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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1666	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum spectrum		[MSW2] See Navarro and Wilson (1982, Mammalian Species, 184).; [MSW3] See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.; [HMW] Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus, 1758 , “America australi.” Restricted by QO. Thomas in 1911 tw “ Surinam [= Suriname ].” A subspecies nelsoni was proposed by E. A. Goldman in 1917, but its distinction was challenged by several studies. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.; [batnames2023] See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.; [batnames2025_1.7] See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.						nelsoni.			guianensis, maximus, nasutus, nelsoni			spectrum 	spectrum - guianensis, maximus, nasutus, nelsoni	spectrum, nelsoni		spectrum 	spectrum - guianensis, maximus, nasutus, nelsoni	spectrum, nelsoni	spectrum, sanguisuga, nelsoni	spectrum 	spectrum - guianensis, maximus, nasutus, nelsoni	spectrum (Linnaeus, 1758)|sanguisuga (Lesson, 1827) [nomen novum]|nelsoni (E. A. Goldman, 1917)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	American false vampire bat	S. Mexico – E Peru, C Brazil, Trinidad, ? Jamaica	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Vampyrum spectrum	Surinam.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:31.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	American false vampire bat (Linnaeus's false Jamaica (accidental ?) vampire bat)	S Mexico – Peru, SW Brazil, Trinidad,	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:31.	See Navarro and Wilson (1982, Mammalian Species, 184).	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	Surinam.		LINNAEUS	1758	Size extremely large (forearm length, 102-111 mm; condylobasal length, 42-45 mm), the largest of Microchiroptera.	Distribution: Same as for genus.	No currently recognized subspecies.		77	species	V. spectrum	LINNAEUS	1758	Vampyrum	genus	Vampyrum spectrum				Size extremely large (forearm length, 102-111 mm; condylobasal length, 42-45 mm), the largest of Microchiroptera.	No currently recognized subspecies.		1. V. spectrum (LINNAEUS 1758).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae		Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum		spectrum	Linnaeus	y	1758		Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1		31		Spectral Bat	Surinam.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	guianensis Lacépède, 1789; maximus E. Geoffroy, 1806; nasutus Shaw, 1800; nelsoni Goldman, 1917.	See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	4C3D87E8FFFF6A40FF4F9B5F18EEB6B4	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	509	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFA8FFA81640FD6DF7C5FF3A.xml	Vampyrum spectrum	Phyllostomidae	Vampyrum	spectrum		1758	Faux-vampire @fr | Gro Re Spiefl3blattnase @de | Vampirofalso @es | Great False Vampire Bat @en | Great Spectral Bat @en | Linnaeus’s False Vampire Bat @en	Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus, 1758 , “America australi.” Restricted by QO. Thomas in 1911 tw “ Surinam [= Suriname ].” A subspecies nelsoni was proposed by E. A. Goldman in 1917, but its distinction was challenged by several studies. Monotypic.	S Mexico (from S Veracruz , Oaxaca , Chiapas , and S Yucatan Peninsula) S through Central America into Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad I, the Guianas, Ecuador , E Peru , N Bolivia , the Brazilian Amazon Basin, and SC Brazil as far as S Pantanal in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul . Although there is one record from Jamaica , it does not form part of the bat fauna ofthat island,so it might be an error.	Head-body 125-158 mm (tailless), ear 39-49 mm, hindfoot 32-38 mm, forearm 98-110 mm; weight 126-190 g. The Spectral Batis the largest phyllostomid and the largest bat in the New World (wingspan 70-100 cm). Fur is reddish brown to dark brown, with faint pale strip from shoulders to rump. Venteris slightly paler than back, almost gray-brown. Fur is medium long, fine, and dense but not woolly. Ears are large, rounded, and black. Muzzle is long, giving head a characteristic shape. Noseleaf is well developed, and horseshoe is cup-shaped, with nostrils in its center. Lancet is broad and medium height, with thick midrib that runsits length. Lower lip has distinct Vshaped groove. Proximal one-half of forearm is furred. Wings are relatively short and broad, with third digit metacarpal being the shortest, fourth intermediate in length, and fifth the longest. There is no tail, but uropatagium is greatly expanded and has large calcars that support or contain mostof its posterior border. Calcaris about the same length as foot. Feet and claws are long and powerful. Dental formula is I 2 /2, C 1/1, P 2/3 M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30, and FN = 56. X-chromosome is submetacentric, and Y-chromosome is acrocentric.	