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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L189	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	N/A	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris thonglongyai		[MSW2] See Hill and Smith (1981, Mammalian Species, 160).; [MSW3] See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001).; [HMW] Craseonycteris thonglongya: Hill, 1974 , “Cave nearForestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi , Thailand , 14°26' N , 98°51’ E ." Thai and Myanmar populations of C. thonglongya: are genetically and geographicallyisolated and differ in frequencies of their echolocation calls, suggesting they represent distinct taxa; additional taxonomic study 1s needed to clarify their relationships. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018); [IUCN] Preliminary comparison of the skull morphology between specimens from Thailand and Myanmar, in combination with existing information on genetic and echolocation, suggested that the population in Myanmar may represent a different taxon (P. Soisook, unpublished data). The taxonomic revision is needed.; [batnames2023] See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018); [batnames2025_1.7] See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018)		(Butterfly bat)												thonglongyai	Preliminary comparison of the skull morphology between specimens from Thailand and Myanmar, in combination with existing information on genetic and echolocation, suggested that the population in Myanmar may represent a different taxon (P. Soisook, unpublished data). The taxonomic revision is needed.			thonglongyai 	thonglongyai 			thonglongyai J. Edwards Hill, 1974		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hog-nosed bat	S Thailand		N/A					Characters and Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hog-nosed bat (Butterfly bat)	S Thailand ; R	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Hill	1974	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 27:305.	See Hill and Smith (1981, Mammalian Species, 160).	Thailand: known only from a limited area near the type locality.	Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke.		HILL	1974	Characters and Distribution: Same as for genus.	Characters and Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies.		41	species	C. thonglongyai	HILL	1974	Craseonycteris	genus	Craseonycteris thonglongyai				Characters and Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies.		1. C. thonglongyai HILL 1974.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Craseonycteridae			Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris		thonglongyai	Hill		1974		Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool.	27		305		Hog-nosed Bat	Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke (= Yok), cave near Forestry Station (14°26'N, 98°51'E).	Thailand, Burma	U.S. ESA – Endangered; IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.		See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001).	DA564F57FF8BAC34E3EAF8EBF7BF13B6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Craesononycteridae_178.pdf.imf	hash://md5/266f372fff8aac35e341ffe0ffdf183d	181	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/DA/56/4F/DA564F57FF8BAC34E3EAF8EBF7BF13B6.xml	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteridae	Craseonycteris	thonglongyai	Hill	1974	Craséonyctere @fr | Hummelfledermaus @de | Murciélagoabejorro @es | Bumblebee Bat @en | Hog-nosed Bat @en | Kitti's Bat @en	Craseonycteris thonglongya: Hill, 1974 , “Cave nearForestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi , Thailand , 14°26' N , 98°51’ E ." Thai and Myanmar populations of C. thonglongya: are genetically and geographicallyisolated and differ in frequencies of their echolocation calls, suggesting they represent distinct taxa; additional taxonomic study 1s needed to clarify their relationships. Monotypic.	SE Myanmar ( Kayin and Monstates) and WC Thailand ( Kanchanaburi Province ).	Head-body 28-34 mm (no external tail), ear 9-12 mm, hindfoot 5-8-6-8 mm (without claw 4-1-5-5 mm), forearm 22-28 mm; weight 2-3-2 g. Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat is very small, with distinct bulbous hog-like muzzle withslight ridgeat the front. Ear is large, with well-developed tragus. There is distinct glandular swelling at base ofthroat of males. Pelageis grayish or reddish brown. Skull is very small, with greatest lengths of 10-8-11-1 mm. Rostral part and postorbital region are relatively flattened. In contrast, braincaseis highly inflated and bulbous.	[Limestone caves near rivers or floodplains in mixed deciduous forests, dry evergreen forests, and modified landscapes that feature giant bamboo, teak andfruit orchards, seasonal farmlands, and rice paddies at elevations up to 500 m .	Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bats forage within 1 km ofcave roosts for small insects byaerial-hawking in small forest clearings or at edges ofvegetation. Diets contain mostly insects in the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, with smaller amounts of Diptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera.	A female Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has one young born late in the dry season (late April).	Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat roosts in caves during the day. There is a short foraging bout of 30-45 minutes beginning at dusk and a shorter bout at dawn. They use short (3—4 milliseconds), multiharmonic, CF echolocation calls, with high source level and high repetition rate.	Kitti’'s Hog-nosed Bats roost in colonies of 4-100 individuals that are well spaced and not clustered. Foraging is verylocalized, usually within 1 km ofthe cave roost. Some individuals might migrate or at least switch caves in winter. Dispersal inferred from genetic structure ofthe population is estimated to be no more than 2-5 km.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCNRed List. Overall population ofKitti’s Hog-nosed Bat was estimated to be less than 10,000 individuals, and declines at caves in Thailand were projected to reach 10% in the tenyear period following the 2008 assessment. Since that classification, cumulative surveys found 6487 individuals in Thailand and at least 3770 in Myanmar . The Thai population is estimated to be greater than 40,000 individuals, although this is based on extrapolation of the potential occupation ofsuitable caves. Currently, the total known population is restricted to 44 caves in Thailand and eight caves in Myanmar , and most roosts are not in legally protected areas. In Thailand , Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has been affected bydisturbance at roosts during religious visits by pilgrims, guano collection, and tourist activities. In Myanmar , it is at greater risk because ofits small population size in a very limited area. Although monks protect some roost caves, other caves are under threat from limestone quarrying. There is a need for protection ofcave roosts that are disturbed by human activities. Clarification of taxonomic status of the Thai and Myanmar populations ofKitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has implications for conservation status and future management.	Bates, Bumrungsri & Francis (2008a) | Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2001) | Duangkhae (1990) | Foley et al. (2015) | Hill (1974b) | Hill & Smith (1981) | Hutson et al. (2001) | Pereira et al. (2006) | Puechmaille, Gouilh et al. (2011) | Puechmaille, Soisook et al. (2009) | Surlykke et al. (1993)	https://zenodo.org/record/5732539/files/figure.png	Kitti’'s Hog-nosed Bat Craseonycteris thonglongyai French: Craséonyctere / German: Hummelfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago abejorro Other common names: Bumblebee Bat , Hog-nosed Bat , Kitti's Bat Taxonomy. Craseonycteris thonglongya: Hill, 1974 , “Cave nearForestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi , Thailand , 14°26' N , 98°51’ E ." Thai and Myanmar populations of C. thonglongya: are genetically and geographicallyisolated and differ in frequencies of their echolocation calls, suggesting they represent distinct taxa; additional taxonomic study 1s needed to clarify their relationships. Monotypic. Distribution. SE Myanmar ( Kayin and Monstates) and WC Thailand ( Kanchanaburi Province ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 28-34 mm (no external tail), ear 9-12 mm, hindfoot 5-8-6-8 mm (without claw 4-1-5-5 mm), forearm 22-28 mm; weight 2-3-2 g. Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat is very small, with distinct bulbous hog-like muzzle withslight ridgeat the front. Ear is large, with well-developed tragus. There is distinct glandular swelling at base ofthroat of males. Pelageis grayish or reddish brown. Skull is very small, with greatest lengths of 10-8-11-1 mm. Rostral part and postorbital region are relatively flattened. In contrast, braincaseis highly inflated and bulbous. Habitat. [Limestone caves near rivers or floodplains in mixed deciduous forests, dry evergreen forests, and modified landscapes that feature giant bamboo, teak andfruit orchards, seasonal farmlands, and rice paddies at elevations up to 500 m . Food and Feeding. Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bats forage within 1 km ofcave roosts for small insects byaerial-hawking in small forest clearings or at edges ofvegetation. Diets contain mostly insects in the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, with smaller amounts of Diptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera. Breeding. A female Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has one young born late in the dry season (late April). Activity patterns. Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat roosts in caves during the day. There is a short foraging bout of 30-45 minutes beginning at dusk and a shorter bout at dawn. They use short (3—4 milliseconds), multiharmonic, CF echolocation calls, with high source level and high repetition rate. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Kitti’'s Hog-nosed Bats roost in colonies of 4-100 individuals that are well spaced and not clustered. Foraging is verylocalized, usually within 1 km ofthe cave roost. Some individuals might migrate or at least switch caves in winter. Dispersal inferred from genetic structure ofthe population is estimated to be no more than 2-5 km. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCNRed List. Overall population ofKitti’s Hog-nosed Bat was estimated to be less than 10,000 individuals, and declines at caves in Thailand were projected to reach 10% in the tenyear period following the 2008 assessment. Since that classification, cumulative surveys found 6487 individuals in Thailand and at least 3770 in Myanmar . The Thai population is estimated to be greater than 40,000 individuals, although this is based on extrapolation of the potential occupation ofsuitable caves. Currently, the total known population is restricted to 44 caves in Thailand and eight caves in Myanmar , and most roosts are not in legally protected areas. In Thailand , Kitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has been affected bydisturbance at roosts during religious visits by pilgrims, guano collection, and tourist activities. In Myanmar , it is at greater risk because ofits small population size in a very limited area. Although monks protect some roost caves, other caves are under threat from limestone quarrying. There is a need for protection ofcave roosts that are disturbed by human activities. Clarification of taxonomic status of the Thai and Myanmar populations ofKitti’s Hog-nosed Bat has implications for conservation status and future management. Bibliography. Bates, Bumrungsri & Francis (2008a), Bates, Nwe Tin et al. (2001), Duangkhae (1990), Foley et al. (2015), Hill (1974b), Hill & Smith (1981), Hutson et al. (2001), Pereira et al. (2006), Puechmaille, Gouilh et al. (2011), Puechmaille, Soisook et al. (2009), Surlykke et al. (1993).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Craseonycteridae	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Craseonycteris		thonglongyai	Hill	1974	0	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool.	32:05:00	Hog-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke (= Yok), cave near Forestry Station	NW Thailand, SW Myanmar	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018)	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	23	Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat	Bumblebee Bat|Hog-nosed Bat|Kitti's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	CRASEONYCTERIDAE	NA	NA	Craseonycteris	NA	thonglongyai	J. Edwards Hill	1974	0	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	Hill, J. E. (1974). A new family, genus and species of bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. 27, 304.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19426#page/388/mode/1up	CTNRC 54-3871		"Cave near Forestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi, Thailand, 14°26' N, 98°51' E."	14.433	98.85	thonglongyai J. Edwards Hill, 1974	NA	NA	Myanmar|Thailand	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	sciname match	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	5481	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	CRASEONYCTERIDAE	Craseonycteris	thonglongyai	Hill, 1974	Preliminary comparison of the skull morphology between specimens from Thailand and Myanmar, in combination with existing information on genetic and echolocation, suggested that the population in Myanmar may represent a different taxon (P. Soisook, unpublished data). The taxonomic revision is needed.	20000000	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Near Threatened	B1a	2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Near Threatened under criterion B because its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 22,333 km² (i.e., not far above the VU B1 threshold) and its population, estimated to be slightly over 10,000 individuals, is declining in the two subpopulations which are isolated and subject to ongoing threats.	This species is always associated with limestone outcrops near rivers and can survive in degraded areas. It always roosts in caves. Weighing around two grams, this tiny bat is reputedly the world's smallest mammal. It is insectivorous and normal foraging range appears to be limited to an area of around 1 km from the roost site (Hutson et al. 2001).	