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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1678	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio murinus		[MSW3] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001b).; [HMW] Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Restricted by H. J. Baagge in 2001 to probably near Uppsala , central Sweden . The placement of Vespertilioamongst other members of the Vespertilioninae is uncertain with some genetic studies reporting the genus sister to what is recognized as Pipistrellini here and other reporting the genus sister to the rest of whatis Vespertilionini here. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic position of the genus. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001 b ).; [batnames2023] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001 b ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001b). For a discussion of the distribution of this species in Turkey see KarataÅŸ et al. (2022).						albogularis, discolor, krascheninnikovi, luteus, michnoi, siculus, ussuriensis.	ussuriensis, murinus	murinus, ussuriensis	albigularis, discolor, krascheninnikovi, luteus, michnoi, siculus	murinus, ussuriensis		murinus, ussuriensis	murinus - albigularis, discolor, krascheninnikovi, luteus, michnoi, siculus	murinus, discolor, krascheninnikovi, albigularis, siculus, luteus, michnoi, ussuriensis		murinus, ussuriensis	murinus - albigularis, discolor, krascheninnikovi, luteus, michnoi, siculus	murinus, discolor, krascheninnikovi, albigularis, siculus, luteus, michnoi, ussuriensis	murinus, discolor, krascheninnikovi, albigularis, siculus, luteus, michnoi, ussuriensis	murinus, ussuriensis	murinus - albigularis, discolor, krascheninnikovi, luteus, michnoi, siculus	murinus Linnaeus, 1758|discolor Kuhl, 1817|minimus Muirhead, 1819 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|krascheninikowii (Eversmann, 1853)|krascheninikovii (Fitzinger, 1870) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|albigularis (W. C. H. Peters, 1872)|siculus (Daday, 1885)|luteus (Kastschenko, 1905)|michnoi Kastschenko, 1913|ussuriensis L. Wallin, 1969|krascheninnikovi Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling | not used as valid]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Particolored bat	Scandinavia, Siberia – Iran, Afghanistan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Vespertilio murinus	Sweden.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.	Distribution: Ranging from western Europe to Afghanistan and southern Siberia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Particoloured bat	Scandinavia, Siberia – Iran, Afghanistan; vagrant	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.		Norway and Britain to Ussuri region (Russia), China, and Afghanistan.	Sweden.		LINNAEUS	1758	Size relatively small (forearm length, 40-47 mm; condylobasal length, 14-15 mm). Rostrum not greatly broadened.	Distribution: Ranging from western Europe to Afghanistan and southern Siberia.	Two subspecies are recognized:	V. m. ussuriensis (southeastern Siberia, Korea, northeastern China), V. m. murinus (remainder of range).	121	species	V. murinus	LINNAEUS	1758	Vespertilio	genus	Vespertilio murinus				Size relatively small (forearm length, 40-47 mm; condylobasal length, 14-15 mm). Rostrum not greatly broadened.	Two subspecies are recognized:		1. V. murinus LINNAEUS 1758.	1	_V. m. murinus_ Linnaeus, 1758 (synonyms: _albigularis_ (Peters, 1872), _discolor_ Kuhl, 1817, _krascheninikowii_ (Eversmann, 1853), _luteus_ (Кащенко, 1905), _michnoi_ Кащенко, 1913, _siculus_ (Daday, 1885)); _V. m. ussuriensis_ Wallin, 1969			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio		murinus	Linnaeus		1758		Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1		32		Particolored Bat	Sweden. Baagøe (2001b) indicated that the type locality is probably near Uppsala, Central Sweden.	E France, Britain, and Norway across C Russia, Caucasus, S Ural, S Siberia, Ussuri region (Russia), Mongolia, NE China, and Korea; Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, E Afghanistan and N Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	albigularis Peters, 1872; discolor Kuhl, 1819; krascheninnikovi Eversmann, 1853; luteus Kastschenko, 1905; michnoi Kastschenko, 1913; siculus Daday, 1885; ussuriensis Wallin, 1969.	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001b).	