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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1639	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops persicus		[MSW3] See Hayman and Hill (1971) and Hill (1982) for discussion of contents. Does not include rufus; see Peterson et al. (1995). It is possible that majusculus represents a distinct species; see Cotterill (2001a). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.; [HMW] Triaerrops pasicus Dobson, 1871 , “at near elevauon of about 4750 feet 1448 m ] an Shiraz in Persia a lran]. D. L. Hanison in 1955 described sub species macdonaldí from the United Arab Emirates based 0 n pelage color; however, validity of characteristics separating this taxon were regarded as doubtful, and the name widely considered a junior synonym of 'E prrsirus. Populations in southwestern Arabia were assigned to an African subspecies afer , but this opinion was disproved, and populations are regarded as part of TÍ persinu. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include afer or majusculus ; includes rufus ; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.; [MDD2022] previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae; [IUCN] See Benda and Vallo (2009) for a complete revision of the genus.; [batnames2023] Does not include afer or majusculus ; includes rufus ; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.; [MDD2023] previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include afer or majusculus; includes rufus; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae				afer, majusculus		afer, humbloti, macdonaldi, majusculus, rufus (see Hayman and Hill, 1971:30, and Hill, 1982).	persicus, afer, majusculus, rufus	persicus, afer, majusculus	macdonaldi					persicus, humbloti, rufus, macdonaldi	See Benda and Vallo (2009) for a complete revision of the genus.	persicus	persicus - humbloti, macdonaldi, rufus	persicus, humbloti, rufus, macdonaldi	persicus, humbloti, rufus, macdonaldi, humbolti	persicus 	persicus - humbloti, macdonaldi, rufus 	persicus Dobson, 1871|humbloti A. Milne-Edwards, 1881|rufus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881|macdonaldi D. L. Harrison, 1956|humbolti Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling | not used as valid]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Persian trident bat	Congo Rep., Mozambique – S Arabia – Iran	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Triaenops persicus	Iran, Shiraz, 4750 ft. (1448 m).	Dobson	1871	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 40:455.	Dis tribution: Same as for genus except for absence from the Aldabra group.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Persian trident bat (? humbloti) (? rufus)	Congo Rep. – Angola, Mozambique – S Arabia – Pakistan; Madagascar	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Dobson	1871	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 40:455.		Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Zanzibar, Mozambique, Yemen, Oman, Congo Republic, Iran, perhaps Egypt.	Iran, Shiraz, 4,750 ft. (1,448 m).		DOBSON	1871	Noseleaf with two lateral supplementary leaflets. Anterior margin of median anterior process linear or slightly concave. Outer margins of lateral projections of posterior noseleaf basally emarginated. Anterior margin of ear with central step-like emargination. Rostrum with lateral profile of nares sloping posteriorly. Size medium (forearm length, 45-61 mm).	Dis tribution: Same as for genus except for absence from the Aldabra group.	Four subspecies are currently recognized:	T. p. persicus (Iran, Oman), T. p. afer (Yemen south through eastern Africa to Mozambique). T. p. majusculus (Uganda, Congo Republic, Angola), T. p. rufus (Madagascar).	68	species	T. persicus	DOBSON	1871	Triaenops	genus	Triaenops persicus				Noseleaf with two lateral supplementary leaflets. Anterior margin of median anterior process linear or slightly concave. Outer margins of lateral projections of posterior noseleaf basally emarginated. Anterior margin of ear with central step-like emargination. Rostrum with lateral profile of nares sloping posteriorly. Size medium (forearm length, 45-61 mm).	Four subspecies are currently recognized:		2. T. persicus DOBSON 1871.	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Hipposideridae			Triaenops persicus	Triaenops		persicus	Dobson		1871		J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	40		455		Persian Trident Bat	Iran, Shiraz, 4,750 ft. (1,448 m).	Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Zanzibar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Yemen, Oman, Republic of Congo, Iran, Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	macdonaldi Harrison, 1955; afer Peters, 1876; majusculus Aellen and Brosset, 1968.	See Hayman and Hill (1971) and Hill (1982) for discussion of contents. Does not include rufus; see Peterson et al. (1995). It is possible that majusculus represents a distinct species; see Cotterill (2001a). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	03A687BCFF86FF861343F61BF639F74C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	205	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/83/24/0383245F222097788B1EF4BAFCBDF99E.xml	Triaenops persicus	Rhinonycteridae	Triaenops	persicus	Dobson	1871	Tr aenop de Perse German @fr | Rufous Tr dent Bat Trple Nose-leaf Bat @en	Triaerrops pasicus Dobson, 1871 , “at near elevauon of about 4750 feet 1448 m ] an Shiraz in Persia a lran]. D. L. Hanison in 1955 described sub species macdonaldí from the United Arab Emirates based 0 n pelage color; however, validity of characteristics separating this taxon were regarded as doubtful, and the name widely considered a junior synonym of 'E prrsirus. Populations in southwestern Arabia were assigned to an African subspecies afer , but this opinion was disproved, and populations are regarded as part of TÍ persinu. Monotypic.	Narrow belt along W 8c S coast of Yemen , SW 8c NE Oman , E United Arab Emirates , S lran, and S Pakistan .	Head-body 56-72 mm, tail 27-38 mm, ear 13-6-17-4 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, foreann 48-58 mm; weight 6-18 g. The Persian Trident Bat is a large rhinonycterid. Pelage is similarly tinged dorsallv and ventrally; color is variable, including brownish orange, bright orange, pale vellowish, pale brown, and dark grayish brown; hairs are darker around eyes. Wing membranes are dark brown; noseleaf and ears are pale pinkish (unpigrnented) and pale gray to dark grayish brown. Noseleaf is large (width 7 -4-10-9 mm) and rounded or pentagonal, with strap-like longitudinal projection that resembles an hourglass in outline, lying across anterior part of anterior leaf, above deep anterior medial emargination. Three tall pointed projections occur on posterior part of posterior leaf, and its anterior part in medial position has long lanceolated projection, with sharplv pointed tip. Total width of the three posterior projections is c.50% the width of posterior leaf. Lateral parts of posterior leaf are scalloped by numerous cells and separated from each other by fleshy septa, with only one small cell in central position; lateral margins of two of three tall posterior projections are emarginated at their bases. Two supplementary leaflets occur lateral to noseleaf. Ears are short, wide, and pointed, with prominent step-like emargination on anterior margin. Second phalanx of fourth wing finger has unique transverse bone projection into membrane c. 2 -5-3 mm long. Skull has very prominent nasal swellings laterally and posteriorly. Braincase is almost as high as rostrum, and sagittal crest is long. Rostrum is relatively long compared with congeners. Wide plates are present on dorsal sides of zygomatic bones. Greatest skull lengths are 19-9-21 -8 mm, condylo-canine lengths are 15-6-18-3 mm, zygomaıic widths are 8 -4-9-9 mm, and upper tooth row (C -M lengths are 6-4-7-7 mm. l‘ is bilobed; C is slender, with slight cingulum and large posterior secondary cusp, extending one-half the C' crown height; P‘ is small and extruded, C' and P‘ are in or nearly in contact; and M‘ is only little reduced, with metacone. l, is bicuspid, I is tricuspid and larger than ll, C is slender, P? has about two-thirds the crown area and one-half the height of P4, and M is unreduced. Baculum is gracile and 1 -4-2-1 mm long, with broad proximal epiphysis and bifurcated distal epiphysis; it has narrow diaphysis (8-10% of baculum length), with relatively short arms at its distal epiphysis (arm length 0 -25-0-35 mm; c. l7-20% of baculum length) and moderately broad proximal epiphysis (basis width 0-55-0-75 mm; 35-42% of baculum length).	Xeromorphic shrublands and Acacia ( Fabaceae ) woodlands, generally belonging to the group of Sudanian and sub-Sudanian savannas, from sea level to elevations of c. 1550 m . The Persian Trident Bat does not live in desert habitats or dry mountain forests, and both habitats represent perhaps outer limits of its distribution in lran and southern Arabia. Deserts of the Empty Quarter (Rub' al-Khali) interrupt its continuous occunence in Oman .	