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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1662	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus brocki		[MSW2] Subgenus Metavampyressa.; [MSW3] Subgenus Metavampyressa. Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).; [HMW] Vampyressa brocki Peterson, 1968 , “upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km ] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50’ N ., 58°55’ W ., Rupununi ( Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo ) District, Guyana .” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Metavampyressa .  Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).; [MDD2022] moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus; [IUCN] This species may be confused with Vampyressa thyoni in the field (Tavares pers. comm.). The previous 2008 assessment for this species was published under the genus Vampyressa . This is an amended assessment under the genus Vampyriscus .; [batnames2023] Subgenus Metavampyressa .  Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).; [MDD2023] moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Metavampyressa. Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus														brocki	This species may be confused with Vampyressa thyoni in the field (Tavares pers. comm.). The previous 2008 assessment for this species was published under the genus Vampyressa . This is an amended assessment under the genus Vampyriscus .			brocki	brocki			brocki (R. L. Peterson, 1968)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Colombia, Guyana	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Vampyressa brocki	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E. Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.	Peterson	1968	Life Sei. Contrib. R. Ont. Mus., 73:1.	Distribu- tion: Known range from southeastern Colombia to Suriname.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Colombia – Surinam, Brazil	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Peterson	1968	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib., 73:1.	Subgenus Metavampyressa.	Surinam, Guyana, Amazonian Brazil, SE Colombia.	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.		PETERSON	1968	Size fairly small (forearm length, 31 -36 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm). Forehead only slightly concave. Posterior lower premolar relatively short.	Distribution: Known range from southeastern Colombia to Suriname.	No subspecies.		88	species	V. brocki	PETERSON	1968	Metavampyressa	subgenus	Vampyressa brocki				Size fairly small (forearm length, 31 -36 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm). Forehead only slightly concave. Posterior lower premolar relatively short.	No subspecies.		4. V. brocki PETERSON 1968.	4	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Vampyressa brocki	Vampyressa	Metavampyressa	brocki	Peterson		1968		R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib.	73		1		Brock's Yellow-eared Bat	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.	Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, SE Colombia, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Subgenus Metavampyressa. Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	03A687BCFFF9FFF9138AFA82F7F3F106	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	555	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFF6FFF91646F724FB24F6B7.xml	Vampyriscus brocki	Phyllostomidae	Vampyriscus	brocki		1968	Vampyresse de Brock @fr | Brock-Gelbohrenfledermaus @de | Vampiresa de Brock @es	Vampyressa brocki Peterson, 1968 , “upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km ] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50’ N ., 58°55’ W ., Rupununi ( Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo ) District, Guyana .” This species is monotypic.	SE Colombia , the Guianas, N Brazil , and Peru .	Head—body 45-55 mm (tailless), ear 12-16 mm, hindfoot 7-5— 10 mm , forearm 30-4-32-9 mm; weight 4-8-6 g. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is small and delicate, with an overall pale brown or beige color that can be grayish in some individuals. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with dark bases and tips and pale middles; ventral pelage is predominantly bicolored. There are two pairs of facial stripes, and dorso-medial facial white stripes are marked and larger than ventromedial stripes. Forearm is partially covered with hair on dorsal part. There is a faint stripe on back that extends from mid-dorsum below base of neck. Ears are faded, pale brown and normally edged with yellow, and there is a basal yellow lobe. Noseleaf is bicolored and edged with yellow that extends to ventral and lateral margins of horseshoe and lateral margins of lancet. Skull is shortened, nasal is short and bowed anteroposteriorly, and lateral maxilla is compressed at level of premolars. Posterior border of hard palate has median projection and approaches a W-shape. Coronoid process of mandible is low, and angular process of mandible is short. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M2/2 ( x2 ) = 28. I' are cylindrical, unequal in breadth along most of the longitudinal axis and directed medially. I* are very small and unevenly bifid. P* are conic-shaped, tapering to acute tip and with oblique base. P* and P* are separated by diastema. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 24 and FN = 44. X-chromosome is medium-sized subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is acrocentric.	Flooded Peruvian Amazon lowlands, mature Colombian and French Guianan Amazon forests, and mosaics of Amazon forest and “canga” (iron soil vegetation on top of ranges) in eastern Para, Brazil . Overall, Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is rarely recorded, and most individuals have been captured in elevated nets, and some misidentifications might occur in the field. It has low capture numbers even in intensively sampled places where it has been caught (e.g. Paracou, French Guiana , and Carajas, Brazil ).	There is no specific information on diets of Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat, but skull and dentition indicate that it eats fruit.	