Primarily tropical rainforests at elevations below 700 m and exceptionally as high as 1650 m . The Spectral Bat can also be found in swamps, hilly forests, tropical dry forests, and partially open areas but always close to primary forests.	The Spectral Bat is carnivorous and eats mostly birds, from small to as large as 150 g , and mammals including bats of almost any size (from small short-tailed bats to large fruiteating bats) and rodents as large as the Desmarest’s Spiny Pocket Mouse (Heteromys desmarestianus, 50-70 g). It also eats insects. Spectral Bats are very powerful and strong and can be too much for one unexperienced researcher to handle. They can fly holding big prey in their mouths, but not much is known about their mode of hunting, although it has been speculated that they use smell to locate birds with strong body odors. Well-developed vision and hearing could be important for to locating and catching prey. Their ability to take bats caught in nets has been discussed in several studies.	Spectral Bats live in small groups, and females always have one young. Reproductive cycle seems to be seasonally monoestrous, with young being born at end of dry season (onset of rainy season). Both parents tend their single young.	Spectral Bats seem to leave roosts relatively early at 18:30 h, and in at least one study in Costa Rica , they returned typically fairly early at 19:00-19:40 h. Minimum durations of typical foraging bouts were estimated at 30-70 minutes, although they sometimes lasted longer. Spectral Bats most often roost inside hollowtrees (e.g. Ceiba pentandra , Malvaceae ; Mora excelsa , Fabaceae ; and Spondias mombin , Anacardiaceae ), although they have been found in caves. Contrary to the Woolly False Vampire Bat ( Chrotopterus auritus ), the Spectral Bat has never been found in archaeologicalsites.	Radio-tracking of one adult male suggest that Spectral Bats have small home ranges of ¢.3 ha. He used a variety of habitats (roost was on edge of tropical rainforest), including deciduous woodlands, secondary forests, and pastures. He seemed to use riversas flight paths. Colonies usually have 1-5 individuals. Based on very limited observations, social organization seems to be a monogamous pair with their offspring.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Mexico , Bolivia , and Brazil have listed the Spectral Bat as endangered and Ecuador as vulnerable. It is sensitive to deforestation, forest fragmentation, and disturbance. Given relatively low population levels throughoutits distribution, habitat destruction could have serious deleterious effects on Spectral Bats.	Acosta & Azurduy (2006) | Bonato et al. (2004) | Dinets (2017a) | Discher et al. (2009) | Goldman (1917) | Greenhall (1968) | Navarro & Wilson (1982) | Peterson & Kirmse (1969) | Rafinesque (1815) | Reid (2009) | Silveira et al. (2011) | Thomas (1911) | Vehrencamp et al. (1977)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458694/files/figure.png	46. Spectral Bat Vampyrum spectrum French: Faux-vampire / German: GroRe Spiefl3blattnase / Spanish: Vampiro falso Other common names: Great False Vampire Bat , Great Spectral Bat , Linnaeus’s False Vampire Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus, 1758 , “America australi.” Restricted by QO. Thomas in 1911 tw “ Surinam [= Suriname ].” A subspecies nelsoni was proposed by E. A. Goldman in 1917, but its distinction was challenged by several studies. Monotypic. Distribution. S Mexico (from S Veracruz , Oaxaca , Chiapas , and S Yucatan Peninsula) S through Central America into Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad I, the Guianas, Ecuador , E Peru , N Bolivia , the Brazilian Amazon Basin, and SC Brazil as far as S Pantanal in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul . Although there is one record from Jamaica , it does not form part of the bat fauna ofthat island,so it might be an error. Descriptive notes. Head-body 125-158 mm (tailless), ear 39-49 mm, hindfoot 32-38 mm, forearm 98-110 mm; weight 126-190 g. The Spectral Batis the largest phyllostomid and the largest bat in the New World (wingspan 70-100 cm). Fur is reddish brown to dark brown, with faint pale strip from shoulders to rump. Venteris slightly paler than back, almost gray-brown. Fur is medium long, fine, and dense but not woolly. Ears are large, rounded, and black. Muzzle is long, giving head a characteristic shape. Noseleaf is well developed, and horseshoe is cup-shaped, with nostrils in its center. Lancet is broad and medium height, with thick midrib that runsits length. Lower lip has distinct Vshaped groove. Proximal one-half of forearm is furred. Wings are relatively short and broad, with third digit metacarpal being the shortest, fourth intermediate in length, and fifth the longest. There is no