Considering diet composition and occasional observations of foraging individuals, the Persian Trident Bat is probably an aerial hawker, preying on flying insects of various sizes at difl`erent heights aboveground. Foraging individuals are seen at water bodies in oases, gardens, and other densely vegetated places, where prey is expected to concenuate in arid environments. Individuals netted near and over open water ane the most common type of record of Persian Trident Bats. Medium-sized moths are most frequent prey and were found in all analyzed samples from Yemen and Oman . Generally, dietary spectrum of the Persian Trident Bat is rather narrow and unbalanced. Besides moths (3-99% in particular samples, mean 654%), grasshoppers (0-96%, mean 144%), beetles (0-51 %, mean 8-8%), bugs (0-47%, mean 74%), treehoppers (0-15%, mean 24 %), antlions (0-7%, mean 1 %), and some others groups were present in diets.	ln nonh-eastem Oman , pregnant Persian Trident Bats were only found in early April. Each female had one fetus in latestage development, suggesting that births occur in mid-April. Examinations of females in other seasons did not reveal any sign of an ongoing reproduction. Hence, the Persian Trident Bat probably is seasonally monoestrous, with females giving birth to one young per year. lt is possible that timing of annual reproduction differs in the two distributional areas, due to different monsoons and vegetation cycles, with reproduction taking place during high food availability in wet seasons. On following pages 3 Yemen Tr dent Bat (Traenops parvus ), 4 Alf can Tndent Bet (Tnaenops efer) 5 Rufous Tr dent Bat ( Trıaenops menamena ) 6 Percve sTndent Bat (C/oeots perc val) 7 Grand d er sTndent Bat (Pararnaenops auntus). 8 Trouessarfs Tr dent Bat (Paratr aenops furcula ).	The Persian Trident Bat is probably unable to enter torpor and does not hibernate. According to few occasional observations, it is fast and acrobatic and forages at various heights, low to the ground or over water and higher. lt leaves day roosts shortly before or at sunset and forages for several hours; foraging bats were netted c.2f) hours after sunset. The Persian Trident Bat roosts underground in natural caves and man-made structures, but there are few records of day roosts. Human-made structures used as roosts were an old fort, old underground quarry, and underground water channels (“aflaj”); use of natural caves has been documented only three times. Echolocation consists of multiharrnonic QCF calls where pulse is composed of long CF component, combined with short FM component at end (CF-FM); terminating FM component is steep sweep of 1-3 kHz. Entire call lasts 8-7-13-5 milliseconds (mean 10 -8 milliseconds); interpulse intervals are 29 -1-124-7 milliseconds (mean 55 -8 milliseconds); start frequencies are 76-7-83 -6 kHz (mean 81 -1 kHz), peak frequencies are 76-5-82 -6 kHz (mean 79-3 kHz), and end frequencies are 75 -7-81 ~6 kHz (mean 79-6 kHz).	ln roosts, Persian Trident Bats hang from ca\e ceilings alone or exceptionally in small groups that can aggregate in small ceiling niches ifavailable; there are no data on size or sexual composition of such aggre~ gations. The largest group observed in a roost had only c.5 individuals. An unspecified “great number" of the Persian Trident Bats was reported from a cave in Yemen . ln most cases, numbers of roosting Persian Trident Bats were small and highly outnumbered by coroosting Geoffroys Trident Leaf-nosed Bats ( Asellia tridms). Persian Trident Bats roosted with Egyptian Rousettes (Rnusettus aegfiølratus), Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats ( Rhinopoma musmlellum). and Geoffrov`s Trident leaf-nosed Bats in an underground stone quarry in southern Iran and with Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats and Geoffrey's Trident leaf-nosed Bats and with Egvptian Rousettes, respectively, in two caves in Oman .	Classified as Least Concern on The lUCNRıd List. There is no direct evidence of threats to Persian Trident Bats, but they could be locally threatened by disturbance at roost sites and mining activities.	