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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L184	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura brevirostris		[MSW3] See Bernard (2003).; [HMW] Emballonura brevirostris Wagner , 1843, “ Marabitanas .” Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to “Baraneiva” and clarified by D.. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as “Bananeira ( approximately 10°39’S , 65°23’W ), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia ), in the state of Mato Grosso .” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).; [IUCN] The genus Cormura is monotypic (Bernard 2003).; [batnames2023] Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).						pullus.			pullus			brevirostris	brevirostris - pullus	brevirostris, pullus	The genus Cormura is monotypic (Bernard 2003).	brevirostris	brevirostris - pullus	brevirostris, pullus	brevirostris, pulla	brevirostris 	brevirostris - pullus	brevirostris (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|pulla (G. S. Miller, 1906)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Wagner's sac-winged bat	Nicaragua – Peru, Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Cormura brevirostris	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.	Wagner	1843	Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9, 1:367.	Distribution: same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Wagner's sac-winged bat	Nicaragua – Peru, Brazil	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Wagner	1843	Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9, 1:367.		Nicaragua to Peru and Brazil.	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.		WAGNER	1843	Size medium (forearm length, 43-50 mm).	Distribution: same as for genus.	No subspecies.		47	species	C. brevirostris	WAGNER	1843	Cormura	genus	Cormura brevirostris				Size medium (forearm length, 43-50 mm).	No subspecies.		1. C. brevirostris (WAGNER 1843) (= pullus MIL LER, 1906).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Cormura brevirostris	Cormura		brevirostris	Wagner	y	1843		Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9	1		367		Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.	Nicaragua south to Peru and C Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	pullus Miller, 1906.	See Bernard (2003).	03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	364	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC04C0BFF6B3F32F633F5A8.xml	Cormura brevirostris	Emballonuridae	Cormura	brevirostris		1843	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat @en | Cormure des souches @fr | Kastanienbraune Sackflügelfledermaus @de | Cormuracastano @es | Cormura @en | Wagner's Sac-winged Bat @en	Emballonura brevirostris Wagner , 1843, “ Marabitanas .” Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to “Baraneiva” and clarified by D.. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as “Bananeira ( approximately 10°39’S , 65°23’W ), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia ), in the state of Mato Grosso .” This species is monotypic.	Widely distributed in Central and South America, from E Nicaragua to Panama, W of the Andes to NW Ecuador, and E of Andes from Venezuela and the Guianas to Amazonian Peru, C Brazil and N Bolivia.	Head—body 46-58 mm, tail 10—16 mm, ear 13-16 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 41-50 mm; weight 7-11 g. Dorsal fur of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat is thick, shiny , and chestnut-brown, with underparts slightly paler. Fur almost reaches tip of nose, but lower face is naked. Subadults andjuveniles have black fur. Facial skin, ears, and flight membranes are black. Ear is oval-shaped, and inner surface of pinna is heavily ribbed. Tragus is broad and square-topped. Wings attach to base of toes. Both sexes have wing sacs, which are vestigial in females; in breeding age males, they are large with opening extending to edge ofwing and outward from body. Calcar is about twice as long as foot. Tail is short, with free end extending at most 3 mm above tail membrane; tail membrane extends well beyond toes when extended. Skull has welldeveloped sagittal crest that is more robust in males. Upper incisors are minute. Lower incisors are slightly larger and form continuous row between canines. Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Karyotype is 2n = 22.	Along streams and forest edges in moist lowland multi-strata tropical evergreen forests from sea level to elevations of c.1000 m. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat forages in small open spaces including forest edges and tree fall gaps, flying in long, slow, beats between ground level and forest canopies.	The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat is an aerial insectivore that capably forages in cluttered space. When foraging in areas with Greater Sac-winged Bats ( Saccopteryx bilineata ) or Lesser Sac-winged Bats ( S . lepturd ), Chestnut Sac-winged Bats partition space by foraging higher aboveground (5-10 m) or farther from vegetation in gaps and forest edges. It flies faster and in wider circles (20-30 m across) than the Saccopteryx species.	In Panama, female Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are pregnant in April-May but not in June—September. In French Guiana, females are pregnant in August- September. Litter size is not reported.	Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are crepuscular. Foraging activity begins at dusk and continues for 10-15 minutes, after which observers found individuals to fly above the canopy and disappear, perhaps moving to different foraging areas. Foraging in the middle of the night is rare, but a secondary foraging period occurs shortly before dawn. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat roosts in tree hollows of living, rotting, and fallen trees and under concrete bridges. One group clung to underside of a large leaf of South American traveler’s palm { Phenakospermum guyannense , Strelitziaceae ). The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat emits search-phase echolocation calls in triplet pulses, with each subsequent sound pulse 2-3 kHz higher than the preceding pulse. First pulse has mean frequency of 25-4 kHz that rises to 28-7 kHz and 32-1 kHz on second and third pulses, respectively. Mean durations of these pulses are 5—10 milliseconds, and mean pulse intervals are 84-102 milliseconds. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats use search calls with components that are dominated by narrowband and small FM parts. These characteristics are well suited for detection of flying insects from relatively long-range detection distances, and similarly used by other members of the tribe Diclidurini .	Chestnut Sac-winged Bats roost in small groups. In French Guiana, roosting groups consisted of 2-5 individuals clustered in compact masses, with individuals touching each other back to belly in a stacked formation. Roosting groups in French Guinea sometimes consisted of more than one adult male but never more than one adult female. Females are able to locate young by contact calls emitted by young, which have been experimentally documented by a mother coming to a captive offspring held in a cloth bag.	Classified as Least Concern on 77/r IUCNRed List. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat has a large distribution, and there is no evidence of rapid population decline. In general, deforestation is a threat; however, taken in context of its large area of endemism, that threat is not presently a serious concern, especially because it occurs in protected reserves throughout its distribution. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are locally common in the Amazon Basin and uncommon in Central America lowland moist and wet forests, but it is not well studied because of limitations of early field investigations. As acoustic detection methodology is now becoming more common in Central America and South American, and such surveys likely will provide valuable insight on distribution and ecology of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat Its distribution follows areas of moist lowland forests, but due to loss of these forests, it might no longer occur in southernmost parts of its distribution.	Barclay (1983) | Bernard (2003) | Carter & Dolan (1978) | Emmons & eer (1997) | Fleming et al. (1972) | Hood & Gardner (2008) | Kalko (1995a) | Linares (1998) | von Pelzeln (1883) | Peters (1867a) | Reid (2009) | Simmons & Voss (1998) | Wagner (1843)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747962/files/figure.png	33 . Chestnut Sac-winged Bat Cormura brevirostris French: Cormure des souches / German: Kastanienbraune Sackflügelfledermaus / Spanish: Cormura castano Other common names: Wagner's Sac-winged Bat Taxonomy . Emballonura brevirostris Wagner , 1843, “ Marabitanas .” Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to “Baraneiva” and clarified by D.. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as “Bananeira ( approximately 10°39’S , 65°23’W ), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia ), in the state of Mato Grosso .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Widely distributed in Central and South America, from E Nicaragua to Panama, W of the Andes to NW Ecuador, and E of Andes from Venezuela and the Guianas to Amazonian Peru, C Brazil and N Bolivia. Descriptive notes. Head—body 46-58 mm, tail 10—16 mm, ear 13-16 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 41-50 mm; weight 7-11 g. Dorsal fur of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat is thick, shiny , and chestnut-brown, with underparts slightly paler. Fur almost reaches tip of nose, but lower face is naked. Subadults andjuveniles have black fur. Facial skin, ears, and flight membranes are black. Ear is oval-shaped, and inner surface of pinna is heavily ribbed. Tragus is broad and square-topped. Wings attach to base of toes. Both sexes have wing sacs, which are vestigial in females; in breeding age males, they are large with opening extending to edge ofwing and outward from body. Calcar is about twice as long as foot. Tail is short, with free end extending at most 3 mm above tail membrane; tail membrane extends well beyond toes when extended. Skull has welldeveloped sagittal crest that is more robust in males. Upper incisors are minute. Lower incisors are slightly larger and form continuous row between canines. Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Karyotype is 2n = 22. Habitat . Along streams and forest edges in moist lowland multi-strata tropical evergreen forests from sea level to elevations of c.1000 m. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat forages in small open spaces including forest edges and tree fall gaps, flying in long, slow, beats between ground level and forest canopies. Food and Feeding . The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat is an aerial insectivore that capably forages in cluttered space. When foraging in areas with Greater Sac-winged Bats ( Saccopteryx bilineata ) or Lesser Sac-winged Bats ( S . lepturd ), Chestnut Sac-winged Bats partition space by foraging higher aboveground (5-10 m) or farther from vegetation in gaps and forest edges. It flies faster and in wider circles (20-30 m across) than the Saccopteryx species. Breeding . In Panama, female Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are pregnant in April-May but not in June—September. In French Guiana, females are pregnant in August- September. Litter size is not reported. Activity patterns. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are crepuscular. Foraging activity begins at dusk and continues for 10-15 minutes, after which observers found individuals to fly above the canopy and disappear, perhaps moving to different foraging areas. Foraging in the middle of the night is rare, but a secondary foraging period occurs shortly before dawn. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat roosts in tree hollows of living, rotting, and fallen trees and under concrete bridges. One group clung to underside of a large leaf of South American traveler’s palm { Phenakospermum guyannense , Strelitziaceae ). The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat emits search-phase echolocation calls in triplet pulses, with each subsequent sound pulse 2-3 kHz higher than the preceding pulse. First pulse has mean frequency of 25-4 kHz that rises to 28-7 kHz and 32-1 kHz on second and third pulses, respectively. Mean durations of these pulses are 5—10 milliseconds, and mean pulse intervals are 84-102 milliseconds. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats use search calls with components that are dominated by narrowband and small FM parts. These characteristics are well suited for detection of flying insects from relatively long-range detection distances, and similarly used by other members of the tribe Diclidurini . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats roost in small groups. In French Guiana, roosting groups consisted of 2-5 individuals clustered in compact masses, with individuals touching each other back to belly in a stacked formation. Roosting groups in French Guinea sometimes consisted of more than one adult male but never more than one adult female. Females are able to locate young by contact calls emitted by young, which have been experimentally documented by a mother coming to a captive offspring held in a cloth bag. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on 77/r IUCNRed List. The Chestnut Sac-winged Bat has a large distribution, and there is no evidence of rapid population decline. In general, deforestation is a threat; however, taken in context of its large area of endemism, that threat is not presently a serious concern, especially because it occurs in protected reserves throughout its distribution. Chestnut Sac-winged Bats are locally common in the Amazon Basin and uncommon in Central America lowland moist and wet forests, but it is not well studied because of limitations of early field investigations. As acoustic detection methodology is now becoming more common in Central America and South American, and such surveys likely will provide valuable insight on distribution and ecology of the Chestnut Sac-winged Bat Its distribution follows areas of moist lowland forests, but due to loss of these forests, it might no longer occur in southernmost parts of its distribution. Bibliography. Barclay (1983), Bernard (2003), Carter & Dolan (1978), Emmons & eer (1997), Fleming eta/. (1972), Hood & Gardner (2008), Kalko (1995a), Linares (1998), von Pelzeln (1883), Peters (1867a), Reid (2009), Simmons & Voss (1998), Wagner (1843).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Cormura brevirostris	Cormura		brevirostris	Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	ser. 9, 1: 367	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	 pullus Miller, 1906.	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.	Nicaragua south to Peru and C Brazil, Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Cormura brevirostris	23	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	Wagner's Sac-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Cormura	NA	brevirostris	J. A. Wagner	1843	1						"Marabitanas." Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to "Baraneiva" and clarified by D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as "Bananeira (approximately 10°39'S, 65°23'W), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia), in the state of Mato Grosso."	-10.65	-65.38	brevirostris (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|pullus (G. S. Miller, 1906)	NA	NA	Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Cormura_brevirostris	0	sciname match	Cormura_brevirostris	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	41527	Cormura brevirostris	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Cormura	brevirostris	(Wagner, 1843)	The genus Cormura is monotypic (Bernard 2003).	