tail, but uropatagium is greatly expanded and has large calcars that support or contain mostof its posterior border. Calcaris about the same length as foot. Feet and claws are long and powerful. Dental formula is I 2 /2, C 1/1, P 2/3 M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30, and FN = 56. X-chromosome is submetacentric, and Y-chromosome is acrocentric. Habitat. Primarily tropical rainforests at elevations below 700 m and exceptionally as high as 1650 m . The Spectral Bat can also be found in swamps, hilly forests, tropical dry forests, and partially open areas but always close to primary forests. Food and Feeding. The Spectral Bat is carnivorous and eats mostly birds, from small to as large as 150 g , and mammals including bats of almost any size (from small short-tailed bats to large fruiteating bats) and rodents as large as the Desmarest’s Spiny Pocket Mouse (Heteromys desmarestianus, 50-70 g). It also eats insects. Spectral Bats are very powerful and strong and can be too much for one unexperienced researcher to handle. They can fly holding big prey in their mouths, but not much is known about their mode of hunting, although it has been speculated that they use smell to locate birds with strong body odors. Well-developed vision and hearing could be important for to locating and catching prey. Their ability to take bats caught in nets has been discussed in several studies. Breeding. Spectral Bats live in small groups, and females always have one young. Reproductive cycle seems to be seasonally monoestrous, with young being born at end of dry season (onset of rainy season). Both parents tend their single young. Activity patterns. Spectral Bats seem to leave roosts relatively early at 18:30 h, and in at least one study in Costa Rica , they returned typically fairly early at 19:00-19:40 h. Minimum durations of typical foraging bouts were estimated at 30-70 minutes, although they sometimes lasted longer. Spectral Bats most often roost inside hollowtrees (e.g. Ceiba pentandra , Malvaceae ; Mora excelsa , Fabaceae ; and Spondias mombin , Anacardiaceae ), although they have been found in caves. Contrary to the Woolly False Vampire Bat ( Chrotopterus auritus ), the Spectral Bat has never been found in archaeologicalsites. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Radio-tracking of one adult male suggest that Spectral Bats have small home ranges of ¢.3 ha. He used a variety of habitats (roost was on edge of tropical rainforest), including deciduous woodlands, secondary forests, and pastures. He seemed to use riversas flight paths. Colonies usually have 1-5 individuals. Based on very limited observations, social organization seems to be a monogamous pair with their offspring. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Mexico , Bolivia , and Brazil have listed the Spectral Bat as endangered and Ecuador as vulnerable. It is sensitive to deforestation, forest fragmentation, and disturbance. Given relatively low population levels throughoutits distribution, habitat destruction could have serious deleterious effects on Spectral Bats. Bibliography. Acosta & Azurduy (2006), Bonato et al. (2004), Dinets (2017a), Discher et al. (2009), Goldman (1917), Greenhall (1968), Navarro & Wilson (1982), Peterson & Kirmse (1969), Rafinesque (1815), Reid (2009), Silveira et al. (2011), Thomas (1911), Vehrencamp et al. (1977).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Vampyrum spectrum	Vampyrum		spectrum	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:31	Spectral Bat	 guianensis Lac&eacute;p&egrave;de, 1789; maximus E. Geoffroy, 1806; nasutus Shaw, 1800; nelsoni Goldman, 1917.	Surinam.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Vampyrum spectrum	23	Spectral Bat	Great False Vampire Bat|Great Spectral Bat|Linnaeus's False Vampire Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	VAMPYRINI	Vampyrum	NA	spectrum	Linnaeus	1758	1						"America australi." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			spectrum (Linnaeus, 1758)|nelsoni (E. A. Goldman, 1917)	NA	NA	Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	sciname match	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22843	Vampyrum spectrum	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Vampyrum	spectrum	(Linnaeus, 1758)		20000000	Vampyrum spectrum	Near Threatened	A2c	2018	2018-01-15 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is confirmed as Near Threatened due to its dependence on primary forest habitat and is rare and dispersed anywhere it is found, making it extremely susceptible to habitat fragmentation and population decline. It is very difficult to estimate rates of decline with such a widespread and rare species, but a 20% is suspected in the last three generations (15 years, Pacifici et al.  2013) and for this reason is almost qualifies as threatened under criterion A2. Further work is needed to measures rates of decline due to habitat loss and human disturbance.	