Benda & Va o (2009) | Benda eta 2012) | Dobson (1871 a) | Harrison (1955) | Hıll (1982a) | Kock å Felten (1980) | Yerbury BıThomas (1895) | Zdårská (2013)	https://zenodo.org/record/6611824/files/figure.png	2. Persian Trident Bat Triaenops persicus French: Tr aenop de Perse German: Pers sdıe Dre zahnb attnase Spanish: Fl nonlcterro persa Other common names: RufousTr dent Bat Trple Nose-leaf Bat Taxonomy. Triaerrops pasicus Dobson, 1871 , “at near elevauon of about 4750 feet 1448 m ] an Shiraz in Persia a lran]. D. L. Hanison in 1955 described sub species macdonaldí from the United Arab Emirates based 0 n pelage color; however, validity of characteristics separating this taxon were regarded as doubtful, and the name widely considered a junior synonym of 'E prrsirus. Populations in southwestern Arabia were assigned to an African subspecies afer , but this opinion was disproved, and populations are regarded as part of TÍ persinu. Monotypic. Distribution. Narrow belt along W 8c S coast of Yemen , SW 8c NE Oman , E United Arab Emirates , S lran, and S Pakistan . Descriptive notes. Head-body 56-72 mm, tail 27-38 mm, ear 13-6-17-4 mm, hindfoot 8-11 mm, foreann 48-58 mm; weight 6-18 g. The Persian Trident Bat is a large rhinonycterid. Pelage is similarly tinged dorsallv and ventrally; color is variable, including brownish orange, bright orange, pale vellowish, pale brown, and dark grayish brown; hairs are darker around eyes. Wing membranes are dark brown; noseleaf and ears are pale pinkish (unpigrnented) and pale gray to dark grayish brown. Noseleaf is large (width 7 -4-10-9 mm) and rounded or pentagonal, with strap-like longitudinal projection that resembles an hourglass in outline, lying across anterior part of anterior leaf, above deep anterior medial emargination. Three tall pointed projections occur on posterior part of posterior leaf, and its anterior part in medial position has long lanceolated projection, with sharplv pointed tip. Total width of the three posterior projections is c.50% the width of posterior leaf. Lateral parts of posterior leaf are scalloped by numerous cells and separated from each other by fleshy septa, with only one small cell in central position; lateral margins of two of three tall posterior projections are emarginated at their bases. Two supplementary leaflets occur lateral to noseleaf. Ears are short, wide, and pointed, with prominent step-like emargination on anterior margin. Second phalanx of fourth wing finger has unique transverse bone projection into membrane c. 2 -5-3 mm long. Skull has very prominent nasal swellings laterally and posteriorly. Braincase is almost as high as rostrum, and sagittal crest is long. Rostrum is relatively long compared with congeners. Wide plates are present on dorsal sides of zygomatic bones. Greatest skull lengths are 19-9-21 -8 mm, condylo-canine lengths are 15-6-18-3 mm, zygomaıic widths are 8 -4-9-9 mm, and upper tooth row (C -M lengths are 6-4-7-7 mm. l‘ is bilobed; C is slender, with slight cingulum and large posterior secondary cusp, extending one-half the C' crown height; P‘ is small and extruded, C' and P‘ are in or nearly in contact; and M‘ is only little reduced, with metacone. l, is bicuspid, I is tricuspid and larger than ll, C is slender, P? has about two-thirds the crown area and one-half the height of P4, and M is unreduced. Baculum is gracile and 1 -4-2-1 mm long, with broad proximal epiphysis and bifurcated distal epiphysis; it has narrow diaphysis (8-10% of baculum length), with relatively short arms at its distal epiphysis (arm length 0 -25-0-35 mm; c. l7-20% of baculum length) and moderately broad proximal epiphysis (basis width 0-55-0-75 mm; 35-42% of baculum length). Habitat. Xeromorphic shrublands and Acacia ( Fabaceae ) woodlands, generally belonging to the group of Sudanian and sub-Sudanian savannas, from sea level to elevations of c. 1550 m . The Persian Trident Bat does not live in desert habitats or dry mountain forests, and both habitats represent perhaps outer limits of its distribution in lran and southern Arabia. Deserts of the Empty Quarter (Rub' al-Khali) interrupt its continuous occunence in Oman . Two pans of the distribution difier in annual vegetation cycle, influenced by different monsoon seasons: south-westem pan in Yemen and south-westem Oman with wet season in August-September and north-eastem pan in lran, Pakistan , United Arab Emirates , and north-eastem Oman with wet season injanuary-February Food and Feeding. Considering diet composition and occasional observations of foraging individuals, the Persian Trident Bat is probably an aerial hawker, preying on flying insects of various sizes at difl`erent heights aboveground. Foraging individuals are seen at water bodies in oases, gardens, and other densely vegetated