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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1673	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Pipistrellus finlaysoni	N/A	N/A	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus finlaysoni		[MSW3] caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).; [HMW] Eptesicus finlaysoni Kitchener, B. Jones & Caputi, 1987 , “Cossack, Western Australia ( 20°41’S , 117°11’E ) at altitude ca. 5 m , from roof of ‘Customs House’,” Australis. This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).; [IUCN] No taxonomic issues are apparent but the m</span>orphometric distinctness of a geographic group in the Carnarvon Basin / Cape Range </span>area, relative to remaining geographically defined groups (Kitchener et al . 1987) has not </span>been examined in detail.</span>; [batnames2023]  caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] caurinusspecies group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).														finlaysoni	No taxonomic issues are apparent but the m</span>orphometric distinctness of a geographic group in the Carnarvon Basin / Cape Range </span>area, relative to remaining geographically defined groups (Kitchener et al . 1987) has not </span>been examined in detail.</span>			finlaysoni	finlaysoni			finlaysoni (D. J. Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi, 1987)						N/A							Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		W, C Australia; ref. 4.129																															NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus		finlaysoni	Kitchener, Jones, and Caputi	y	1987		Rec. West, Aust. Mus.	13		456		Finlayson's Forest Bat	Australia, Western Australia, Cossack.	Western and central Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus finlaysoni.		caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).	4C3D87E8FFD86A67FF8392B91848B9D8	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	791	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFDA6A66FA8B9FA41A19B22A.xml	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespertilionidae	Vespadelus	finlaysoni		1987	Vespertilion de Finlayson @fr | Finlayson-Waldfledermaus @de | Vespadela de Finalyson @es | Other common names @en | nland Cave Bat @en | Little Brown Bat @en | Little Cave Eptesicus @en	Eptesicus finlaysoni Kitchener, B. Jones & Caputi, 1987 , “Cossack, Western Australia ( 20°41’S , 117°11’E ) at altitude ca. 5 m , from roof of ‘Customs House’,” Australis. This species is monotypic.	Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia , including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is.	Head-body 34-3-46-4 mm, tail 30-7-42 mm, ear 9-3-13-2 mm, forearm 29-8-37-6 mm; weight 3-7 g. Finlayson’s Cave Bat is somewhat morphometrically variable throughoutits distribution. Dorsal pelage is very dark brown, nearly black, with a yellowish or reddish tinge (hairs with either dark rust-brown or yellow-brown tips), whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Bare portions offace, ears, forearms, and membranes are blackish. Ears are small and rounded triangular with a smoothly convex anterior edge; tragusis narrow, anteriorly straight orslightly concave, posteriorly convex, and with rounded tip and slight posterobasal lobe. Uropatagium stretches to end oftail. Head of glans penis is laterally compressed, and rod-shaped, and has narrow strip of skin projecting upward from ventral tip; dorsal surface has a deep longitudinal groove, and ventral surface a slight keel; urethra is at distal end of penis. Baculum is moderately long (mean 3-2 mm in central-eastern range, 2-8 mm in central-western/Pilbara range, and 2: 2 mm in north-western coastal range) with a dorsally rod-shaped shaft, and slightly bifurcated and expanded base; gently curved ventrally at base and tip (base more so than tip). Skull is short; lambdoidal crest is weakly to well developed; anterior narial notch is narrow U-shaped to V-shaped; rostrum is short. I? is bicuspid, I is unicuspid; P* is much smaller than canine, and within tooth row; crista linking base of metacone and hypocone on M' is absent, slight, or moderate, and absent or slight on M?.	Found in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, spinifex grasslands, savanna woodlands, open forests, mulga ( Acacia , Fabaceae ), and a number of other shrubby and arid desert habitats, generally close to rocky outcrops or caves.	Finlayson’s Cave Bats are insectivorous, and forage in cluttered areas of vegetation, canopies, escarpments, scree slopes, and other surfaces. They are often observed foraging over water.	Timing of reproduction varies throughout the range: in northern portion of the range, Finlayson’s Cave Bat appears to breed year-round, with peaks in births in March and September to October; but in south, the species has a single breeding season, with births in November or December. Mating has been observed in late June: male couples with female from rear, while hanging from ceiling. Litter size is one or two, with more single young in north (20% are twins) and more twins in south. Females carry their young for first week but then begin to leave them at the roost at night. Nursing females are typically found further into their cave or mine roosts, where temperature is more constant. Young start attempting flight at 2-3 weeks, and are volant by 3-4 weeks old.	