This species is a top predator with large home range, occurring in small and dispersed populations. This bat is usually found in lowland, evergreen forest, and occasionally in cloud or deciduous forest or swampy areas. It is carnivorous, eating birds and small mammals around 20 to 150 grams. Remains of birds recorded in its roosts include 18 species, some of then include motmots, doves, trogons, cuckoos, wrens, and orioles. Also, a bat (Rhogeessa sp.) was found in feces of an individual in Guatemala. This bat is often attracted to distress calls of smaller bats, and can feed on them without getting entangled (S. Solari, pers. obs.). It roosts in groups of 1 to 5 in hollow trees (including Ceiba pentandra , Mora excelsa , and Spondias mombin ). Groups usually consist of an adult pair and their offspring, which hang tightly clumped together. Activity begins at dusk, after foraging for an hour or more, the group returns to the day roost for part of the night. Reproductive dates are limited, a single young appears to be born at the onset of the rainy season and is tended by both parents (McCarthy 1987, Reid 2009, Vehrencamp et al.  1977).	There are no major threats throughout its range. However, local threats include habitat fragmentation and destruction. This species is forest dependent (although sometimes captured in pastures and fruit groves near forest edge), and likely require primary forest habitat.	Vampyrum spectrum is locally rare but widely distributed (Reid 2009). Being a top predator among bats (and other small vertebrates, Vehrencamp et al . 1977), it usually occurs in low densities throughout its range. However, five individuals were netted on three separate dates at P. N. Tikal at El Petén, Guatemala (McCarthy 1987), and six individuals were caught at a single night on a dry forest at Isla Puná, Ecuador (Carrera et al . 2010, S. Solari, pers. obs.).	Decreasing	This species occurs throughout Veracruz (Mexico), including the Peninsula of Yucatan (McCarthy 1987, Hernández-Huerta et al . 2000), to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, north and southwest Brazil, and Guianas, it is also found on Trinidad (Simmons 2005).		Terrestrial	Conservation of the species requires the preservation of large and intact forest. This species is found in several protected areas through its geographic range. ;In Mexico it is listed as Endangered under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (Arroyo-Cabrales, pers. comm.); in Bolivia, it is considered as Vulnerable (Aguirre et al . 2009). It is very difficult to estimate rates of decline with such a widespread and rare species - thus further work is needed to measures rates of decline due to habitat loss and human disturbance.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Vampyrum		spectrum	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:31	Spectral Bat	 guianensis Lac&eacute;p&egrave;de, 1789; maximus E. Geoffroy, 1806; nasutus Shaw, 1800; nelsoni Goldman, 1917.	Surinam.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Vampyrum spectrum	1004991	23	Spectral Bat	Great False Vampire Bat|Great Spectral Bat|Linnaeus's False Vampire Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	VAMPYRINI	Vampyrum	NA	spectrum	Linnaeus	1758	1						"America australi." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			spectrum (Linnaeus, 1758)|nelsoni (E. A. Goldman, 1917)	NA	NA				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	sciname match	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Vampyrum_spectrum	1004991	23	Spectral Bat	Great False Vampire Bat|Great Spectral Bat|Linnaeus's False Vampire Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae	Vampyrini	Vampyrum	NA	spectrum	Linnaeus	1	Vespertilio Spectrum	Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033823				"America australi." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to "Surinam [= Suriname]."			NA	NA				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	sciname match	Vampyrum_spectrum	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Vampyrum		spectrum	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:31	Spectral Bat	guianensis Lac&eacute;p&egrave;de, 1789; maximus E. Geoffroy, 1806; nasutus Shaw, 1800; nelsoni Goldman, 1917.	Surinam.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22843/22059426/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Vampyrum spectrum; Vampyrum spectrum; Vampyrum spectrum; Vampyrum spectrum; Vampyrum spectrum; Vampyrum spectrum; guianensis; maximus; nasutus; nelsoni; guianensis; maximus; nasutus; nelsoni; spectrum; nelsoni; Faux-vampire; Gro Re Spiefl3blattnase; Vampirofalso; Great False Vampire Bat; Great Spectral Bat; Linnaeus’s False Vampire Bat; Spectral Bat; Great False Vampire Bat; Great Spectral Bat; Linnaeus's False Vampire Bat; Spectral Bat; Spectral Bat; V. spectrum