The species is affected by disturbance of roosts by religious visits, fertilizer collection and tourism - there has been development of 'show caves' (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). Limestone mining and roost disturbance appear to be the major threats to the population in Myanmar (P. Soisook pers. comm.).	The population in Myanmar is recorded in eight caves (Pereira et al. 2006, Puechmaille et al. 2009, Pearch and Soisook 2015). The population size of 3,770 is estimated in Myanmar. In Thailand, it is found in 44 caves with estimated population size of 6,487 individuals (Puechmaille et al. 2009). The overall species population is declining due to ongoing threats.	Decreasing	This species occurs in two isolated populations in Thailand and Myanmar. The type locality in Thailand is Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke (= Yok), cave near the Forestry Station (14''26'N, 8''51'E). The population in Thailand is restricted Sai Yoke District, whereas the population in Myanmar is found in Kayin and Mon states. It potentially occurs further south in Myanmar. Further survey of limestone caves near the Thai-Myanmar border is needed. Its elevational range is from 0-500 m asl.		Terrestrial	There is a need for the protection of the cave roosts as most of these roosts are outside protected areas. A survey of the limestone caves just across the Thai border inside Myanmar is required to determine if the species occurs there. Education of monks to prevent burning of incense is also required (P. Bates pers. comm.) as well as improvement of transboundary collaboration on conservation of the species along with transboundary information exchange, and identification and establishment of protected areas (P. Bates pers. comm.).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Craseonycteridae	Craseonycteris		thonglongyai	Hill	1974	0	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool.	32:05:00	Hog-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke (= Yok), cave near Forestry Station	NW Thailand, SW Myanmar	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018)	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	1004554	23	Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat	Bumblebee Bat|Hog-nosed Bat|Kitti's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Craseonycteridae	NA	NA	Craseonycteris	NA	thonglongyai	J. Edwards Hill	1974	0	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	Hill, J. E. (1974). A new family, genus and species of bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology. 27, 304.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19426#page/388/mode/1up	CTNRC 54-3871		"Cave near Forestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi, Thailand, 14°26' N, 98°51' E."	14.43333	98.85	thonglongyai J. Edwards Hill, 1974	NA	NA				Myanmar|Thailand	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	sciname match	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	1004554	23	Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat	Bumblebee Bat|Hog-nosed Bat|Kitti's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Craseonycteridae	NA	NA	Craseonycteris	NA	thonglongyai	J. Edwards Hill	0	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Hill, J.E. 1974. A new family, genus and species of bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Thailand. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology)27(7):301-336.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2261667	BMNH:Mamm:1977.2990 (= TNRC 54-3871)	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/68152425-701e-4160-8b4e-31e5e0522fe0 | https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/f371dee4-8728-43a4-a507-b02485434587	"Cave near Forestry Station, Ban Sai Yoke [= Yok], Kanchanaburi, Thailand, 14°26' N, 98°51' E."	14.43333	98.85	NA	NA				Myanmar|Thailand	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	sciname match	Craseonycteris_thonglongyai	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Craseonycteridae	Craseonycteris		thonglongyai	Hill	1974	0	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool.	32:05:00	Hog-nosed Bat	None.	Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Ban Sai Yoke (= Yok), cave near Forestry Station	NW Thailand, SW Myanmar	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/5481/22072935/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001). The population in Myanmar may prove to be a distinct species (S. Tsang, pers.comm., 2018)		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Craseonycteris thonglongyai; Craseonycteris thonglongyai; Craseonycteris thonglongyai; Craseonycteris thonglongyai; Craseonycteris thonglongyai; Craseonycteris thonglongyai; thonglongyai; Craséonyctere; Hummelfledermaus; Murciélagoabejorro; Bumblebee Bat; Hog-nosed Bat; Kitti's Bat; Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat; Bumblebee Bat; Hog-nosed Bat; Kitti's Bat; Hog-nosed Bat; Hog-nosed Bat; C. thonglongyai