20000000	Cormura brevirostris	Least Concern		2016	2016-07-01 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is confirmed as Least Concern as it is widespread, and unlikely to be declining rapidly.	These bats are associated with streams and moist areas, preferably in lowland and multistratal tropical evergreen forests (Reid 2009). They live in the forest and forage in small open spaces, chiefly flying in long, slow, beats of about 20 m long between the forest canopy and subcanopy (Emmons and Feer 1997). Frequently recorded at forest edges (Sampaio pers. comm.). Roosts in small groups in large, rotting hollow trees, or in tree hollows. Active soon after sunset, it feeds on small flying insects near forest edge or over water (Reid 2009). Cormura brevirostris has not been the subject of a detailed field study (Bernard 2003). It is an aerial insectivore of background cluttered space.	In general, deforestation is a potential threat to most organisms but is probably not specific to any species of New World emballonurid bats because none of them have a restricted area of endemism other than perhaps Balantioperyx infusca and Saccopteryx antioquensis .	Locally common in the Amazon but generally understudied (Bernard 2003). Uncommon and local in Central America, usually in lowland evergreen forests (Reid 2009). This species may be undersampled due to methodological issues.	Unknown	This species is found in Central and South America. It is widely distributed from central Nicaragua through Panama, west of the Andes to northwestern Ecuador, and east of the Andes from Venezuela and the Guianas to Amazonian Peru, central Brazil and northern Bolivia (Simmons 2005, Hood and Gardner 2008, Reid 2009). Found from lowlands to 1,000 m (Emmons and Feer 1997, Reid 2009, Linares 1998). Distribution follows moist lowland forest areas. Note that this species may no longer occur in the southernmost part of the range due to forest loss.		Terrestrial	Retention of primary forest. Presumably the species occurs in some protected areas. This is true for most New World emballonurid bats because they are usually widely distributed.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Cormura		brevirostris	Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	ser. 9, 1: 367	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	 pullus Miller, 1906.	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.	Nicaragua south to Peru and C Brazil, Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).	Cormura brevirostris	1004781	23	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	Wagner's Sac-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Cormura	NA	brevirostris	J. A. Wagner	1843	1						"Marabitanas." Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to "Baraneiva" and clarified by D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as "Bananeira (approximately 10°39'S, 65°23'W), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia), in the state of Mato Grosso."	-10.65	-65.3833	brevirostris (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|pullus (G. S. Miller, 1906)	NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Cormura_brevirostris	0	sciname match	Cormura_brevirostris	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Cormura_brevirostris	1004781	23	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	Wagner's Sac-winged Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Diclidurini	Cormura	NA	brevirostris	J. A. Wagner	1	Emballonura brevirostris	Wagner, J.A. 1843. Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflügler. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9(1):365-368.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13703398	NMW (unnumbered)	syntypes		"Marabitanas." Corrected by A. von Pelzeln in 1883 to "Baraneiva" and clarified by D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 as "Bananeira (approximately 10°39'S, 65°23'W), on the Rio Mamore (there forming the boundary between Brazil and Bolivia), in the state of Mato Grosso."	-10.65	-65.3833	NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Cormura_brevirostris	0	sciname match	Cormura_brevirostris	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Cormura		brevirostris	Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	ser. 9, 1: 367	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat	pullus Miller, 1906.	Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Marabitanas.	Nicaragua south to Peru and C Brazil, Bolivia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41527/22006450/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Possibly a species complex; see Corrêa et al. (2017). See Bernard (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Cormura brevirostris; Cormura brevirostris; Cormura brevirostris; Cormura brevirostris; Cormura brevirostris; Cormura brevirostris; pullus; pullus; brevirostris; pullus; Chestnut Sac-winged Bat; Cormure des souches; Kastanienbraune Sackflügelfledermaus; Cormuracastano; Cormura; Wagner's Sac-winged Bat; Chestnut Sac-winged Bat; Wagner's Sac-winged Bat; Chestnut Sac-winged Bat; Chestnut Sac-winged Bat; C. brevirostris