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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L207	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Cynopterus nusatenggara	N/A	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus nusatenggara		[MSW3] Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al. (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).; [HMW] Cynopterus nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991 , “Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat , Indonesia ( 8°52’S , 116° 50 °E) ... from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of + 40m .” Three subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al . (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).; [batnames2023] Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al . (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).; [batnames2025_1.7] Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al. (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).								nusatenggara, sinagai, wetarensis		nusatenggara, sinagai, wetarensis		nusatenggara, sinagai, wetarensis		nusatenggara, sinaga, wetarensis		nusatenggara, sinagai, wetarensis		nusatenggara, sinaga, wetarensis	nusatenggara, sinaga, wetarensis	nusatenggara, sinagai, wetarensis		nusatenggara D. J. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991|sinagai D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996|wetarensis D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996						N/A										Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi	1991	Rec. West. Aust. Mus., 15:312.		Lombok, Sumbawi, Flores, Sumba, and adjacent small islands.	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis, Sumbawa, Jerewah, Desa Belo.																								_C. n. nusatenggara_ Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991; _C. n. sinagai_ Kitchener, 1996; _C. n. wetarensis_ Kitchener, 1996			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus		nusatenggara	Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi		1991		Rec. West. Aust. Mus.	15		312		Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, W Sumbawa, Jerewah, Desa Belo (8°52'S, 116°50'E), ca 40 m.	Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Isls (Indonesia).	Described after completion of IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992). IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt).	sinagai Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]; wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996].	Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al. (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).	03AD87FAFFCDF6208C62319AFEC3FE2D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	67	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFCDF6208C62319AFEC3FE2D.xml	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Pteropodidae	Cynopterus	nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	Cynoptere de Nusa Tenggara @fr | Nusa-Tenggara-Kurznasenflughund @de | Cynéptero de Nusa Tenggara @es	Cynopterus nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991 , “Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat , Indonesia ( 8°52’S , 116° 50 °E) ... from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of + 40m .” Three subspecies are recognized.	C.n.nusatenggaraKitchener&Maharadatunkamsi,1991—LesserSundaIs(Bali,Lombok,Sumbawa,Sumba,Komodo,Rinca,Flores,Adonara,[Lembata,andTimor). C.n.sinagaiKitchener,1996—ELesserSundaIs(Pantar,Alor,Moyo,andSangeangIs). C. n. wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Wetar) and BabarIs.	Head—body 88 mm , tail 5 mm , ear 18 mm , hindfoot 13 mm , forearm 55-1-64-8 mm; weight 24-5-37-5 g (mean in males 27-9 g, mean in females 29-9 g). The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is medium-sized and brown, without white ear rims or wing digits. Muzzle is short, skin is brown, and nostrils are shortly tubular and diverging. Eyes are moderately large; iris is chestnut-brown to olive-brown. Ears are moderately short; pinnae are light brown, oval, with small round antitragus, slightly attenuated attip, and light brown rims. Head pelage is short and brown; nape and dorsum are lighter brown to olive-brown, with slightly longer hairs. Tibia is lightly haired, uropatagium and tail are well developed, tuft of hair occurs around tail, and calcar is short. Yellowish brown ruff extends to back of adult males and is lighter and less extended on females. Chest and belly are grayer. Wing membranes are warm brown, originate on sides of body and attach to first toe; index claw is present; and dorsal skin of metacarpals and phalanges is light brown, not contrasting with patagial, which is lightly furred with ocherous buff near body. Skull lacks basicranial deflection, laterally, rostrum is very short and moderately deep and slopes gently to forehead, orbits are large, braincase is rounded, zygomatic rootis slightly above alveolar line, and zygoma is moderately thin and gently arched posteriorly. Dorsally, rostrum is moderately wide; paranasal recesses are inflated and reach postorbital foramina; postorbital processes are short and projectlaterally; and braincase is oval, with thin parallel temporal lines and inconspicuous nuchalcrest. Ventrally, palate is flat; post-dental is long and converges posteriorly; palatine spine is inconspicuous and joined to sphenoidal crest; and ectotympanic is wide anteriorly, with entotympanic alongside its inner margin. Mandible is moderatelythin; coronoid is long and steep, with narrow tip; condyle is slightly above lower alveolar line; and angle is round off. Upper incisors are small and rather long; C' is small and decurved; P' is minute; and posterior cheekteeth are small and decrease in size posteriorly. Lower incisors are small; C, is thin and short; P, has triangular crown; posterior cheekteeth are tall and decrease posteriorly, without marked additional surface cusps; and M, is small.	