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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1647	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris robustula		[MSW2] Includes malayana; see Medway (1969:37).; [MSW3] Includes malayana; see Medway (1969). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).; [HMW] Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 , “Upper Sarawak , Borneo,” Malaysia . Tylonycteris robustula was previously considered to include 7. malayana as a subspecies, and also populations of the recently described T. tonkinensis, but both were elevated to species status based on morphological and genetic data. Internal taxonomy untested, as only populations from Sumatra have been genetically compared to other Tylonycteris ; further studies are needed. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include malayana ; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).; [MDD2022] previously included T. malayana; [IUCN] This is the new taxonomic concept for Tylonycteris robustula. Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 was previously included as subspecies of T. robustu la (Medway 1973), but it is now re-elevated to full species rank (Tu et al. 2017). Specimens formerly referred to T. robustula found in northern Indochina are now considered to be representatives of a new species T. tonkinensis Tu et al. 2017, populations found from other isolated island areas i.e. the Philippines and Sulawesi may represent additional unknown species (see Tu et al. 2017). Formal confirmation of species rank for ;T. ; malayana and T. ; tonkinensis ;is pending. Specimens previously referred to this species found from isolated islands of Sundaic region (i.e. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo and surrounding islands) are provisionally retained under T. robustula but further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these allopatric populations (see Tu et al. 2017).; [batnames2023] Does not include malayana ; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).; [MDD2023] previously included T. malayana; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included T. malayana; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include malayana; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included T. malayana		(Flat-headed bat)		malayana		malayana.	malayana, robustula	robustula, malayana						robustula	This is the new taxonomic concept for Tylonycteris robustula. Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 was previously included as subspecies of T. robustu la (Medway 1973), but it is now re-elevated to full species rank (Tu et al. 2017). Specimens formerly referred to T. robustula found in northern Indochina are now considered to be representatives of a new species T. tonkinensis Tu et al. 2017, populations found from other isolated island areas i.e. the Philippines and Sulawesi may represent additional unknown species (see Tu et al. 2017). Formal confirmation of species rank for ;T. ; malayana and T. ; tonkinensis ;is pending. Specimens previously referred to this species found from isolated islands of Sundaic region (i.e. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo and surrounding islands) are provisionally retained under T. robustula but further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these allopatric populations (see Tu et al. 2017).			robustula	robustula			robustula O. Thomas, 1915		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Greater club-footed bat	SW China – Java, Borneo, Celebes, Timor	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Tylonycteris robustula	Malaysia, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.	Thomas	1915	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 15:227.	Distribution: Ranging from southwestern China to the Philippines, Celebes, and the Lesser Sundas.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Greater club-footed bat (Flat-headed bat)	SW China – Java, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor; ref. 4.136	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1915	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 15:227.	Includes malayana; see Medway (1969:37).	S China to Philippines, Sulawesi and Lesser Sunda Isis.	Malaysia, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.		THOMAS	1915	Size relativley large (forearm length, 26-31 mm). Supraorbital tubercle relatively well developed.	Distribution: Ranging from southwestern China to the Philippines, Celebes, and the Lesser Sundas.	Two subspecies are here recognized:	T. r. malayana (southwestern China and Vietnam to Malaya), T. r. robustula (remainder of range).	122	species	T. robustula	THOMAS	1915	Tylonycteris	genus	Tylonycteris robustula				Size relativley large (forearm length, 26-31 mm). Supraorbital tubercle relatively well developed.	Two subspecies are here recognized:		2. T. robustula THOMAS 1915.	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris		robustula	Thomas		1915		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8	15		227		Greater Bamboo Bat	Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.	NE India, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, S China to the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and Ambon Isl (Moluccas).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	malayana Chasen, 1940.	Includes malayana; see Medway (1969). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	4C3D87E8FFE66A59FF8D9B4016B2B169	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	788	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFE56A5AFF459E911738B9DC.xml	Tylonycteris robustula	Vespertilionidae	Tylonycteris	robustula	Thomas	1915	Vespertilion robuste @fr | Sumatra-Bambusfledermaus @de | Tilonicteriorobusto @es | Greater Bamboo Bat @en | Greater Flat-headed Bat @en	Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 , “Upper Sarawak , Borneo,” Malaysia . Tylonycteris robustula was previously considered to include 7. malayana as a subspecies, and also populations of the recently described T. tonkinensis, but both were elevated to species status based on morphological and genetic data. Internal taxonomy untested, as only populations from Sumatra have been genetically compared to other Tylonycteris ; further studies are needed. Monotypic.	