Finlayson’s Cave Bats leave their roosts at dusk, to forage at night. They roost primarily in caves, crevices, and abandoned mines (typically close to the entrance). They are also occasionally reported to roost in abandoned nests of fairy martins ( Petrochelidon ariel ). Call shape is a steep FM/QCF with characteristic frequency recorded at 53 kHz, in the Top End region.	Finlayson’s Cave Bat has been recorded at speeds of 19-5 km/h during straight and level flight, although it often zigzags, rapidly changes direction, and performs alternating series of near vertical rolls in opposite directions. Colony size is generally 2-20 individuals but can exceed 500; unlike several other cave-dwelling bats, it does not create maternity colonies. It rarely switches roosting sites. Females and males have distinct roosting habits, with females typically roosting in large clusters and males usually in smaller groups (often in inaccessible crevices). The species seems to prefer roosts with low humidity (under 30% relative humidity) and a temperature range of 16-35°C. A colony that contained over 200 young roosting separated from the adults was observed by S. K. Churchill in western Queensland , in 2008. The young roosted in tightly clumped groups in the warm part of an abandoned mine. Interestingly, when disturbed, they flew off and separated, joining the small clusters of adults that were scattered throughout the mine. The species has been recorded sharing caves and mines with Taphozous species, as well as the Ghost False-vampire (Macroderma gigas), which is also one ofits few natural predators.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There do not currently appear to be any major threats to this species. Finlayson’s Cave Bat is relatively common throughoutits distribution.	Churchill (2008) | Ford & Le Brocque (2000) | Kitchener et al. (1987) | Maddock & McLeod (1976) | McKenzie & Muir (2000) | McKenzie & Reardon (2008) | McKenzie et al. (2002) | Milne, Armstrong et al. (2004) | Milne, Fisher & Pavey (2006) | Reardon, Milne et al. (2008) | Young & Ford (2000)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397906/files/figure.png	64. Finlayson’s Cave Bat Vespadelus finlaysoni French: Vespertilion de Finlayson / German: Finlayson-Waldfledermaus / Spanish: Vespadela de Finalyson Other common names: Inland Cave Bat , Little Brown Bat , Little Cave Eptesicus Taxonomy. Eptesicus finlaysoni Kitchener, B. Jones & Caputi, 1987 , “Cossack, Western Australia ( 20°41’S , 117°11’E ) at altitude ca. 5 m , from roof of ‘Customs House’,” Australis. This species is monotypic. Distribution. Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia , including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body 34-3-46-4 mm, tail 30-7-42 mm, ear 9-3-13-2 mm, forearm 29-8-37-6 mm; weight 3-7 g. Finlayson’s Cave Bat is somewhat morphometrically variable throughoutits distribution. Dorsal pelage is very dark brown, nearly black, with a yellowish or reddish tinge (hairs with either dark rust-brown or yellow-brown tips), whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Bare portions offace, ears, forearms, and membranes are blackish. Ears are small and rounded triangular with a smoothly convex anterior edge; tragusis narrow, anteriorly straight orslightly concave, posteriorly convex, and with rounded tip and slight posterobasal lobe. Uropatagium stretches to end oftail. Head of glans penis is laterally compressed, and rod-shaped, and has narrow strip of skin projecting upward from ventral tip; dorsal surface has a deep longitudinal groove, and ventral surface a slight keel; urethra is at distal end of penis. Baculum is moderately long (mean 3-2 mm in central-eastern range, 2-8 mm in central-western/Pilbara range, and 2: 2 mm in north-western coastal range) with a dorsally rod-shaped shaft, and slightly bifurcated and expanded base; gently curved ventrally at base and tip (base more so than tip). Skull is short; lambdoidal crest is weakly to well developed; anterior narial notch is narrow U-shaped to V-shaped; rostrum is short. I? is bicuspid, I is unicuspid; P* is much smaller than canine, and within tooth row; crista linking base of metacone and hypocone on M' is absent, slight, or moderate, and absent or slight on M?. Habitat. Found in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands, spinifex grasslands, savanna woodlands, open forests, mulga ( Acacia , Fabaceae ), and a number of other shrubby and arid desert habitats, generally close to rocky outcrops or caves. Food and Feeding. Finlayson’s Cave Bats are insectivorous, and forage in cluttered areas of vegetation, canopies, escarpments, scree slopes, and other surfaces. They are often observed foraging over water. Breeding. Timing of reproduction varies throughout the range: in northern portion of the range, Finlayson’s Cave Bat appears to breed year-round, with peaks in births in March and September to October; but in south, the species has a single breeding season, with births in November or December. Mating has been observed in