , N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India ( Uttar Pradesh , Arunachal Pradesh , and Andhra Pradesh ); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation. Descriptive notes. Head-body 38-60 mm, tail 27-45 mm, ear 8-13 mm, hindfoot 6-10 mm, forearm 29-36 mm; weight 3-8-5-8 g. Dorsum ofthe Japanese Pipistrelle is grayish olive to grayish brown, with slightly frosted appearance; venter is light grayish brown; and young are darker than adults. Ears are thin, dark, and rounded at tips; tragus is barely one-half the height of ear. Wings and uropatagium are dark, and uropatagium extends nearly to end oftail (only extreme tip is free). Baculum is very long (exceeding 9 mm ) and S-shaped, similar to that of Mount Popa Pipistrelle ( P. paterculus ), but thinner and more sinuous. Skull is very wide; zygomatic arches are slender; rostrum is wide and flat; braincase is barely inflated or convex above frontal region; palate is narrower than in the Javan Pipistrelle ( P. javanicus ); I’ is more than one-half as high as I’, and both upper incisors are bicuspid; C' is strong, with weak secondary cusp; P? is visible and within tooth row; upper molars are less robust than in the Javan Pipistrelle; and lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 44. Habitat. Favoring disturbed habitats and avoiding montane regions and forests, the Japanese Pipistrelle is often associated with houses and buildings. Its preferences in non-anthropogenic habitats are uncertain and difficult to establish because it is most common in anthropogenic habitats. It often forages for insects under streetlights. Food and Feeding. Japanese Pipistrelles eat various insects depending on area and season. In urban areas of Fukuoka , southern Japan , they eat Lepidoptera , Diptera , and Hemiptera , butin ricefields in Kyoto prefecture , central Japan , they eat Diptera , Hemiptera , and Hymenoptera . Diet reportedly change throughout the year in Japan ; main prey changes from Coleoptera in July to Diptera in October in Fukuoka prefecture and from Diptera in June to Hemiptera in September in Kyoto prefecture . Breeding. Japanese Pipistrelles are seasonally monoestrous, with delayed fertilization after copulation. In Japan , mating season begins in October, but spermatogenesis has been observed as early as September. Copulation occurs in October, but sperm is stored in the uterus and oviduct. Fertilization does not occur until ovulation occurs after females awake from hibernation. Gestation lasts ¢.70 days, and littersize is 2—4 young (mean 2-6-3 young). At birth, young weigh 0-86 g. They open their eyes at 8-9 days old and are completely furred with black hair at 14 days. Young become volant after 25-30 days. First curve of baculum starts developing after ten days and second at ¢.34 days. Baculum is completely developed after 110 days (also when testes are mature). Young reach adult size in about late August. During their first year, females enter estrus and mate in their natal colony. Rate of disappearance after weaning to one year of age is 18-29% for females and 85-96% for males. Oldest individuals have been five-year-old females and three-year-old males; malestypically do not live more than ten months, whereas females often live much longer. Female mortality rate is relatively low at 1-3 years of age but increases at 4-5 years. Male mortality always seems to be higher than females, but reasons forthis are uncertain. Activity patterns. Japanese Pipistrelles begin foraging 10-30 minutes after sunset in summer, with major peak in activity soon after sunset and minor peak just before sunrise in May-August. In October, foraging was recorded only after sunset, probably because of cooler temperatures through the night. Emergence time changes based on energy consumption and needs at specific life stages, ambient temperatures, and abundance of insect prey. When ambient temperatures were lower than 15°C in Fukuoka prefecture and lower than 12°C in Kagawa prefecture , individuals rarely emerged. Japanese Pipistrelles enter hibernation for winter at some point from late October to November and remain in hibernation until March. Body weight increases from summerto late autumn before hibernation by an average of 30-6% in females and 29-2% in males. During hibernation, weights decrease: 21:3-25-3% in adult females, 20-26% in yearling females, and 24-3-27-1% or 32% in yearling males. Japanese Pipistrelles roost primarily in anthropogenic settings, including narrow spaces in buildings, under rooftiles, parapet caps, small roof covers over windows, inside sliding wings, and under bridges. There are also a few reports of roosts in caves and nests of red-rumped swallows (Cecropis daurica). Call shape is FM/QCF in search phase and FM in scanning phase (or in back-cluttered space). Average peak frequencies were 43-4 kHz in Hokkaido prefecture and 42-9 kHz in Kanagawa prefecture , and peak frequencies of 42-5-52 kHz were recorded in Kagoshima prefecture . End frequencies were recorded at 43-3—45-2 kHz in Kagoshima and 40-43 kHz (mean of 41-2 kHz) in Kyoto prefecture . The besra (Accipiter virgatus) and the peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus) prey on Japanese Pipistrelles. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Japanese Pipistrelles do not often move between roosts, even during mating season, and stay in the same roost throughout much of their lives. Make-up of colonies, however, does change throughout the year. In September and late October when mating begins, a colony had males and females, with sex ratio of 1:1. After hibernation, colonies have all or mostly females (July). In late August, adult females and young roost together, without adult males. Males might be more mobile than females and switch between roosting localities more, but lack of males in maternity colonies might also be due to higher mortality of males. Colonies are generally small (1-26 individuals in Tokyo and 4-36 individuals in Fukuoka prefecture ) before young fly, but colony of more than 100 individuals have been found in some cases. After young fly, colony size seems to increase (1-61 in Tokyo and 11-27 in Fukuoka and Kagawa prefectures). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Japanese Pipistrelle is common throughout its distribution and in disturbed and urban environments. People commonly encounter them because they roost in buildings and other man-made structures. Bibliography. Abe et al. (2005), Ando et al. (1987), Bates & Tsytsulina (2008), Bates et al. (2005), Chung Chul-Un, Han Sang-Hoon & Lee Chong-ll (2010), Chung Chul-Un, Han Sang-Hoon, Lim Chun-Woo etal. (2010), Das & Sinha (1995), Francis (2008a), Fujioka, Aihara et al. (2014), Fujioka, Mantani et al. (2011), Fukui et al. (2003), Funakoshi & Uchida (1978a, 1982), Funakoshi, Katahira & Ikeda (2009), Gopalakrishna & Madhavan (1971), Goto et al. (2010), Hendrichsen, Bates, Hayes & Walston (2001), Hill & Harrison (1987), Hirai & Kimura (2004), Hiraiwa & Uchida (1955, 1956), Hiryu, Hagino, Fujioka et al. (2008), Hiryu, Hagino, Riguimaroux & Watanabe (2007), Horacek et al. (2000), Huang Wenji & Huang Xing (1982), Kruskop (2013a), Kumada et al. (1978), Lee Lingling (1995), Lee Yafu & Lee Lingling (2005), Lin Liangkong, Motokawa & Harada (2002b), Luo Feng etal. (2007), Mori & Uchida (1974), Morii (1980), Obara et al. (1976), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Racey & Potts (1970), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Srinivasulu et al. (2011), Takahashi et al. (2014), Takayama (1959), Tiunov (1997), Tokita (2006), Uchida et al. (1988), Wang Yingxiang (1982), Wei Li et al. (2010), Wu Yi, Harada & Li Yanhong (2004), Wu Yi, Motokawa et al. (2009), Yamada et al. (1988), Yasui et al. (1997), Yoshiyuki (1989).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus abramus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	abramus	Temminck	1838	1	Mongr. Mamm.	Tome 2: 232	Japanese Pipistrelle	 akokomuli Temminck 1838; irretitus Cantor, 1842; pomiloides Mell, 1922; pumiloides Tomes, 1857.	Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki.	S Ussuri region (Russia and China), Taiwan, S and C Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, India.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pipistrellus . Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus , but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus ; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pipistrellus abramus	23	Japanese Pipistrelle	Japanese House Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Pipistrellus	NA	abramus	Temminck	1840	1						"les environs de Nagasaki," Kyushu, Japan.			abramus (Temminck, 1838)|akokomuli (Temminck, 1838)|irretitus (Cantor, 1842)|pumiloides (Tomes, 1857)|pomiloides (Mell, 1922)	NA	NA	Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Laos|Vietnam|India	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17320	Pipistrellus abramus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Pipistrellus	abramus	(Temminck, 1838)	Koopman (1993) treats this as a synonym under P. javanicus , but this is not followed by others.	20000000	Pipistrellus abramus	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is confirmed as Least Concern because it is very widespread, adaptable, and there are no major threats.	It roosts during the day in various narrow spaces of buildings (Kawai 2015) and bat boxes (Cheng et al. 2017). It forages in open spaces such as above rice fields, fishing farms, reservoirs, rivers, riparian grassland, mangroves, coast area as well as secondary forests, urban parks, orchards and plantations in the lowland. . It feeds mainly on flying insects, including beetles, dipterans, hymenopterans, caddisflies, moths, true bugs, and homopterans (Lee and Lee 2005). Copulation, ovulation and parturition occur in October, end of April and early July, respectively in Japan (Kawai 2015).	In Taiwan, the population in the lowland is likely declining in at least the last three decades, partially caused by the use of insecticide in agricultural areas (Chang, H.-C, pers. comm.), and roadkill (Huang et al. 2018) and probably loss of roost sites due to deforestation and urbanization.)	