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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L186	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Plecotus mexicanus	Plecotus mexicanus	Plecotus mexicanus	Plecotus mexicanus	Plecotus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus mexicanus		[MSW2] Subgenus Corynorhinus. Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959:200); but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981:233). Formerly in genus Corynorhinus', see Anderson (1972:255). See Tumlison (1992, Mammalian Species, 401).; [MSW3] Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).; [HMW] Corynorhinus megalotis mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916 , “ Mexico : Chihuahua , near Pacheco.” Originally described as a race of C. megalotis [= rafinesquit], but morphological data supportits separation as a distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959 b ) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).; [batnames2023] Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959 b ) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included populations now attributed to the recently described C. leonpaniaguae; [batnames2025_1.7] Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992). Specimens now recognized as leonpaniaguae were formerly attributed to this species; see López-Cuamatzi et al. (2024). Mitochondrial genome characterized by Valencia M et al. (2024).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included populations now attributed to the recently described C. leonpaniaguae				Corynorhinus mexicanus										mexicanus				mexicanus 	mexicanus 			mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NW, NE, C Mexico	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Plecotus mexicanus	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco.	G. M. Allen	1916	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60:347.	Distribution: Ranging from northwestern and northeastern to central Mexico, also Yucatan and Cozumel island off its eastern side.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Mexican big-eared bat	Mexico	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	G. M. Allen	1916	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 60:347.	Subgenus Corynorhinus. Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959:200); but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981:233). Formerly in genus Corynorhinus', see Anderson (1972:255). See Tumlison (1992, Mammalian Species, 401).	Sonora and Coahuila to Yucatan (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico).	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco.		G. M. ALLEN	1916	Brownish tips of hair on ventral side not contrasting with gray or brownish bases. Forearm length, 39 46 mm. Greatest length of skull, 14.7-15.9 mm. Tragus length usually less than 13 mm.	Distribution: Ranging from northwestern and northeastern to central Mexico, also Yucatan and Cozumel island off its eastern side.	No subspecies.		110	species	P. mexicanus	G. M. ALLEN	1916	Corynorhinus	subgenus	Plecotus mexicanus				Brownish tips of hair on ventral side not contrasting with gray or brownish bases. Forearm length, 39 46 mm. Greatest length of skull, 14.7-15.9 mm. Tragus length usually less than 13 mm.	No subspecies.		4. P. mexicanus (G. M. ALLEN 1916).	4	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus		mexicanus	G. M. Allen		1916		Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	60		347		Mexican Big-eared Bat	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco.	Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan Yucatán (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc) as Plecotus mexicanus.		Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).	4C3D87E8FF896A36FF519A2818E0B2E8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	872	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF896A36FF519A2818E0B2E8.xml	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Vespertilionidae	Corynorhinus	mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	Oreillard du Mexique @fr | Mexikanisches Langohr @de | Orejudode México @es	Corynorhinus megalotis mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916 , “ Mexico : Chihuahua , near Pacheco.” Originally described as a race of C. megalotis [= rafinesquit], but morphological data supportits separation as a distinct species. Monotypic.	Mexico , from Sonora and Chihuahua S along Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur, and from Coahuila S along Sierra Madre Oriental to Veracruz ; isolated records from Yucatan Pemnsula and Cozumel 1, but these are uncertain.	Head-body c¢. 