4C3D87E8FFE06A58FA87935B1B5EB8FD	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	785	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFE06A5FFF7C97B5141EBF8B.xml	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilio	murinus	Linnaeus	1758	Vespertilion bicolore @fr | Zweifarbfledermaus @de | Murciélagobicolor @es | Particolored Bat @en	Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Restricted by H. J. Baagge in 2001 to probably near Uppsala , central Sweden . The placement of Vespertilioamongst other members of the Vespertilioninae is uncertain with some genetic studies reporting the genus sister to what is recognized as Pipistrellini here and other reporting the genus sister to the rest of whatis Vespertilionini here. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic position of the genus. Two subspecies recognized.	V.m.murinusLinnaeus,1758—muchofEuropeandWAsiatoMongoliaandNWChina(XinjiangandGansu);alsoonerecordinSEArabia. V. m. ussuriensis Wallin, 1969 — E Siberia, Russian Far East, NE China ( Heilongjiang ), NE North Korea , and Japan ( Hokkaido , Rebun, N Honshu, and Hegura Is).	Head-body 48-64 mm, tail 37-44-5 mm, ear 14-15-6 mm, hindfoot 8: 4—10 mm , forearm 40-8-50-3 mm; weight 10-24 g. The Eurasian Particolored Batis characterized by a striking contrast between dorsal and ventral coloration; long fur is dark, always frosted with silver on dorsum and distinctly whitish, sometimes shadowed with yellowish or cream, on venter. Coloration is similar to that of Savi’s Pipistrelle ( Hypsugo savii ), but the present species is much bulkier. Tragus is wide and short, resembling that of noctules ( Nyctalus spp. ). This species has narrow wings (wingspan 270-310 mm) adapted to fast flight and foraging in semi-open spaces and clearings. Patagium is clearly dark or black and attached to the base of the toes. Unlike other sympatric species, females always have four nipples. Where visible, skin is dark. Compared to similar species, penisis thin, black, and long (7-8 mm). Ears are short and rounded. Dental formula for both species of Vespertiliois 12/3, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Skull is short and broad, with condylo-basal length 14-2-15-5 mm, maxillary tooth row 5-6-1 mm, zygomatic width 9-5-10-2 mm, and interorbital width 3-8-4-7 mm. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 50.	Semi-desert habitats, urban areas, agricultural lands, shrublands, and riparian habitats. Most foraging takes place in meadows and open agricultural areas, also above forests, or over water. In the southern part ofits distribution, the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mainly found in medium-high to high mountains. It has been recorded from sea level to 3400 m .	The Eurasian Particolored Bat feeds on midges, moths, and beetles usually 10-40 m aboveground or the vegetation surface, or around streetlamps, and usually in fast, agile flight. Diptera , aphids, and moths represent the most common items in its diet (60-80%), but other flying insects such as Coleoptera , Trichoptera, Nematocera , Hemiptera , and Neuroptera have also been reported as occasional food items. In Switzerland , males have been reported to hunt over water (mostly lakes) and human settlements while females hunt over open agricultural land and forests.	In the north of its range, the species breeds in colonies of up to 50 individuals (exceptionally a few hundred), from May to August. Maternity colonies are usually found in buildings (including cellars, barns or roofs), and sometimes in hollow trees, rock crevices and bat boxes, in western and Central Europe. During this period, males can roost either individually or in large colonies of up to 300 individuals, sometimes far from the maternity colony. This species gives birth from end of May to July, usually with a couple of offspring per year (there are reports of three young per female). During autumn, the mating period, males are highly active and display using very obviousterritorial social calls while flying above the canopy or in sites surrounded by woodlands. Greatest recorded longevity for this speciesis 14-5 years.	The Eurasian Particolored Bat is usually detected foraging late in the evening, with a straight,fast flight at high altitudes. In winter,it has been reported roosting in rock crevices, buildings, tree holes, and cellars. Foraging area has been calculated to be ¢. 80 km ? for males, and c. 15 km ? for females, usually reflecting distances of 2-20 km from the main roost. This species uses QCF calls with a frequency of maximum energy of 22-27 kHz. Pulses generally have a first FM component followed by a CF cue containing the peak frequency; this makes them difficult to identify, as echolocation strongly resembles that of Leisler’s Noctule ( Nyctalus leisleri ), the Eurasian Serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus ), and the Northern Serotine (FE. nilssonit). However, territorial calls are very distinctive, especially during the mating season.	