[Lowland forests in secondary and disturbed areas up to elevations of ¢. 100 m .	The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous.	No information.	No information.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trend of the Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is stable.	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi (1991, 1996) | Ruedas, Maryanto & Maharadatunkamsi (2008) | Simmons (2005)		10. Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus nusatenggara French: Cynoptere de Nusa Tenggara / German: Nusa-Tenggara-Kurznasenflughund / Spanish: Cynéptero de Nusa Tenggara Taxonomy. Cynopterus nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991 , “Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat , Indonesia ( 8°52’S , 116° 50 °E) ... from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of + 40m .” Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. C.n.nusatenggaraKitchener&Maharadatunkamsi,1991—LesserSundaIs(Bali,Lombok,Sumbawa,Sumba,Komodo,Rinca,Flores,Adonara,[Lembata,andTimor). C.n.sinagaiKitchener,1996—ELesserSundaIs(Pantar,Alor,Moyo,andSangeangIs). C. n. wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Wetar) and BabarIs. Descriptive notes. Head—body 88 mm , tail 5 mm , ear 18 mm , hindfoot 13 mm , forearm 55-1-64-8 mm; weight 24-5-37-5 g (mean in males 27-9 g, mean in females 29-9 g). The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is medium-sized and brown, without white ear rims or wing digits. Muzzle is short, skin is brown, and nostrils are shortly tubular and diverging. Eyes are moderately large; iris is chestnut-brown to olive-brown. Ears are moderately short; pinnae are light brown, oval, with small round antitragus, slightly attenuated attip, and light brown rims. Head pelage is short and brown; nape and dorsum are lighter brown to olive-brown, with slightly longer hairs. Tibia is lightly haired, uropatagium and tail are well developed, tuft of hair occurs around tail, and calcar is short. Yellowish brown ruff extends to back of adult males and is lighter and less extended on females. Chest and belly are grayer. Wing membranes are warm brown, originate on sides of body and attach to first toe; index claw is present; and dorsal skin of metacarpals and phalanges is light brown, not contrasting with patagial, which is lightly furred with ocherous buff near body. Skull lacks basicranial deflection, laterally, rostrum is very short and moderately deep and slopes gently to forehead, orbits are large, braincase is rounded, zygomatic rootis slightly above alveolar line, and zygoma is moderately thin and gently arched posteriorly. Dorsally, rostrum is moderately wide; paranasal recesses are inflated and reach postorbital foramina; postorbital processes are short and projectlaterally; and braincase is oval, with thin parallel temporal lines and inconspicuous nuchalcrest. Ventrally, palate is flat; post-dental is long and converges posteriorly; palatine spine is inconspicuous and joined to sphenoidal crest; and ectotympanic is wide anteriorly, with entotympanic alongside its inner margin. Mandible is moderatelythin; coronoid is long and steep, with narrow tip; condyle is slightly above lower alveolar line; and angle is round off. Upper incisors are small and rather long; C' is small and decurved; P' is minute; and posterior cheekteeth are small and decrease in size posteriorly. Lower incisors are small; C, is thin and short; P, has triangular crown; posterior cheekteeth are tall and decrease posteriorly, without marked additional surface cusps; and M, is small. Habitat. [Lowland forests in secondary and disturbed areas up to elevations of ¢. 100 m . Food and Feeding. The Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population trend of the Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat is stable. Bibliography. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi (1991, 1996), Ruedas, Maryanto & Maharadatunkamsi (2008), Simmons (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Cynopterus		nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	0	Rec. West. Aust. Mus.	0.8417	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat	<b> sinagai </b>Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]; <b> wetarensis </b>Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, W Sumbawa, Jerewah, Desa Belo (8°52'S, 116°50'E), ca 40 m.	Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al . (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Cynopterus nusatenggara	23	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Cynopterus	NA	nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	0	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	Kitchener, D. J. & Maharadatunkamsi. (1991). Description of a new species of Cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 15(2), 312.	