49- 52 mm , tail 41-51 mm , ear 29-36 mm , hindfoot 9-13 mm , forearm 39-3- 45- 2 mm ; weight 5-12 g . Males larger than females. Furis long; dorsal hairs bicolored, with blackish bases and tips ranging from dark brown to cinnamon brown, without marked contrast between bases and tips (hairs at posterior base of large pinnae paler than on rest of dorsum); ventral hairs bicolored, with strongly contrasting dark brown bases and grayish or pale brown tips. Ears large and joined basally across forehead; tragus long ( 11-15 mm ). Two large glandular lumps are present on dorsal surface of rostrum; external nares, viewed from above, relatively small and angular in posterior outline; nostrils elongated posteriorly; accessory basal lobe of auricle is absent. Ears, face, and membranes dark brown. Plagiopatagium broadly attached to foot at level of base of toes. Skull moderate in size (greatest skull length 14-7-15- 9 mm ); deep wide braincase slopes upward abruptly above short depressed rostrum; lacrimal region smoothly rounded; supraorbital region not ridged; temporal ridges normally coalesced to form sagittal crest; median post-palatal process ranges from styliform to triangular; auditory bullae are relatively small. Maxillary tooth row relatively shorter, weaker, and more depressed, and P? is more consistently bilobed. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 52, with nine metacentric pairs of chromosomes, one submetacentric pair, and the other six acrocentric pairs, including the sex chromosomes.	Higher and more humid parts of Sierra Madre and the transverse volcanic belt of central Mexico , at 1460-3200 m . Found from dry lowlands to highland pineoak forest.	Probably eats small flying insects, such as Lepidoptera and Diptera .	Copulation begins in late October and runs through January. Pregnant and lactating females inJanuary-April. Gestation lasts ¢.90 days; females give birth to single young. Females reach sexual maturity at about one year, males at two years old.	Nocturnal, with emergence from roost after sunset. The species roosts in caves, basaltic lava tubes, mine tunnels, and abandoned houses. Wing morphology and echolocation frequency are typical of gleaning insectivorous bats. Call parameters (mean) are: minimum frequency 21-9 kHz, maximum frequency 44-6 kHz, peak frequency 30-9 kHz, bandwidth 21-4 kHz, and call duration 3-4 milliseconds.	No long-distance movements. In roosts, individuals hang well apart from one another. Numbers present in caves may vary throughoutthe year, and hibernating groups have been found in deep caves. Most southern and lowland records were obtained in winter and may indicate seasonal migrations from cold, highland regions. Females form maternity colonies in the breeding season, while males form small groups. Colony size varies from a few individuals during summer to over 500 in winter. Sometimes roosts with other bat species, including the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer ), and the Tricolored Bat ( Perimyotis subflavus ).	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Even though it is widespread with an expected sizeable population, and occurs in a number of protected areas,its population is thought to be declining; the species may qualify for listing as threatened in the near future.	Barbour & Davis (1969) | Bogdanowicz et al. (1998) | Hall (1981) | Handley (1955b, 1959) | Lépez-Wilchis (2001) | Lépez-Wilchis et al. (1995) | Piaggio & Perkins (2005) | Reid (2009) | Simmons (2005) | Tumlison (1992) | Wilson & Ruff (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398332/files/figure.png	247. Mexican Big-eared Bat Corynorhinus mexicanus French: Oreillard du Mexique / German: Mexikanisches Langohr / Spanish: Orejudo de México Taxonomy. Corynorhinus megalotis mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916 , “ Mexico : Chihuahua , near Pacheco.” Originally described as a race of C. megalotis [= rafinesquit], but morphological data supportits separation as a distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. Mexico , from Sonora and Chihuahua S along Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur, and from Coahuila S along Sierra Madre Oriental to Veracruz ; isolated records from Yucatan Pemnsula and Cozumel 1, but these are uncertain. Descriptive notes. Head-body c¢. 49- 52 mm , tail 41-51 mm , ear 29-36 mm , hindfoot 9-13 mm , forearm 39-3- 45- 2 mm ; weight 5-12 g . Males larger than females. Furis long; dorsal hairs bicolored, with blackish bases and tips ranging from dark brown to cinnamon brown, without marked contrast between bases and tips (hairs at posterior base of large pinnae paler than on rest of dorsum); ventral hairs bicolored, with strongly contrasting dark brown bases and grayish or pale brown tips. Ears large and joined basally across forehead; tragus long ( 11-15 mm ). Two large glandular lumps are present on dorsal surface of rostrum; external nares, viewed from above, relatively small and angular in posterior outline; nostrils elongated posteriorly; accessory basal lobe of auricle is absent. Ears, face, and membranes dark brown. Plagiopatagium broadly attached to foot at level of base of toes. Skull moderate in size (greatest skull length 14-7-15- 9 mm ); deep wide braincase slopes upward abruptly above short depressed rostrum; lacrimal region smoothly rounded; supraorbital region not ridged; temporal ridges normally coalesced to form sagittal crest; median post-palatal process ranges from styliform to triangular; auditory bullae are relatively small. Maxillary tooth row relatively shorter, weaker, and more depressed, and P? is more consistently bilobed. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 52, with nine metacentric pairs of chromosomes, one submetacentric pair, and the other six acrocentric pairs, including the sex chromosomes. Habitat. Higher and more humid parts of Sierra Madre and the transverse volcanic belt of central Mexico , at 1460-3200 m . Found from dry lowlands to highland pineoak forest. Food and Feeding. Probably eats small flying insects, such as Lepidoptera and Diptera . Breeding. Copulation begins in late October and runs through January. Pregnant and lactating females inJanuary-April. Gestation lasts ¢.90 days; females give birth to single young. Females reach sexual maturity at about one year, males at two years old. Activity patterns. Nocturnal, with emergence from roost after sunset. The species roosts in caves, basaltic lava tubes, mine tunnels, and abandoned houses. Wing morphology and echolocation frequency are typical of gleaning insectivorous bats. Call parameters (mean) are: minimum frequency 21-9 kHz, maximum frequency 44-6 kHz, peak frequency 30-9 kHz, bandwidth 21-4 kHz, and call duration 3-4 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No long-distance movements. In roosts, individuals hang well apart from one another. Numbers present in caves may vary throughoutthe year, and hibernating groups have been found in deep caves. Most southern and lowland records were obtained in winter and may indicate seasonal migrations from cold, highland regions. Females form maternity colonies in the breeding season, while males form small groups. Colony size varies from a few individuals during summer to over 500 in winter. Sometimes roosts with other bat species, including the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer ), and the Tricolored Bat ( Perimyotis subflavus ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Even though it is widespread with an expected sizeable population, and occurs in a number of protected areas,its population is thought to be declining; the species may qualify for listing as threatened in the near future. Bibliography. Barbour & Davis (1969), Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), Hall (1981), Handley (1955b, 1959), Lépez-Wilchis (2001), Lépez-Wilchis et al. (1995), Piaggio & Perkins (2005), Reid (2009), Simmons (2005), Tumlison (1992), Wilson & Ruff (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Corynorhinus		mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	65:47:00	Mexican Big-eared Bat	None.	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco.	Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan Yucatán (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959 b ) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Corynorhinus mexicanus	23	Mexican Big-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Corynorhinus	NA	mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	0	Corynorhinus_megalotis_mexicanus	Allen, G. M. (1916). Bats of the Genus Corynorhinus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 60, 347.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2747953#page/569/mode/1up	USNM 98285		"Mexico: Chihuahua, near Pacheco."			mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916	NA	NA	Mexico	North America	Nearctic	NT	0	0	0	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	sciname match	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17599	Corynorhinus mexicanus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Corynorhinus	mexicanus	G.M. Allen, 1916		20000000	Corynorhinus mexicanus	Near Threatened	A2ac	2019	2018-03-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Near Threatened because even though it has a wide distribution, presumed medium sized population and occurrence in a number of protected areas, its populations were considered to be declining of 20-25% in the last decade (based on observation at day roosts, and reduction of its availability) due to deterioration of the habitat and disruption of roosting sites, and might qualify for listing as threatened in the near future under criterion A2ac.	