Philippines (Luzon, Negros, Calauit, and Palawan Is), Sumatra, W & NW Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, and Sulawesi (including Peleng I).	Head-body 40—44-9 mm, tail 28-31 mm, ear 9-611 mm, hindfoot 6-7-6 mm, forearm 25-29-8 mm; weight 5-7-8 g. Head is dorso-ventrally flattened and broadened. Fur is smooth and sleek with a somewhat glossy appearance; dorsal pelage is dark brown to dark grayish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Membranes are dark brown. Ears are subtriangular, relatively long with a broadly rounded tip; tragusis short and blunt. Base of thumbs and soles of hindfeet have well-developed rounded fleshy pads for gripping smooth surfaces. Wing membrane attaches at base of metatarsus; uropatagium extends to tip oftail, and calcar is over halfway to tail from ankle. For skull description, see the Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (71. malayana ), as the two species have not yet been well differentiated based on skull morphology.	Both intact and disturbed forest habitats with abundant bamboo. Recorded at elevations up to ¢. 1000 m in Borneo, at 711 m in Sumatra, and in lowland regions from sea level to ¢. 500 m in the Philippines .	The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Batis insectivorous.	Twins are born once a year.	Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bats roost in hollowed internodes of bamboo. They seem to favor larger dead stems than the Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat ( 1. pachypus ).	The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat roosts in small groups, with groups of 1-7 recorded in the Philippines .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, although most of its distribution is now attributed to a different species, so a reevaluation is needed.	Bates, Francis, Rosell-Ambal & Heaney (2008) | Heaney & Alcala (1986) | Heaney et al. (2016) | Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014) | Rahman etal. (2011) | Tu Vuong Tan, Csorba etal. (2017)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397888/files/figure.png	56. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat Tylonycteris robustula French: Vespertilion robuste / German: Sumatra-Bambusfledermaus / Spanish: Tilonicterio robusto Other common names: Greater Bamboo Bat , Greater Flat-headed Bat Taxonomy. Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915 , “Upper Sarawak , Borneo,” Malaysia . Tylonycteris robustula was previously considered to include 7. malayana as a subspecies, and also populations of the recently described T. tonkinensis, but both were elevated to species status based on morphological and genetic data. Internal taxonomy untested, as only populations from Sumatra have been genetically compared to other Tylonycteris ; further studies are needed. Monotypic. Distribution. Philippines (Luzon, Negros, Calauit, and Palawan Is), Sumatra, W & NW Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, and Sulawesi (including Peleng I). Descriptive notes. Head-body 40—44-9 mm, tail 28-31 mm, ear 9-611 mm, hindfoot 6-7-6 mm, forearm 25-29-8 mm; weight 5-7-8 g. Head is dorso-ventrally flattened and broadened. Fur is smooth and sleek with a somewhat glossy appearance; dorsal pelage is dark brown to dark grayish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Membranes are dark brown. Ears are subtriangular, relatively long with a broadly rounded tip; tragusis short and blunt. Base of thumbs and soles of hindfeet have well-developed rounded fleshy pads for gripping smooth surfaces. Wing membrane attaches at base of metatarsus; uropatagium extends to tip oftail, and calcar is over halfway to tail from ankle. For skull description, see the Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (71. malayana ), as the two species have not yet been well differentiated based on skull morphology. Habitat. Both intact and disturbed forest habitats with abundant bamboo. Recorded at elevations up to ¢. 1000 m in Borneo, at 711 m in Sumatra, and in lowland regions from sea level to ¢. 500 m in the Philippines . Food and Feeding. The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Batis insectivorous. Breeding. Twins are born once a year. Activity patterns. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bats roost in hollowed internodes of bamboo. They seem to favor larger dead stems than the Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat ( 1. pachypus ). Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat roosts in small groups, with groups of 1-7 recorded in the Philippines . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List, although most of its distribution is now attributed to a different species, so a reevaluation is needed. Bibliography. Bates, Francis, Rosell-Ambal & Heaney (2008), Heaney & Alcala (1986), Heaney et al. (2016), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Rahman etal. (2011), Tu Vuong Tan, Csorba etal. (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Tylonycteris robustula	Tylonycteris		robustula	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 227	Greater Bamboo Bat	None.	Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.	Sumatra, Sarawak	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include malayana ; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Tylonycteris robustula	23	Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat	Greater Bamboo Bat|Greater Flat-headed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Tylonycteris	NA	robustula	O. Thomas	1915	0	Tylonycteris_robustula	Thomas, O. (1915). On bats of the genera Nyctalus, Tylonycteris, and Pipistrellus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 15, 227.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53307#page/247/mode/1up	BM 1911.1.18.8		"Upper Sarawak, Borneo," Malaysia.			