places, where prey is expected to concenuate in arid environments. Individuals netted near and over open water ane the most common type of record of Persian Trident Bats. Medium-sized moths are most frequent prey and were found in all analyzed samples from Yemen and Oman . Generally, dietary spectrum of the Persian Trident Bat is rather narrow and unbalanced. Besides moths (3-99% in particular samples, mean 654%), grasshoppers (0-96%, mean 144%), beetles (0-51 %, mean 8-8%), bugs (0-47%, mean 74%), treehoppers (0-15%, mean 24 %), antlions (0-7%, mean 1 %), and some others groups were present in diets. Breeding. ln nonh-eastem Oman , pregnant Persian Trident Bats were only found in early April. Each female had one fetus in latestage development, suggesting that births occur in mid-April. Examinations of females in other seasons did not reveal any sign of an ongoing reproduction. Hence, the Persian Trident Bat probably is seasonally monoestrous, with females giving birth to one young per year. lt is possible that timing of annual reproduction differs in the two distributional areas, due to different monsoons and vegetation cycles, with reproduction taking place during high food availability in wet seasons. On following pages 3 Yemen Tr dent Bat (Traenops parvus ), 4 Alf can Tndent Bet (Tnaenops efer) 5 Rufous Tr dent Bat ( Trıaenops menamena ) 6 Percve sTndent Bat (C/oeots perc val) 7 Grand d er sTndent Bat (Pararnaenops auntus). 8 Trouessarfs Tr dent Bat (Paratr aenops furcula ). 9 Paul an s Tr dent Bat (Pararnaenops pau am) Activity patterns. The Persian Trident Bat is probably unable to enter torpor and does not hibernate. According to few occasional observations, it is fast and acrobatic and forages at various heights, low to the ground or over water and higher. lt leaves day roosts shortly before or at sunset and forages for several hours; foraging bats were netted c.2f) hours after sunset. The Persian Trident Bat roosts underground in natural caves and man-made structures, but there are few records of day roosts. Human-made structures used as roosts were an old fort, old underground quarry, and underground water channels (“aflaj”); use of natural caves has been documented only three times. Echolocation consists of multiharrnonic QCF calls where pulse is composed of long CF component, combined with short FM component at end (CF-FM); terminating FM component is steep sweep of 1-3 kHz. Entire call lasts 8-7-13-5 milliseconds (mean 10 -8 milliseconds); interpulse intervals are 29 -1-124-7 milliseconds (mean 55 -8 milliseconds); start frequencies are 76-7-83 -6 kHz (mean 81 -1 kHz), peak frequencies are 76-5-82 -6 kHz (mean 79-3 kHz), and end frequencies are 75 -7-81 ~6 kHz (mean 79-6 kHz). Movements, Home range and Social organization. ln roosts, Persian Trident Bats hang from ca\e ceilings alone or exceptionally in small groups that can aggregate in small ceiling niches ifavailable; there are no data on size or sexual composition of such aggre~ gations. The largest group observed in a roost had only c.5 individuals. An unspecified “great number" of the Persian Trident Bats was reported from a cave in Yemen . ln most cases, numbers of roosting Persian Trident Bats were small and highly outnumbered by coroosting Geoffroys Trident Leaf-nosed Bats ( Asellia tridms). Persian Trident Bats roosted with Egyptian Rousettes (Rnusettus aegfiølratus), Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats ( Rhinopoma musmlellum). and Geoffrov`s Trident leaf-nosed Bats in an underground stone quarry in southern Iran and with Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats and Geoffrey's Trident leaf-nosed Bats and with Egvptian Rousettes, respectively, in two caves in Oman . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The lUCNRıd List. There is no direct evidence of threats to Persian Trident Bats, but they could be locally threatened by disturbance at roost sites and mining activities. Bibliography Benda & Va o (2009) Benda eta 2012). Dobson (1871 a) Harrison (1955), Hıll (1982a). Kock å Felten (1980) Yerbury BıThomas (1895). Zdårská (2013)	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinonycteridae	Triaenops persicus	Triaenops		persicus	Dobson	1871	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	47:35:00	Persian Trident Bat	Present.	Iran, Shiraz, 4,750 ft. (1,448 m).	