This species can be found in dry lowland areas to highland pine-oak forest (Reid 2009), including humid temperate forests of conifers. It roosts in caves and mine tunnels, but also abandoned buildings (Handley 1959). Individuals hang well apart from one another, clinging to vertical surfaces with feet and thumbs, ears coiled back, and tail curled under to cover the lower belly. Numbers present in caves may vary throughout the year, and hibernating groups (up to 1,000 individuals) have been found in deep caves. Most southern and lowland records were obtained in the winter and may be due to seasonal migrations from cold, highland regions (Hall and Dalquest 1963, Koopman 1974). Diet probably consists of small, flying insect. Single young are born in March or June (Tumlinson 1992, Reid 2009).	Apparently, its populations are decreasing by habitat loss and roost disturbance (Ceballos and Oliva 2005, López-González and Torres-Morales 2004), which result in a whole reduction in availability of the roosts required by the species (natural caves).	This species is uncommon (Ceballos and Oliva 2005), becoming rare in southeastern Mexico (known from few specimens); elsewhere, it is uncommon to locally common (Reid 2009). Apparently these populations are declining due to deterioration of the habitat and disruption of roosting sites.	Decreasing	This species is endemic to Mexico, and occurs in Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan and Yucatán, as well as in Cozumel Island (Ceballos and Oliva 2005, Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 3,200 m, usually above 1,500 m outside Yucatán (Reid 2009). Records from Yucatan peninsula are old records; although the original data for one location remains as questionable (F. Reid, pers. comm.), another is supported by voucher specimens (Koopman 1974).		Terrestrial	It is found in at least five protected areas in south-central Mexico. Reduction in the availability of natural caves can limit reproductive activity of colonies, which show very specific requirements.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Corynorhinus		mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	65:47:00	Mexican Big-eared Bat	None.	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco.	Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan Yucatán (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959 b ) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).	Corynorhinus mexicanus	1005655	23	Mexican Big-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Corynorhinus	NA	mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	0	Corynorhinus_megalotis_mexicanus	Allen, G. M. (1916). Bats of the Genus Corynorhinus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 60, 347.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2747953#page/569/mode/1up	USNM 98285		"Mexico: Chihuahua, near Pacheco."			mexicanus G. M. Allen, 1916	NA	NA				Mexico	North America	Nearctic	NT	0	0	0	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	sciname match	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	1005655	23	Mexican Big-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Corynorhinus	NA	mexicanus	G. M. Allen	0	Corynorhinus megalotis mexicanus	Allen, G.M. 1916-04-20. Bats of the genus _Corynorhinus_. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 60(9):331-356.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2748101	USNM:MAMM:98285	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f1365b55-904b-4de6-b13d-491e3aaef565	"Mexico: Chihuahua, near Pacheco."			previously included populations now attributed to the recently described C. leonpaniaguae	López-Cuamatzi, I. L., Ortega, J., Ospina-Garcés, S. M., Zúñiga, G., & MacSwiney G, M. C. (2024). Molecular and morphological data suggest a new species of big-eared bat (Vespertilionidae: Corynorhinus) endemic to northeastern Mexico. Plos one, 19(2), e0296275.				Mexico	North America	Nearctic	NT	0	0	0	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	sciname match	Corynorhinus_mexicanus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Corynorhinus		mexicanus	G. M. Allen	1916	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	65:47:00	Mexican Big-eared Bat	None.	Mexico, Chihuahua, Pacheco	Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan Yucatán (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17599/21976792/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992). Specimens now recognized as leonpaniaguae were formerly attributed to this species; see López-Cuamatzi et al. (2024). Mitochondrial genome characterized by Valencia M et al. (2024).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Corynorhinus mexicanus; Corynorhinus mexicanus; Corynorhinus mexicanus; Corynorhinus mexicanus; Corynorhinus mexicanus; Corynorhinus mexicanus; mexicanus; Oreillard du Mexique; Mexikanisches Langohr; Orejudode México; Mexican Big-eared Bat; Mexican Big-eared Bat; Mexican Big-eared Bat; Plecotus mexicanus; C. mexicanus