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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1657	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa pusilla		[MSW2] Subgenus Vampyressa. See Lewis and Wilson (1987, Mammalian Species, 292).; [MSW3] Subgenus Vampyressa. Does not include thyone, see Lim et al. (2003). Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.; [HMW] Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843 , “Sapitiva [= Sepetiba],” Rio de]Janeiro, Brazil . Vampyressa pusilla previously included V. thyone as a subspecies, but B. K. Lim and collaborators in 2003 confirmed that they are distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include thyone , see Lim et al. (2003).  Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.; [batnames2023] Does not include thyone , see Lim et al. (2003).  Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include thyone, see Lim et al. (2003). Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.				thyone, venilia, nattereri		minuta, naltereri, thyone, vettilla (see Jones and Carter, 1976:24).	thyone, pusilla		nattereri			pusilla 	pusilla - nattereri	pusilla, nattereri		pusilla 	pusilla - nattereri	pusilla, nattereri	pusilla, nattereri, natteri, pussilla	pusilla 	pusilla - nattereri	pusilla (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nattereri G. G. Goodwin, 1963|natteri R. L. Peterson, 1968 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|pussilla Ascorra, D. E. Wilson, & Romo, 1991 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		S Mexico – E Peru, SE Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Vampyressa pusilla	Brazil, Rio de Janiero, Sapitiba.	Wagner	1843	Abh. Munch. Akad. Wiss., 5:173.	Distribution: Range virtually the same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Little yellow-eared bat	S Mexico – Peru, SE Brazil, E Paraguay	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Wagner	1843	Abh. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, 5:173.	Subgenus Vampyressa. See Lewis and Wilson (1987, Mammalian Species, 292).	Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to Bolivia and Guianas; Paraguay and SE Brazil.	Brazil, Rio de Janiero, Sapitiba.		WAGNER	1843	Last lower molar absent. Size relatively small (forearm length, 29-32 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm).	Distribution: Range virtually the same as for subgenus.	Two subspecies are currently recognized:	V. p. thyone (southern Mexico to Guyana and Peru), V. p. pusilla (Paraguay and southeastern Brazil).	88	species	V. pusilla	WAGNER	1843	Vampyressa	subgenus	Vampyressa pusilla				Last lower molar absent. Size relatively small (forearm length, 29-32 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm).	Two subspecies are currently recognized:		2. V. pusilla (WAGNER 1843).	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	pusilla	Wagner	y	1843		Abh. Akad. Wiss., München	5		173		Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba.	SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	nattereri Goodwin, 1963.	Subgenus Vampyressa. Does not include thyone, see Lim et al. (2003). Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.	03A687BCFFFAFFFA13BCFABAFBA4F94A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	559	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFFAFFFD1641F70EFAD4F74E.xml	Vampyressa pusilla	Phyllostomidae	Vampyressa	pusilla		1843	Petite Vampyresse @fr | Sidliche Kleine Gelbohrfledermaus @de | Vampiresapequena @es | Southern Yellow-eared Bat @en	Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843 , “Sapitiva [= Sepetiba],” Rio de]Janeiro, Brazil . Vampyressa pusilla previously included V. thyone as a subspecies, but B. K. Lim and collaborators in 2003 confirmed that they are distinct species. Monotypic.	SE & S Brazil , adjacent E Paraguay , and NE Argentina .	Head-body 53-54 mm (tailless), ear 14-15 mm, hindfoot 9-10 mm, forearm 29-37 mm; weight 11-15 g. The Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat is very small, among the smallest in the family. Dorsum is pale brownish, with tricolored hairs featuring slightly paler median band and no longitudinal white vertebral line. In Paraguayan specimens, tips of dorsal hairs are reddish brown, bases are brown, and central parts are creamy white. Pair of moderately conspicuous white facial stripes occurs on head: stripe above eyes extends back to between ears, and stripe below extends to bases of ears. Fur between bands can appearslightly darker (especially around eyes), sometimes giving vaguely masked appearance. Ventral hairs are unicolored, light brown to buffy. Noseleaf is uniformly yellowish brown and conspicuously long and spearshaped. Ears are fairly large, rounded, and obtusely pointed at tips. Theyare blackish, with bright yellowish borders and tragus and typically yellowish area around ear canals. Uropatagium is very narrow, with posterior edge almost naked except lightly furred central part. Calcar is very short. Forearms, fingers, and thumbs are brown. Skull has short, broad rostrum, and postorbital processes are well developed. Upper incisors are well separated, with I' twice the size of I*. Cutting edges of I' are not bifid. Canine is normal, with well-developed cingulum posteriorly and almost contacting anterior surface of P°. P° is one-half the size of P* and has a single cusp. P* is separated from P?. Labial cusps of upper molarsare elevated to form cutting edge, and lingual cusps extend labially forming a platform. Lower incisors are subequal and bifid and fill space between canines. P, is smaller than P,, but both have single cusp. M, has well-developed protoconid and hypoconid; paraconid and entoconid of M, are more developed than on labial cusps. M,is absent. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 28. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 20 and FN = 36.	Well-conserved semideciduous Atlantic Forest, semi-humid areas in cerrado, and gallery forests and forested cordilleras in the Pantanal.	In south-eastern Brazil , feces of Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats containing Ficus sp. seeds were found in association with feeding tents close to food sources. It might be a fig specialist as is its sister species, the Northern Little Yelloweared Bat (V. thyone ).	Pregnant Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats were recorded in January—February, June, and October, suggesting bimodal polyestry.	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats are usually caught in nets set across streams, and they prefer to fly in forest subcanopies rather than understories. They make tents from Heliconia ( Heliconiaceae ), Simira ( Rubiaceae ), Philodendron ( Araceae ), and palms, with a maximum offive tents found in a single plant.	Because of the small size of tents, only 1-3 Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats occupied them.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Information on extent of occurrence, threats, and ecological requirements of the Southern Little Yellow-eared Batis limited, and additional research is needed to clarify conservation status.	Arroyo-Cabrales (2008b) | Baker et al. (1973) | Gardner (1977b) | Lewis & Wilson (1987) | Lim, B.K., Pedro & Passos (2003) | Longo et al. (2007) | Myers et al. (1983) | Pedro et al. (1997) | Zortéa & Brito (2000)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458924/files/figure.png	161. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat Vampyressa pusilla French: Petite Vampyresse / German: Sidliche Kleine Gelbohrfledermaus / Spanish: Vampiresa pequena Other common names: Southern Yellow-eared Bat Taxonomy. Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843 , “Sapitiva [= Sepetiba],” Rio de]Janeiro, Brazil . Vampyressa pusilla previously included V. thyone as a subspecies, but B. K. Lim and collaborators in 2003 confirmed that they are distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. SE & S Brazil , adjacent E Paraguay , and NE Argentina . Descriptive notes. Head-body 53-54 mm (tailless), ear 14-15 mm, hindfoot 9-10 mm, forearm 29-37 mm; weight 11-15 g. The Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat is very small, among the smallest in the family. Dorsum is pale brownish, with tricolored hairs featuring slightly paler median band and no longitudinal white vertebral line. In Paraguayan specimens, tips of dorsal hairs are reddish brown, bases are brown, and central parts are creamy white. Pair of moderately conspicuous white facial stripes occurs on head: stripe above eyes extends back to between ears, and stripe below extends to bases of ears. Fur between bands can appearslightly darker (especially around eyes), sometimes giving vaguely masked appearance. Ventral hairs are unicolored, light brown to buffy. Noseleaf is uniformly yellowish brown and conspicuously long and spearshaped. Ears are fairly large, rounded, and obtusely pointed at tips. Theyare blackish, with bright yellowish borders and tragus and typically yellowish area around ear canals. Uropatagium is very narrow, with posterior edge almost naked except lightly furred central part. Calcar is very short. Forearms, fingers, and thumbs are brown. Skull has short, broad rostrum, and postorbital processes are well developed. Upper incisors are well separated, with I' twice the size of I*. Cutting edges of I' are not bifid. Canine is normal, with well-developed cingulum posteriorly and almost contacting anterior surface of P°. P° is one-half the size of P* and has a single cusp. P* is separated from P?. Labial cusps of upper molarsare elevated to form cutting edge, and lingual cusps extend labially forming a platform. Lower incisors are subequal and bifid and fill space between canines. P, is smaller than P,, but both have single cusp. M, has well-developed protoconid and hypoconid; paraconid and entoconid of M, are more developed than on labial cusps. M,is absent. Dental formula is 12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 2/2 ( x2 ) = 28. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 20 and FN = 36. Habitat. Well-conserved semideciduous Atlantic Forest, semi-humid areas in cerrado, and gallery forests and forested cordilleras in the Pantanal. Food and Feeding. In south-eastern Brazil , feces of Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats containing Ficus sp. seeds were found in association with feeding tents close to food sources. It might be a fig specialist as is its sister species, the Northern Little Yelloweared Bat (V. thyone ). Breeding. Pregnant Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats were recorded in January—February, June, and October, suggesting bimodal polyestry. Activity patterns. Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats are usually caught in nets set across streams, and they prefer to fly in forest subcanopies rather than understories. They make tents from Heliconia ( Heliconiaceae ), Simira ( Rubiaceae ), Philodendron ( Araceae ), and palms, with a maximum offive tents found in a single plant. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Because of the small size of tents, only 1-3 Southern Little Yellow-eared Bats occupied them. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Information on extent of occurrence, threats, and ecological requirements of the Southern Little Yellow-eared Batis limited, and additional research is needed to clarify conservation status. Bibliography. Arroyo-Cabrales (2008b), Baker et al. (1973), Gardner (1977b), Lewis & Wilson (1987), Lim, B.K., Pedro & Passos (2003), Longo et al. (2007), Myers et al. (1983), Pedro et al. (1997), Zortéa & Brito (2000).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Vampyressa pusilla	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	pusilla	Wagner	1843	1	Abh. Akad. Wiss., M&uuml;nchen	0.3285	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	 nattereri Goodwin, 1963.	Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba.	SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Does not include thyone , see Lim et al. (2003).  Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Vampyressa pusilla	23	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	Southern Yellow-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Vampyressa	NA	pusilla	J. A. Wagner	1843	1	Phyllostoma_pusillum	Wagner, J. A. (1843). Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflügler. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 9(1), 366.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/376/mode/1up	ZSM 1843/2		"Sapitiva [= Sepetiba]," Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.			pusilla (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nattereri G. G. Goodwin, 1963	NA	NA	Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	sciname match	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22841	Vampyressa pusilla	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Vampyressa	pusilla	(Wagner, 1843)		20000000	Vampyressa pusilla	Data Deficient		2016	2016-06-24 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence, threats, status and ecological requirements.	There is no information on habitat and ecology.	Threats are unknown for this species.	There is no information available on the population status of this species.	Unknown	This species occurs in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Simmons 2005).		Terrestrial	Further studies are needed into the distribution, habitat, ecology, and threats to this species.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	pusilla	Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	9(1): 366	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	 nattereri Goodwin, 1963.	Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba.	SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Does not include thyone , see Lim et al. (2003).  Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.	Vampyressa pusilla	1005062	23	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	Southern Yellow-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Vampyressa	NA	pusilla	J. A. Wagner	1843	1	Phyllostoma_pusillum	Wagner, J. A. (1843). Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflügler. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 9(1), 366.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48693#page/376/mode/1up	ZSM 1843/2		"Sapitiva [= Sepetiba]," Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.			pusilla (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|nattereri G. G. Goodwin, 1963	NA	NA				Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	sciname match	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Vampyressa_pusilla	1005062	23	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	Southern Yellow-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Vampyressa	NA	pusilla	J. A. Wagner	1	Phyllostoma pusillum	Wagner, J.A. 1843. Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflügler. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9(1):365-368.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13703397	ZSM 1843/2	holotype		"Sapitiva [= Sepetiba]," Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.			NA	NA				Brazil|Paraguay|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	sciname match	Vampyressa_pusilla	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	pusilla	Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	9(1): 366	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat	nattereri Goodwin, 1963.	Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sapitiba	SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22841/22060007/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	Does not include thyone, see Lim et al. (2003). Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Vampyressina	Vampyressa pusilla; Vampyressa pusilla; Vampyressa pusilla; Vampyressa pusilla; Vampyressa pusilla; Vampyressa pusilla; nattereri; nattereri; pusilla; nattereri; Petite Vampyresse; Sidliche Kleine Gelbohrfledermaus; Vampiresapequena; Southern Yellow-eared Bat; Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat; Southern Yellow-eared Bat; Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat; Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat; V. pusilla