Even though the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mostly sedentary, it is one of the few species that are known to migrate facultatively over long distances in Europe, with recorded movements up to 1780 km from Russia to France . Large nursery and male colonies are only reported for the south-western populations (e.g. Switzerland , Bavaria, and Austria ). However, further south only males have been found so far. Hibernating bats are reported in buildings, cliffs, and castle ruins, but rarely in caves or mines. In winter, the species has been reported in small groups.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eurasian Particolored Bat is a widespread species across Europe with an apparently large population. Although it seems not to be one of the most abundant species, it has a wide geographical distribution, and seems to be expanding in countries such as Denmark or Netherlands . Although no major threats are officially recognized forthis species, loss of habitat and roosts, as well as roost disturbance and mortality in wind farms (due to its high-altitude flight), might have major effects on its conservation.	Abe et al. (2005) | Ahlén & Baagee (1999) | Alberdi, Aihartza et al. (2012) | Baagee (1984, 1999, 2001a) | Beck (1995) | Benda et al. (2012) | Blant & Jaberg (1995) | Coroiu (2016a) | Dietz & Kiefer (2016) | Horaéek et al. (2000) | Hutterer et al. (2005) | Jaberg & Blant (2003) | Kawai, Fukui et al. (2010) | Kawai, Yamamoto etal. (2015) | Koopman (1993) | Lorente et al. (2010) | Markovets et al. (2004) | Masing (1989) | Molur et al. (2002) | Monadjem, Joubert et al. (2016) | Ortega & Merino (2015) | Pacifici et al. (2013) | Rydell (1992a, 1992b) | Rydell & Baagee (1994) | Rydell et al. (2010) | Safi et al. (2007) | Schaub & Schnitzler (2007) | Schober & Grimmberger (1998) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Sokolov & Orlov (1980) | Stubbe & Chotolchu (1968) | Tinnin et al. (2002) | Zagmajster (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397874/files/figure.png	49. Eurasian Particolored Bat Vespertilio murinus French: Vespertilion bicolore / German: Zweifarbfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago bicolor Other common names: Particolored Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Restricted by H. J. Baagge in 2001 to probably near Uppsala , central Sweden . The placement of Vespertilioamongst other members of the Vespertilioninae is uncertain with some genetic studies reporting the genus sister to what is recognized as Pipistrellini here and other reporting the genus sister to the rest of whatis Vespertilionini here. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic position of the genus. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. V.m.murinusLinnaeus,1758—muchofEuropeandWAsiatoMongoliaandNWChina(XinjiangandGansu);alsoonerecordinSEArabia. V. m. ussuriensis Wallin, 1969 — E Siberia, Russian Far East, NE China ( Heilongjiang ), NE North Korea , and Japan ( Hokkaido , Rebun, N Honshu, and Hegura Is). Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-64 mm, tail 37-44-5 mm, ear 14-15-6 mm, hindfoot 8: 4—10 mm , forearm 40-8-50-3 mm; weight 10-24 g. The Eurasian Particolored Batis characterized by a striking contrast between dorsal and ventral coloration; long fur is dark, always frosted with silver on dorsum and distinctly whitish, sometimes shadowed with yellowish or cream, on venter. Coloration is similar to that of Savi’s Pipistrelle ( Hypsugo savii ), but the present species is much bulkier. Tragus is wide and short, resembling that of noctules ( Nyctalus spp. ). This species has narrow wings (wingspan 270-310 mm) adapted to fast flight and foraging in semi-open spaces and clearings. Patagium is clearly dark or black and attached to the base of the toes. Unlike other sympatric species, females always have four nipples. Where visible, skin is dark. Compared to similar species, penisis thin, black, and long (7-8 mm). Ears are short and rounded. Dental formula for both species of Vespertiliois 12/3, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Skull is short and broad, with condylo-basal length 14-2-15-5 mm, maxillary tooth row 5-6-1 mm, zygomatic width 9-5-10-2 mm, and interorbital width 3-8-4-7 mm. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 50. Habitat. Semi-desert habitats, urban areas, agricultural lands, shrublands, and riparian habitats. Most foraging takes place in meadows and open agricultural areas, also above forests, or over water. In the southern part ofits distribution, the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mainly found in medium-high to high mountains. It has been recorded from sea level to 3400 m . Food and Feeding. The Eurasian Particolored Bat feeds on midges, moths, and beetles usually 10-40 m aboveground or the vegetation surface, or around streetlamps, and usually in fast, agile flight. Diptera , aphids, and moths represent the most common items in its diet (60-80%), but other flying insects such as Coleoptera , Trichoptera, Nematocera , Hemiptera , and Neuroptera have also been reported as occasional food items. In Switzerland , males have been reported to hunt over water (mostly lakes) and human settlements while females hunt over open agricultural land and forests. Breeding. In the north of its range, the species breeds in colonies of up to 50 individuals (exceptionally a few hundred), from May to August. Maternity colonies are usually found in buildings (including cellars, barns or roofs), and sometimes in hollow trees, rock crevices and bat boxes, in western and Central Europe. During this period, males can roost either individually or in large colonies of up to 300 individuals, sometimes far from the maternity colony. This species gives birth from end of May to July, usually with a couple of offspring per year (there are reports of three young per female). During autumn, the mating period, males are highly active and display using very obviousterritorial social calls while flying above the canopy or in sites surrounded by woodlands. Greatest recorded longevity for this speciesis 14-5 years. Activity patterns. The Eurasian Particolored Bat is usually detected foraging late in the evening, with a straight,fast flight at high altitudes. In winter,it has been reported roosting in rock crevices, buildings, tree holes, and cellars. Foraging area has been calculated to be ¢. 80 km ? for males, and c. 15 km ? for females, usually reflecting distances of 2-20 km from the main roost. This species uses QCF calls with a frequency of maximum energy of 22-27 kHz. Pulses generally have a first FM component followed by a CF cue containing the peak frequency; this makes them difficult to identify, as echolocation strongly resembles that of Leisler’s Noctule ( Nyctalus leisleri ), the Eurasian Serotine ( Eptesicus serotinus ), and the Northern Serotine (FE. nilssonit). However, territorial calls are very distinctive, especially during the mating season. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Even though the Eurasian Particolored Bat is mostly sedentary, it is one of the few species that are known to migrate facultatively over long distances in Europe, with recorded movements up to 1780 km from Russia to France . Large nursery and male colonies are only reported for the south-western populations (e.g. Switzerland , Bavaria, and Austria ). However, further south only males have been found so far. Hibernating bats are reported in buildings, cliffs, and castle ruins, but rarely in caves or mines. In winter, the species has been reported in small groups. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Eurasian Particolored Bat is a widespread species across Europe with an apparently large population. Although it seems not to be one of the most abundant species, it has a wide geographical distribution, and seems to be expanding in countries such as Denmark or Netherlands . Although no major threats are officially recognized forthis species, loss of habitat and roosts, as well as roost disturbance and mortality in wind farms (due to its high-altitude flight), might have major effects on its conservation. Bibliography. Abe et al. (2005), Ahlén & Baagee (1999), Alberdi, Aihartza et al. (2012), Baagee (1984, 1999, 2001a), Beck (1995), Benda et al. (2012), Blant & Jaberg (1995), Coroiu (2016a), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Horaéek et al. (2000), Hutterer et al. (2005), Jaberg & Blant (2003), Kawai, Fukui et al. (2010), Kawai, Yamamoto etal. (2015), Koopman (1993), Lorente et al. (2010), Markovets et al. (2004), Masing (1989), Molur et al. (2002), Monadjem, Joubert et al. (2016), Ortega & Merino (2015), Pacifici et al. (2013), Rydell (1992a, 1992b), Rydell & Baagee (1994), Rydell et al. (2010), Safi et al. (2007), Schaub & Schnitzler (2007), Schober & Grimmberger (1998), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Sokolov & Orlov (1980), Stubbe & Chotolchu (1968), Tinnin et al. (2002), Zagmajster (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilio murinus	Vespertilio		murinus	Linnaeus	1758	0	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Particolored Bat	 albigularis Peters, 1872; discolor Kuhl, 1819; krascheninnikovi Eversmann, 1853; luteus Kastschenko, 1905; michnoi Kastschenko, 1913; siculus Daday, 1885; <b> ussuriensis </b> Wallin, 1969.	