late June: male couples with female from rear, while hanging from ceiling. Litter size is one or two, with more single young in north (20% are twins) and more twins in south. Females carry their young for first week but then begin to leave them at the roost at night. Nursing females are typically found further into their cave or mine roosts, where temperature is more constant. Young start attempting flight at 2-3 weeks, and are volant by 3-4 weeks old. Activity patterns. Finlayson’s Cave Bats leave their roosts at dusk, to forage at night. They roost primarily in caves, crevices, and abandoned mines (typically close to the entrance). They are also occasionally reported to roost in abandoned nests of fairy martins ( Petrochelidon ariel ). Call shape is a steep FM/QCF with characteristic frequency recorded at 53 kHz, in the Top End region. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Finlayson’s Cave Bat has been recorded at speeds of 19-5 km/h during straight and level flight, although it often zigzags, rapidly changes direction, and performs alternating series of near vertical rolls in opposite directions. Colony size is generally 2-20 individuals but can exceed 500; unlike several other cave-dwelling bats, it does not create maternity colonies. It rarely switches roosting sites. Females and males have distinct roosting habits, with females typically roosting in large clusters and males usually in smaller groups (often in inaccessible crevices). The species seems to prefer roosts with low humidity (under 30% relative humidity) and a temperature range of 16-35°C. A colony that contained over 200 young roosting separated from the adults was observed by S. K. Churchill in western Queensland , in 2008. The young roosted in tightly clumped groups in the warm part of an abandoned mine. Interestingly, when disturbed, they flew off and separated, joining the small clusters of adults that were scattered throughout the mine. The species has been recorded sharing caves and mines with Taphozous species, as well as the Ghost False-vampire (Macroderma gigas), which is also one ofits few natural predators. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There do not currently appear to be any major threats to this species. Finlayson’s Cave Bat is relatively common throughoutits distribution. Bibliography. Churchill (2008), Ford & Le Brocque (2000), Kitchener et al. (1987), Maddock & McLeod (1976), McKenzie & Muir (2000), McKenzie & Reardon (2008), McKenzie et al. (2002), Milne, Armstrong et al. (2004), Milne, Fisher & Pavey (2006), Reardon, Milne et al. (2008), Young & Ford (2000).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Vespadelus		finlaysoni	Kitchener, Jones & Caputi	1987	1	Rec. West, Aust. Mus.	0.8583	Finlayson's Forest Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, Cossack.	Western and central Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Vespadelus finlaysoni	23	Finlayson's Cave Bat	Inland Cave Bat|Little Brown Bat|Little Cave Eptesicus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Vespadelus	NA	finlaysoni	Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi	1987	1	Eptesicus_finlaysoni	Kitchener, D. J., Jones, B. & Caputi, N. (1987). Revision of the Australian Eptesicus (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 13(4), 456.	http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/records-supplements/records/revision-australian-eptesicus-microchiroptera-vespertilionidae	WAM M22407		"Cossack, Western Australia (20°41'S, 117°11'E) at altitude ca. 5 m, from roof of ‘Customs House'," Australia.	-20.68	117.18	finlaysoni (Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi, 1987)	NA	NA	Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	sciname match	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	7924	Vespadelus finlaysoni	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Vespadelus	finlaysoni	(Kitchener, Jones &; Caputi, 1987)	No taxonomic issues are apparent but the m</span>orphometric distinctness of a geographic group in the Carnarvon Basin / Cape Range </span>area, relative to remaining geographically defined groups (Kitchener et al . 1987) has not </span>been examined in detail.</span>	20000000	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Least Concern		2021	2020-11-22 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span id="docs-internal-guid-05b38a61-7fff-e75c-c9ec-2da9f8423f39">This species is assessed as Least Concern given its wide distribution over much of northern and central Australia, use of a broad range of habitats containing rocky outcrop, presumed large population size, occurrence in protected areas, and the absence of evidence for a decline.	<span id="docs-internal-guid-b9788628-7fff-43cf-b925-ae90dd5e9f4f"><p>This species occurs in a variety of northern Australian habitat types, including deserts through to tropical moist areas in the north (Reardon et al. 2008). It is generally located close to rocky areas with caves, cracks, and crevices in which the species roosts. It also roosts in abandoned mines. Females may breed twice a year and give birth to a single young, although about a fifth of births are of twins (Reardon et al. 2008). Its echolocation call has a typical frequency modulated (FM) shape with a rising terminal portion and a characteristic frequency of around 53 kHz, but recordings of calls at the entrance to a roost typically capture a variety of signal types.