Yemen through Oman to Iran, Pakistan; SW Kenya	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include afer or majusculus ; includes rufus ; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Triaenops persicus	23	Persian Trident Bat	Rufous Trident Bat|Triple Nose-leaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINONYCTERIDAE	NA	NA	Triaenops	NA	persicus	Dobson	1871	0	Triaenops_persicus	Dobson, G. E. (1871). On a new genus and species of Rhinolophidae, with description of a new species of Vesperus, and notes on some other species of insectivorous bats from Persia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40, 455.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110241#page/547/mode/1up	ZMB 4370 [syntypes]		"at an elevation of about 4750 feet [= 1448 m] near Shiraz in Persia [= Iran]."			persicus Dobson, 1871|humbloti Milne-Edwards, 1881|rufus Milne-Edwards, 1881|macdonaldi D. L. Harrison, 1955	previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae	Goodman, S. M., & Ranivo, J. (2009). The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T. humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name. Mammalia, 73(1), 47-55.|Benda, P., & Vallo, P. (2009). Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica, 58, 1-45.|Foley, N. M., Thong, V. D., Soisook, P., Goodman, S. M., Armstrong, K. N., Jacobs, D. S., ... & Teeling, E. C. (2015). How and why overcome the impediments to resolution: lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32(2), 313-333.	Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Pakistan|Kenya	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Triaenops_persicus	0	sciname match	Triaenops_persicus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Triaenops persicus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	HIPPOSIDERIDAE	Triaenops	persicus	Dobson, 1871	See Benda and Vallo (2009) for a complete revision of the genus.	20000000	Triaenops persicus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category	This species generally inhabits riparian habitats in low-lying woodlands and savanna. Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999) indicate that this species is characterised as a tree-roosting bat preferring small trees and shrubs. Populations have been recorded roosting in caves and mines (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). In southwest Asia, the species has been recorded roosting in underground water channels and caves (Harrison 1964; Gallagher and Harrison 1988). In South Asia, little is known about the habitat or ecology of this species except that this species roosts among palm fronds, in the bark of palm trees and crevices in cliff surfaces. It is an early flyer with a low and fluttering flight (Bates and Harrison 1997).	There appear to be no major threats to this widespread species as a whole. The species is locally threatened in parts of its range by disturbance of roost sites and mining activities. The threats to this species remain unknown in Pakistan (Molur et al. 2002).	Some colonies of this bat can be quite large, with up to half a million animals recorded in the Koalin mines of Tanzania. In peripheral parts of the range, such as Zimbabwe, colonies are often much smaller. It appears to be a relatively rare species in Asia, however, Yerbury and Thomas (1895) recorded great numbers in a cave at Ras Fakoum Bay, Little Aden, Yemen.	Unknown	This species is found in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, and South Asia. In Africa widely distributed bat ranges through much of East Africa, with records from Djibouti in the north to central Mozambique and east Zimbabwe. The species has also been recorded in Central Africa from the Congo and Central African Republic border, south Congo, Angola and possibly Gabon. It has been recorded in southern Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, from southwestern Iran, and from Gharo (Sind) in Pakistan (Harrison and Bates 1991, Bates and Harrison 1997).		Terrestrial	There appear to be no direct conservation measures in place. In view of the species wide range it seems likely that it is present in some protected areas. Further taxonomic studies are needed for specimens of Triaenops from the Albertine Rift. In South Asia there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species, and the species has not been recorded from any protected areas. Surveys to determine the status of this species are needed (Molur et al. 2002).	Afrotropical|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinonycteridae	Triaenops		persicus	Dobson	1871	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	47:35:00	Persian Trident Bat	Present.	