It is a common species in China (Smith and Xie 2008) and Taiwan. One of the most abundant bats in Hanoi and, supposedly, also in other human settlements and heavily disturbed areas of north Viet Nam (Borissenko and Kruskop 2003). ypical colony size ranges from a few, to over a hundred individuals in Japan (Kawai 2015) and Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017b). In Taiwan, the population is likely continuously declined in the lowland due to urbanization in the last few decades (Huang, J. C.-C. pers. obs.).	Stable	This species is known from the southern Ussuri region (Russia and China), the western half of China including Taiwan, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Viet Nam, Myanmar, and India (Hendrichsen et al. 2001, Kawai 2015, Smith and Xie 2008). In Japan, it is found on Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and the islands of Tsushima, Amami-oshima, Tokuno-shima, Iriomote, Geruma, Miyako and Okinawa (Kawai 2015). In China, it is known from the provinces of Nei Mongol, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Guizhou, Xizang, Shaanxi, and Hainan (Smith and Xie 2008). There is a record from Sakhalin (Tiunov 1997).		Terrestrial	It is not protected in China (Smith and Xie 2013) and Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017a). In Taiwan, it has been recorded in low elevations in several protect areas.	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	abramus	Temminck	1838	1	Mongr. Mamm.	Tome 2: 232	Japanese Pipistrelle	 akokomuli Temminck 1838; irretitus Cantor, 1842; pomiloides Mell, 1922; pumiloides Tomes, 1857.	Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki.	S Ussuri region (Russia and China), Taiwan, S and C Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, India.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pipistrellus . Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus , but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus ; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001 b ). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).	Pipistrellus abramus	1005609	23	Japanese Pipistrelle	Japanese House Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Pipistrellus	NA	abramus	Temminck	1838	1						"les environs de Nagasaki," Kyushu, Japan.			abramus (Temminck, 1838)|akokomuli (Temminck, 1838)|irretitus (Cantor, 1842)|pumiloides (Tomes, 1857)|pomiloides (Mell, 1922)	NA	NA				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Laos|Vietnam|India	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Alionoctula_abramus	1005609	23	Japanese Pipistrelle	Japanese House Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Alionoctula	NA	abramus	Temminck	1	Vespertilio abramus	Temminck, C.J. 1840. Livraison 3. Pp. 141–272 in Temminck, C.J. 1835-1841. Monographies de Mammalogie. Tome second. C. C. van der Hoek, Leiden, 392 pp.	https://archive.org/details/monographiedema00temmgoog/page/140/mode/2up	RMNH.MAM.33644, RMNH.MAM.33645, RMNH.MAM.33646, RMNH.MAM.33647, RMNH.MAM.33648, RMNH.MAM.33649, ZMB 2568a, ZMB 2568b	syntypes	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33644.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33644.b | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33645.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33645.b | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33646 | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33647 | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33648 | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.33649	"les environs de Nagasaki," Kyushu, Japan.			moved from Pipistrellus to Alionoctula	Zhukova, S. S., Yuzefovich, A. P., Lebedev, V. S., & Kruskop, S. V. (2025). Reassessment of the Taxonomic Borders Within Pipistrellus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae, Pipistrellini). Diversity, 17(5), 317.				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|Myanmar|Laos|Vietnam|India	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_abramus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	abramus	Temminck	1838	1	Mongr. Mamm.	Tome 2: 232	Japanese Pipistrelle	akokomuli Temminck 1838; irretitus Cantor, 1842; pomiloides Mell, 1922; pumiloides Tomes, 1857.	Japan, Kyushu, Nagasaki.	S Ussuri region (Russia and China), Taiwan, S and C Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, India.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17320/22131948/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus, but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987),Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet andHill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) andSrinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pipistrellus abramus; Pipistrellus abramus; Pipistrellus abramus; Pipistrellus abramus; Pipistrellus abramus; Pipistrellus abramus; akokomuli; irretitus; pomiloides; pumiloides; akokomuli; irretitus; pomiloides; pumiloides; abramus; akokomuli; irretitus; pumiloides; pomiloides; Pipistrelle abramusi; Japan-Zwergfledermaus; Pipistrelajaponesa; Japanese House Bat; Japanese Pipistrelle; Japanese House Bat; Japanese Pipistrelle; Japanese Pipistrelle; P. abramus