Sweden. Baagøe (2001b) indicated that the type locality is probably near Uppsala, Central Sweden.	E France, Britain, and Norway across C Russia, Caucasus, S Ural, S Siberia, Ussuri region (Russia), Mongolia, NE China, and Korea; Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, E Afghanistan and N Pakistan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001 b ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Vespertilio murinus	23	Eurasian Particolored Bat	Particolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Vespertilio	NA	murinus	Linnaeus	1758	0						"Europa." Restricted by H. J. Baagøe in 2001 to probably near Uppsala, central Sweden.			murinus Linnaeus, 1758|discolor Kuhl, 1819|krascheninnikovi (Eversmann 1853)|albigularis (W. Peters, 1872)|siculus (Daday, 1885)|luteus Kastschenko, 1905|michnoi Kastschenko, 1913|ussuriensis Wallin, 1969	NA	NA	United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|France|Belgium|Luxembourg|Netherlands|Germany|Denmark|Switzerland|Italy|Liechtenstein|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Slovakia|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|Pakistan|China|Mongolia|North Korea|Japan	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Vespertilio_murinus	0	sciname match	Vespertilio_murinus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22947	Vespertilio murinus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Vespertilio	murinus	Linnaeus, 1758		20000000	Vespertilio murinus	Least Concern		2016	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern, because this species has a large population size and a wide distribution. No declines in population size have been detected, and there are no known widespread major threats.	The Particoloured Bat (Vespertilio murinus ) forages in open areas over various habitat types (forest, semi-desert, urban, steppe, agricultural land). It feeds on moths and beetles. Summer roosts tend to be situated in houses or other buildings; also rarely hollow trees, nest boxes, or rock crevices. Winter roost sites include rock fissures, often (as a substitute) crevices in tall buildings (including, or especially, in cities), occasionally tree holes or cellars. Winter roosts are usually in colder sites that are exposed to temperature changes. Migrations of up to 1,780 km have been recorded (Markovets et al. 2004), although the species is sedentary in a large part of its range. This nocturnal species appears late in the evening, sleeping in narrow crevices during the day. It lives in small colonies and often single individuals are sighted. It hibernates throughout the winter. Young are born in June/July, generally 2 at a time, and are stuck onto the chest of the mother during flight.	There are no major threats to this species across its range. In Europe, although not a major threat, the species is affected by loss of, or disturbance to, roosts in buildings.	An abundant species in northern parts of its European range. Summer maternity colonies number 30-50 (exceptionally 200) females; males may also form large colonies in summer. In winter it usually occurs singly or in small groups (although clusters of up to 30 have been recorded). Populations are expanding in some parts of the range, for example Denmark (H. J. Baagøe pers. comm.) and the Netherlands (H.J.G.A. Limpens pers. comm.). This species has a wide distribution, but a low abundance within Mongolia (M. Stubbe pers. comm.).	Stable	The Particoloured Bat ; (Vespertilio murinus ) ;has a wide distribution in the northern Palaearctic, from France, Britain and the Netherlands in the west through central, northern, and eastern Europe and Siberia to the Pacific coast. In the Mediterranean region this species occurs from southeastern France eastwards through northern Italy and Switzerland into most of the Balkans. Recent records of this species emerged from central France to the Pyrenees (Alberdi et al. 2012, Lorente et al. 2010). ;There are scattered records from Turkey. In Japan, one individual has been recorded from Rebun Island, 2002 (Abe ;et al. ;2005) three in Chitose, Haboro and Minmaya respectively (Kawai et al. 2010) and one in the Ishikawa Prefecture (Kawai et al. 2015). The northern limit is above 60°N in Fennoscandia and ca . 