robustula O. Thomas, 1915	previously included T. malayana	Tu, V. T., Csorba, G., Ruedi, M., Furey, N. M., Son, N. T., Thong, V. D., ... & Hassanin, A. (2017). Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 274, 1-38.	Philippines|Malaysia|Brunei|Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	sciname match	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22578	Tylonycteris robustula	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Tylonycteris	robustula	Thomas, 1915	This is the new taxonomic concept for Tylonycteris robustula. Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 was previously included as subspecies of T. robustu la (Medway 1973), but it is now re-elevated to full species rank (Tu et al. 2017). Specimens formerly referred to T. robustula found in northern Indochina are now considered to be representatives of a new species T. tonkinensis Tu et al. 2017, populations found from other isolated island areas i.e. the Philippines and Sulawesi may represent additional unknown species (see Tu et al. 2017). Formal confirmation of species rank for ;T. ; malayana and T. ; tonkinensis ;is pending. Specimens previously referred to this species found from isolated islands of Sundaic region (i.e. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo and surrounding islands) are provisionally retained under T. robustula but further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these allopatric populations (see Tu et al. 2017).	20000000	Tylonycteris robustula	Least Concern		2020	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, it occurs in a number of protected areas, has a tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	Bats of T. robustula were usually found associated with bamboo groves in both intact and disturbed habitats at elevations ranging from lowland up to 1200 m (Tu et al.  2017). They usually roost in small groups in bamboo internodes, entering through narrow vertical slits created by beetles (Phillipps and Phillipps 2016). The reproductive phenomenon of this species is likely to be similar to that of other bamboo bat species found in Peninsular Malaysia such as often give birth to twins. January–July is the major reproductive period coinciding with abundance of insect prey (see Medway 1972).	There are no major threats to this species as a whole. However, habitat loss and degradation through logging, development, and fire in many parts of across its range have been known to reduce or disturb foraging and roosting sites of this species.	This is a fairly common species of much of its range.	Unknown	The species is tentatively regarded to be distributed on Borneo, Java, and Sumatra and the surrounding islands within the Sundaic region. On Sumatra, it was recorded at elevation of 1,200 m a.s.l. (Tu et al. 2017).		Terrestrial	This species has been recorded from many protected areas.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Tylonycteris		robustula	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 227	Greater Bamboo Bat	None.	Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.	Sumatra, Sarawak	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include malayana ; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).	Tylonycteris robustula	1005781	23	Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat	Greater Bamboo Bat|Greater Flat-headed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Tylonycteris	NA	robustula	O. Thomas	1915	0	Tylonycteris_robustula	Thomas, O. (1915). On bats of the genera Nyctalus, Tylonycteris, and Pipistrellus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 15, 227.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53307#page/247/mode/1up	BM 1911.1.18.8		"Upper Sarawak, Borneo," Malaysia.			robustula O. Thomas, 1915	previously included T. malayana	Tu, V. T., Csorba, G., Ruedi, M., Furey, N. M., Son, N. T., Thong, V. D., ... & Hassanin, A. (2017). Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 274, 1-38.				Philippines|Malaysia|Brunei|Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	sciname match	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Tylonycteris_robustula	1005781	23	Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat	Greater Bamboo Bat|Greater Flat-headed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Tylonycteris	NA	robustula	O. Thomas	0	Tylonycteris robustula	Thomas, O. 1915-02-01. On bats of the genera _Nyctalus_, _Tylonycteris_, and _Pipistrellus_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)15(86):225-232.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24255797	BMNH:Mamm:1911.1.18.8	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/6d95c814-4421-4330-b343-953ab9c5ee40	"Upper Sarawak, Borneo," Malaysia.			previously included T. malayana	Tu, V. T., Csorba, G., Ruedi, M., Furey, N. M., Son, N. T., Thong, V. D., ... & Hassanin, A. (2017). Comparative phylogeography of bamboo bats of the genus Tylonycteris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy, 274, 1-38.				Philippines|Malaysia|Brunei|Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Palearctic|Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	sciname match	Tylonycteris_robustula	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Tylonycteris		robustula	Thomas	1915	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 15: 227	Greater Bamboo Bat	None.	Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, Upper Sarawak.	Sumatra, Sarawak	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22578/22086856/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include malayana; see Tu et al. (2017); but see Medway (1973). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Tylonycteris robustula; Tylonycteris robustula; Tylonycteris robustula; Tylonycteris robustula; Tylonycteris robustula; Tylonycteris robustula; robustula; malayana; robustula; Vespertilion robuste; Sumatra-Bambusfledermaus; Tilonicteriorobusto; Greater Bamboo Bat; Greater Flat-headed Bat; Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat; Greater Bamboo Bat; Greater Flat-headed Bat; Greater Bamboo Bat; Greater Bamboo Bat; T. robustula