Iran, Shiraz, 4,750 ft. (1,448 m).	Yemen through Oman to Iran, Pakistan; SW Kenya	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include afer or majusculus ; includes rufus ; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.	Triaenops persicus	1004769	23	Persian Trident Bat	Rufous Trident Bat|Triple Nose-leaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinonycteridae	NA	NA	Triaenops	NA	persicus	Dobson	1871	0	Triaenops_persicus	Dobson, G. E. (1871). On a new genus and species of Rhinolophidae, with description of a new species of Vesperus, and notes on some other species of insectivorous bats from Persia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 40, 455.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110241#page/547/mode/1up	ZMB 4370 [syntypes]		"at an elevation of about 4750 feet [= 1448 m] near Shiraz in Persia [= Iran]."			persicus Dobson, 1871|humbloti Milne-Edwards, 1881|rufus Milne-Edwards, 1881|macdonaldi D. L. Harrison, 1955	previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae	Goodman, S. M., & Ranivo, J. (2009). The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T. humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name. Mammalia, 73(1), 47-55.|Benda, P., & Vallo, P. (2009). Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica, 58, 1-45.|Foley, N. M., Thong, V. D., Soisook, P., Goodman, S. M., Armstrong, K. N., Jacobs, D. S., ... & Teeling, E. C. (2015). How and why overcome the impediments to resolution: lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32(2), 313-333.				Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Pakistan|Kenya	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Triaenops_persicus	0	sciname match	Triaenops_persicus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Triaenops_persicus	1004769	23	Persian Trident Bat	Rufous Trident Bat|Triple Nose-leaf Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinonycteridae	NA	NA	Triaenops	NA	persicus	Dobson	0	Triaenops persicus	Dobson, G.E. 1871. On a new genus and species of Rhinolophidae, with description of a new species of _Vesperus_, and notes on some other species of insectivorous bats from Persia. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40(4):455-461.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35631339	BMNH:Mamm:1876.3.10.3, ZMB 4370, ZSI 15589, ZSI 15590	syntypes	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/356217bc-98dd-44b9-99a1-d10a0fd0641a	"at an elevation of about 4750 feet [= 1448 m] near Shiraz in Persia [= Iran]."			previously included T. afer and includes the names rufus and humbloti (populations of which are now known under the replacement name T. menamena); moved from Hipposideridae to Rhinonycteridae	Goodman, S. M., & Ranivo, J. (2009). The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T. humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name. Mammalia, 73(1), 47-55.|Benda, P., & Vallo, P. (2009). Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zoologica, 58, 1-45.|Foley, N. M., Thong, V. D., Soisook, P., Goodman, S. M., Armstrong, K. N., Jacobs, D. S., ... & Teeling, E. C. (2015). How and why overcome the impediments to resolution: lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32(2), 313-333.				Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Pakistan|Kenya	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Triaenops_persicus	0	sciname match	Triaenops_persicus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinonycteridae	Triaenops		persicus	Dobson	1871	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	47:35:00	Persian Trident Bat	Present.	Iran, Shiraz, 4,750 ft. (1,448 m).	Yemen through Oman to Iran, Pakistan; SW Kenya	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/81069403/22040322/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include afer or majusculus; includes rufus; see Benda and Vallo (2009). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See also Hayman and Hill (1971), Hill (1982), Peterson et al. (1995) Taylor (2000) for discussion of contents.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Triaenops persicus; Triaenops persicus; Triaenops persicus; Triaenops persicus; Triaenops persicus; Triaenops persicus; persicus; afer; majusculus; macdonaldi; persicus; humbloti; rufus; macdonaldi; Tr aenop de Perse German; Rufous Tr dent Bat Trple Nose-leaf Bat; Persian Trident Bat; Rufous Trident Bat; Triple Nose-leaf Bat; Persian Trident Bat; Persian Trident Bat; T. persicus