63°N in Russia, and the southern limit of its range passes through the Balkan peninsula, northern Iran, central Asia, Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and China. The southern records refer to wintering individuals, and the westernmost records refer to vagrants, although it has been hypothesized that individuals found in Japan could be migrating ones. Breeding is restricted to the northern part of the range in this migratory species. It occurs from sea level to 3,400 m (Molur et al. 2002). In Mongolia, it was first recorded in 1964 in Shargyn Govi in Mongol Altai Mountain Range (Stubbe and Chotolchu, 1968), currently distributed throughout Mongolia including Hentii and Hangai mountain ranges (Tinnin et al. , 2002), and Valley of the Lakes (Sokolov and Orlov, 1980). In China, the subspecies V. m. murinus Linnaeus, 1758 occurs in the provinces of Xinjiang (northwest China) and Gansu (central China), and V. m. ussuriensis Wallin, 1969 occurs in the provinces of Nei Mongol and Heilongjiang.		Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in most range states. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention, in parts of its range where these apply. It is included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive. It occurs in several protected areas throughout its range.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilio		murinus	Linnaeus	1758	0	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Particolored Bat	 albigularis Peters, 1872; discolor Kuhl, 1819; krascheninnikovi Eversmann, 1853; luteus Kastschenko, 1905; michnoi Kastschenko, 1913; siculus Daday, 1885; <b> ussuriensis </b> Wallin, 1969.	Sweden. Baagøe (2001b) indicated that the type locality is probably near Uppsala, Central Sweden.	E France, Britain, and Norway across C Russia, Caucasus, S Ural, S Siberia, Ussuri region (Russia), Mongolia, NE China, and Korea; Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, E Afghanistan and N Pakistan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001 b ).	Vespertilio murinus	1005792	23	Eurasian Particolored Bat	Particolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Vespertilio	NA	murinus	Linnaeus	1758	0						"Europa." Restricted by H. J. Baagøe in 2001 to probably near Uppsala, central Sweden.			murinus Linnaeus, 1758|discolor Kuhl, 1819|krascheninnikovi (Eversmann 1853)|albigularis (W. Peters, 1872)|siculus (Daday, 1885)|luteus Kastschenko, 1905|michnoi Kastschenko, 1913|ussuriensis Wallin, 1969	NA	NA				United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|France|Belgium|Luxembourg|Netherlands|Germany|Denmark|Switzerland|Italy|Liechtenstein|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Slovakia|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|Pakistan|China|Mongolia|North Korea|Japan	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Vespertilio_murinus	0	sciname match	Vespertilio_murinus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Vespertilio_murinus	1005792	23	Eurasian Particolored Bat	Particolored Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Vespertilio	NA	murinus	Linnaeus	0	Vespertilio murinus	Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033824				"Europa." Restricted by H. J. Baagøe in 2001 to probably near Uppsala, central Sweden.			NA	NA				United Kingdom|Norway|Sweden|Finland|France|Belgium|Luxembourg|Netherlands|Germany|Denmark|Switzerland|Italy|Liechtenstein|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Slovakia|Hungary|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|Pakistan|China|Mongolia|North Korea|Japan	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Vespertilio_murinus	0	sciname match	Vespertilio_murinus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilio		murinus	Linnaeus	1758	0	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Particolored Bat	albigularis Peters, 1872; discolor Kuhl, 1819; krascheninnikovi Eversmann, 1853; luteus Kastschenko, 1905; michnoi Kastschenko, 1913; siculus Daday, 1885; ussuriensis Wallin, 1969.	Sweden. Baagøe (2001b) indicated that the type locality is probably near Uppsala, Central Sweden.	E France, Britain, and Norway across C Russia, Caucasus, S Ural, S Siberia, Ussuri region (Russia), Mongolia, NE China, and Korea; Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, E Afghanistan and N Pakistan.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22947/22071456/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001b). For a discussion of the distribution of this species in Turkey see KarataÅŸ et al. (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Vespertilio murinus; Vespertilio murinus; Vespertilio murinus; Vespertilio murinus; Vespertilio murinus; Vespertilio murinus; murinus; ussuriensis; albigularis; discolor; krascheninnikovi; luteus; michnoi; siculus; murinus; ussuriensis; ussuriensis; albigularis; discolor; krascheninnikovi; luteus; michnoi; siculus; murinus; discolor; krascheninnikovi; albigularis; siculus; luteus; michnoi; ussuriensis; Vespertilion bicolore; Zweifarbfledermaus; Murciélagobicolor; Particolored Bat; Eurasian Particolored Bat; Particolored Bat; Particolored Bat; Particolored Bat; V. murinus