</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-d7f3a54d-7fff-3ff2-80e0-b3cf02ebe948"><p>There appear to be no major threats to this species. Like any cave-roosting bat, it is vulnerable within its roosts, but it does not appear to be as sensitive to disturbance as some other bat species in shares roosts within northern Australia.</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-10ab6904-7fff-2977-647c-384c5d1c2a2f"><p>Population-level data are lacking for the species. It is reportedly a relatively abundant and common in areas with rocky habitat where it can roost in caves (Reardon et al. 2008). Its population is assumed to be stable.</p>	Stable	<span id="docs-internal-guid-c7720b1e-7fff-0c26-5227-a8863ed39d68">In Western Australia, it occurs in bioregions extending north from the Yalgoo, Murchison and Great Victoria Desert bioregions, reaching the Dampierland and other parts of the southern part of the Kimberley region, apparently being displaced by V. caurinus and V. douglasorum in the remainder of the Kimberley. It occurs over most of the Northern Territory, except for the larger part of the Victoria Bonaparte, Ord Victoria Plain and Sturt Plateau bioregions, being sympatric with V. caurinus in the Top End and the Gulf Coastal and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregions. It is represented over the western half of Queensland, though is absent from the Cape York Peninsula. In South Australia, it is found mainly in the northern part of that state but extends south to occupy parts of the Flinders Lofty Block and Gawler bioregions.	<span id="docs-internal-guid-7d92e919-7fff-8fda-1c68-44c68a99159c"><p>The species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.</p>	Terrestrial	<span id="docs-internal-guid-b744e38d-7fff-41a3-d4b2-f934fbed8e9a"><p>It occurs in numerous protected areas. No specific conservation actions have been identified for this species. Additional research is needed to clarify the taxonomic relationship of the morphometric distinctness of a geographic group in the Carnarvon Basin / Cape Range area, relative to remaining geographically defined groups (Kitchener et al. 1987). Studies into the species population status and trends are warranted.</p>	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Vespadelus		finlaysoni	Kitchener, Jones & Caputi	1987	1	Rec. West, Aust. Mus.	0.858333	Finlayson's Forest Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, Cossack.	Western and central Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).	Vespadelus finlaysoni	1005787	23	Finlayson's Cave Bat	Inland Cave Bat|Little Brown Bat|Little Cave Eptesicus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Vespadelus	NA	finlaysoni	Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi	1987	1	Eptesicus_finlaysoni	Kitchener, D. J., Jones, B. & Caputi, N. (1987). Revision of the Australian Eptesicus (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 13(4), 456.	http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/records-supplements/records/revision-australian-eptesicus-microchiroptera-vespertilionidae	WAM M22407		"Cossack, Western Australia (20°41'S, 117°11'E) at altitude ca. 5 m, from roof of ‘Customs House'," Australia.	-20.6833	117.1833	finlaysoni (Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi, 1987)	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	sciname match	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	1005787	23	Finlayson's Cave Bat	Inland Cave Bat|Little Brown Bat|Little Cave Eptesicus	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Vespadelus	NA	finlaysoni	D. J. Kitchener, B. Jones, & Caputi	1	Eptesicus finlaysoni	Kitchener, D.J., Jones, B. and Caputi, N. 1987. Revision of Australian _Eptesicus_ (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 13(4):427-500.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53415464	WAM M22407	holotype		"Cossack, Western Australia (20°41'S, 117°11'E) at altitude ca. 5 m, from roof of ‘Customs House'," Australia.	-20.6833	117.1833	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	sciname match	Vespadelus_finlaysoni	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Vespadelus		finlaysoni	Kitchener, Jones & Caputi	1987	1	Rec. West, Aust. Mus.	0.858333	Finlayson's Forest Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, Cossack.	Western and central Australia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7924/22118503/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	caurinusspecies group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Vespadelus finlaysoni; Vespadelus finlaysoni; Vespadelus finlaysoni; Vespadelus finlaysoni; Vespadelus finlaysoni; Vespadelus finlaysoni; finlaysoni; Vespertilion de Finlayson; Finlayson-Waldfledermaus; Vespadela de Finalyson; Other common names; nland Cave Bat; Little Brown Bat; Little Cave Eptesicus; Finlayson's Cave Bat; Inland Cave Bat; Little Brown Bat; Little Cave Eptesicus; Finlayson's Forest Bat; Finlayson's Forest Bat; V. finlaysoni