A lactating Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat was recorded in March in Guyana , two pregnant females were captured in June-July in Colombia , and there is a record of a pregnant female from Jenaro-Herrera station, Peru , in wet season. A pregnant female was recorded in October, and two lactating females were captured in late September and early November in Carajas, eastern Para, eastern Amazonian Brazil .	No information.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is locally rare—a trend that has been demonstrated by its low capture frequencies in places with high netting efforts. It has been recorded in areas with conservation units with total or partial protection from, for example, bauxite extraction (e.g. Saraca-Taquera National Forest in northern Para, Brazil ) and iron mining (e.g. Carajas National Forest in eastern Para, Brazil ).	Aimeida, B. et al. (2016) | Arroyo-Cabrales (2008c) | Ascorra et al. (1993) | Baker, Genoways & Cadena (1972) | Bernard (2001) | Brosset et al. (1996) | Charles-Dominique (1986) | Gardner (1977a) | Hoofer & Baker (2006) | Pereira et al. (2010) | Peterson (1968) | Porter & Baker (2004) | Ruelas & Pacheco (2015) | Sampaio et al. (2003) | Silva et al. (2013) | Simmons & Voss (1998) | Tavares (2008) | Tavares, Palmuti et al. (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458904/files/figure.png	150. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat Vampyriscus brocki French: Vampyresse de Brock / German: Brock-Gelbohrenfledermaus / Spanish: Vampiresa de Brock Taxonomy. Vampyressa brocki Peterson, 1968 , “upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km ] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50’ N ., 58°55’ W ., Rupununi ( Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo ) District, Guyana .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. SE Colombia , the Guianas, N Brazil , and Peru . Descriptive notes. Head—body 45-55 mm (tailless), ear 12-16 mm, hindfoot 7-5— 10 mm , forearm 30-4-32-9 mm; weight 4-8-6 g. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is small and delicate, with an overall pale brown or beige color that can be grayish in some individuals. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with dark bases and tips and pale middles; ventral pelage is predominantly bicolored. There are two pairs of facial stripes, and dorso-medial facial white stripes are marked and larger than ventromedial stripes. Forearm is partially covered with hair on dorsal part. There is a faint stripe on back that extends from mid-dorsum below base of neck. Ears are faded, pale brown and normally edged with yellow, and there is a basal yellow lobe. Noseleaf is bicolored and edged with yellow that extends to ventral and lateral margins of horseshoe and lateral margins of lancet. Skull is shortened, nasal is short and bowed anteroposteriorly, and lateral maxilla is compressed at level of premolars. Posterior border of hard palate has median projection and approaches a W-shape. Coronoid process of mandible is low, and angular process of mandible is short. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M2/2 ( x2 ) = 28. I' are cylindrical, unequal in breadth along most of the longitudinal axis and directed medially. I* are very small and unevenly bifid. P* are conic-shaped, tapering to acute tip and with oblique base. P* and P* are separated by diastema. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 24 and FN = 44. X-chromosome is medium-sized subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is acrocentric. Habitat. Flooded Peruvian Amazon lowlands, mature Colombian and French Guianan Amazon forests, and mosaics of Amazon forest and “canga” (iron soil vegetation on top of ranges) in eastern Para, Brazil . Overall, Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is rarely recorded, and most individuals have been captured in elevated nets, and some misidentifications might occur in the field. It has low capture numbers even in intensively sampled places where it has been caught (e.g. Paracou, French Guiana , and Carajas, Brazil ). Food and Feeding. There is no specific information on diets of Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat, but skull and dentition indicate that it eats fruit. Breeding. A lactating Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat was recorded in March in Guyana , two pregnant females were captured in June-July in Colombia , and there is a record of a pregnant female from Jenaro-Herrera station, Peru , in wet season. A pregnant female was recorded in October, and two lactating females were captured in late September and early November in Carajas, eastern Para, eastern Amazonian Brazil . Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust. Brock’s Yellow-eared Bat is locally rare—a trend that has been demonstrated by its low capture frequencies in places with high netting efforts. It has been recorded in areas with conservation units with total or partial protection from, for example, bauxite extraction (e.g. Saraca-Taquera National Forest in northern Para, Brazil ) and iron mining (e.g. Carajas National Forest in eastern Para, Brazil ). Bibliography. Aimeida, B. et al. (2016), Arroyo-Cabrales (2008c), Ascorra et al. (1993), Baker, Genoways & Cadena (1972), Bernard (2001), Brosset et al. (1996), Charles-Dominique (1986), Gardner (1977a), Hoofer & Baker (2006), Pereira et al. (2010), Peterson (1968), Porter & Baker (2004), Ruelas & Pacheco (2015), Sampaio et al. (2003), Silva et al. (2013), Simmons & Voss (1998), Tavares (2008), Tavares, Palmuti et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Vampyriscus brocki	Vampyriscus	Metavampyressa	brocki	Peterson	1968	1	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib.	######	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat	None.	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.	Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, SW Colombia, Peru.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Metavampyressa .  Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Vampyriscus brocki	23	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Vampyriscus	NA	brocki	R. L. Peterson	1968	1	Vampyressa_brocki	Peterson, R. L. (1968). A new bat of the genus Vampyressa from Guyana, South America, with a brief systematic review of the genus. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 73, 1.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111401#page/9/mode/1up	ROM 38515		"upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50' N., 58°55' W., Rupununi (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo) District, Guyana."	2.8333	-58.92	brocki (R. L. Peterson, 1968)	moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus	Hoofer, S. R., & Baker, R. J. (2006). Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39(2), 424-438.	Colombia|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Vampyriscus_brocki	0	manual	Vampyressa_brocki	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22838	Vampyriscus brocki	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Vampyriscus	brocki	(Peterson, 1968)	This species may be confused with Vampyressa thyoni in the field (Tavares pers. comm.). The previous 2008 assessment for this species was published under the genus Vampyressa . This is an amended assessment under the genus Vampyriscus .	20000000	Vampyriscus brocki	Least Concern		2016	2016-07-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern. It is widespread, but rare throughout its range. Little is known about its habitat or ecology; this species has a small population size and fewer than 1,000 individuals in any subpopulation, but more data are required to confirm this.	This species has been netted in mature tropical rainforest about 3.5 m above a forest trail in Colombia (Gardner 2008). ;It is strongly associated with multistratal evergreen forest. This species is largely frugivorous preferring figs (Gardner 1977). Reproduction is seasonally timed by the onset of rain (Wilson 1979).	There are unlikely to be any major threats throughout its range.	This species seems to be difficult to sample, probably because of its ecological characteristics; this in addition to some confusion over field identification make it difficult to estimate this species' abundance, but it is rare. One of the largest series of this species (six females and one male) was netted in Paracou, French Guiana (Simmons and Voss 1998). Many of the areas where it occurs has been intensively sampled (Tavares pers .comm.).	Unknown	This species occurs in southeastern Colombia, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, eastern Peru, and Amazonian Brazil (Simmons 2005, Gardner 2008).		Terrestrial	Reduction of habitat loss is needed and more research on the species' habitat and ecology.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Vampyriscus	Metavampyressa	brocki	Peterson	1968	1	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib.	73:01:00	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat	None.	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.	Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, SW Colombia, Peru.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Metavampyressa .  Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Vampyriscus brocki	1005066	23	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Vampyriscus	NA	brocki	R. L. Peterson	1968	1	Vampyressa_brocki	Peterson, R. L. (1968). A new bat of the genus Vampyressa from Guyana, South America, with a brief systematic review of the genus. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum, 73, 1.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111401#page/9/mode/1up	ROM 38515		"upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50' N., 58°55' W., Rupununi (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo) District, Guyana."	2.833333	-58.9167	brocki (R. L. Peterson, 1968)	moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus	Hoofer, S. R., & Baker, R. J. (2006). Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39(2), 424-438.				Colombia|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Vampyriscus_brocki	0	manual	Vampyressa_brocki	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Vampyriscus_brocki	1005066	23	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Vampyriscus	NA	brocki	R. L. Peterson	1	Vampyressa brocki	Peterson, R.L. 1968. A new bat of the genus _Vampyressa_ from Guyana, South America with a brief systematic review of the genus. Life Sciences Contributions, Royal Ontario Museum 73:1-17.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36137530	ROM:MAM:38515	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/rom/mammals?id=uri-catalog-rom-mammals-38515	"upper headwaters of the Kuitaro River approximately 40 miles [= 64 km] east of Dadanawa at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head near Marurawaunowa), 2°50' N., 58°55' W., Rupununi (Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo) District, Guyana."	2.833333	-58.9167	moved from Vampyressa to Vampyriscus	Hoofer, S. R., & Baker, R. J. (2006). Molecular systematics of Vampyressine bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) with comparison of direct and indirect surveys of mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39(2), 424-438.				Colombia|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Vampyriscus_brocki	0	manual	Vampyressa_brocki	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Vampyriscus	Metavampyressa	brocki	Peterson	1968	1	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib.	73:01:00	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat	None.	Guyana, Rupununi, ca. 40 mi. (64 km) E Dadanawa, at Ow-wi-dy-wau (Oshi Wau head, near Marara Waunowa), Kuitaro River.	Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, SW Colombia, Peru.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22838/22059321/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Metavampyressa. Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Vampyressina	Vampyressa brocki; Vampyriscus brocki; Vampyriscus brocki; Vampyriscus brocki; Vampyriscus brocki; Vampyriscus brocki; brocki; Vampyresse de Brock; Brock-Gelbohrenfledermaus; Vampiresa de Brock; Brock's Yellow-eared Bat; Brock's Yellow-eared Bat; Brock's Yellow-eared Bat; V. brocki