http://museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/DESCRIPTION%20OF%20A%20NEW%20SPECIES%20OF%20CYNOPTERUS%20(CHIROPTERA%20PTEROPODIDAE)%20FROM%20NUSA%20TENGGARA,%20INDONESIA..pdf	WAM M31335		"Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia (8°52'S, 116°50'E) … from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of ± 40 m."	-8.867	116.83	nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991|sinaga Kitchener in Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996|wetarensis Kitchener in Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996	NA	NA	Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	sciname match	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	6105	Cynopterus nusatenggara	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Cynopterus	nusatenggara	Kitchener &; Maharadatunkamsi, 1991		20000000	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Least Concern		2019	2019-07-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, and because the population is thought to be stable throughout its range.	It is found in disturbed habitats and secondary forests up to 100 m asl. There is very little additional information available for this species.	There are no major threats to this species.	The species is common throughout its range.	Stable	This species occurs throughout Indonesia on Bali, Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Islands (Simmons 2005). It has also been collected in West Timor (D. Maharadatunkamsi pers. comm.). The type locality of is Desa Belo (8°52'S, 116°50'E), at around 40 m asl, Jerewah, west Sumbawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.		Terrestrial	It is not known if the species has been recorded from any protected areas. Further studies are needed into the distribution, abundance and natural history of this species.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Cynopterus		nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	0	Rec. West. Aust. Mus.	0.841667	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat	<b> sinagai </b>Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]; <b> wetarensis </b>Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, W Sumbawa, Jerewah, Desa Belo (8°52'S, 116°50'E), ca 40 m.	Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al . (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).	Cynopterus nusatenggara	1004378	23	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Cynopterus	NA	nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	0	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	Kitchener, D. J. & Maharadatunkamsi. (1991). Description of a new species of Cynopterus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 15(2), 312.	http://museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/DESCRIPTION%20OF%20A%20NEW%20SPECIES%20OF%20CYNOPTERUS%20(CHIROPTERA%20PTEROPODIDAE)%20FROM%20NUSA%20TENGGARA,%20INDONESIA..pdf	WAM M31335		"Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia (8°52'S, 116°50'E) … from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of ± 40 m."	-8.86667	116.8333	nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991|sinaga Kitchener in Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996|wetarensis Kitchener in Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1996	NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	sciname match	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	1004378	23	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Cynopterini	Cynopterus	NA	nusatenggara	D. J. Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	0	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Kitchener, D.J. and Maharadatunkamsi. 1991. Description of a new species of _Cynopterus_ (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) from Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 15(2):307-363.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53885916	WAM M31335	holotype		"Desa Belo, Jerewah, West Sumbawa Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia (8°52'S, 116°50'E) … from the boundary between dense, tall, mixed evergreen lowland rainforest and ricefields at an altitude of ± 40 m."	-8.86667	116.8333	NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	sciname match	Cynopterus_nusatenggara	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Cynopterus		nusatenggara	Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi	1991	0	Rec. West. Aust. Mus.	0.841667	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat	sinagai Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]; wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, W Sumbawa, Jerewah, Desa Belo (8°52'S, 116°50'E), ca 40 m.	Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6105/22113935/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al. (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Cynopterus nusatenggara; Cynopterus nusatenggara; Cynopterus nusatenggara; Cynopterus nusatenggara; Cynopterus nusatenggara; Cynopterus nusatenggara; nusatenggara; sinagai; wetarensis; nusatenggara; sinagai; wetarensis; sinagai; wetarensis; nusatenggara; sinaga; wetarensis; Cynoptere de Nusa Tenggara; Nusa-Tenggara-Kurznasenflughund; Cynéptero de Nusa Tenggara; Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat; Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat; Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat; C. nusatenggara