http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1633	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops cirrhosus		[MSW3] Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001).; [HMW] Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, 1823 , type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Para, Brazil . Three subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Does not include ehrhardti ; see Fonseca (2019). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001) and Fonseca (2019).; [MDD2022] previously included T. ehrhardti; [IUCN] This may be a species complex.; [batnames2023] Includes ehrhardti as a subspecies since a comprehensive analysis of the genus does not show this taxon to be distinct from cirrhosus (N.B. Simmons, pers. comm., 2023). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001) and Fonseca (2019).; [MDD2023] tentatively includes ehrhardti, which was recently recognized as a distinct species based on an unpublished dissertation; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included T. coffini and T. ehrhardti; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include ehrhardti or coffini; see Fonseca et al. (2024). May represent a species complex; see discussion in Fonseca et al. (2024). See also Ditchfield (2000), Clare (2011), and Clare et al. (2011). Includes the name angusticeps Gervais 1856, long thought to be a junior synonym of Phyllostomus discolor; see Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (2016). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001), Fonseca (2019), and Fonseca et al. (2024). The type of cirrhosus has been lost and a neotype has not been designated; see Carter and Dolan (1978), Kraft (1983).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included T. coffini and T. ehrhardti						coffini, ehrhardti, fuliginosus.	coffini, cirrhosus, ehrhardti	cirrhosus, coffini, ehrhardti	fuliginosus	cirrhosus, coffini, ehrhardti		cirrhosus, coffini, ehrhardti	cirrhosus - angusticeps, fuliginosus	cirrhosus, fuliginosus, coffini	This may be a species complex.	cirrhosus, coffini, ehrhardti	cirrhosus - angusticeps, fuliginosus	cirrhosus, fuliginosus, coffini, ehrhardti	cirrhosus, fuliginosus, angusticeps	cirrhosus 	cirrhosus - angusticeps, fuliginosus	cirrhosus (von Spix, 1823)|fuliginosus J. E. Gray, 1847|angusticeps (P. Gervais, 1855)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Fringe-lipped bat	S Mexico – E Peru, Bolivia, S Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Trachops cirrhosus	Brazil, Pernambuco.	Spix	1823	Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 64.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Fringe-lipped bat	S Mexico – E Peru, Bolivia, S Brazil; Trinidad	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Spix	1823	Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 64.		Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad.	Brazil, Pernambuco.		SPIX	1823	Size fairly small (forearm length, 57-62 mm; condylobasal length, 24-27 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Three subspecies are recognized:	T. c. coffini (southern Mexico to Nicaragua), T. c. cirrhosus (Costa Rica to Amazonian Brazil), T. c. ehrhardti (eastern Brazil and perhaps Bolivia).	77	species	T. cirrhosus	SPIX	1823	Trachops	genus	Trachops cirrhosus				Size fairly small (forearm length, 57-62 mm; condylobasal length, 24-27 mm).	Three subspecies are recognized:		1. T. cirrhosus (SPIX 1823).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae		Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops		cirrhosus	Spix	y	1823		Sim. Vespert. Brasil.			64		Fringe-lipped Bat	Brazil, Pará (restricted by Husson, 1962).	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	fuliginosus Gray, 1865; coffini Goldman, 1925; ehrhardti Felten, 1956.	Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001).	0383245F222797798BC0F1E7FB9BF74D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinonycteridae_194.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ffba5c272223977c8e73f509ffb1ffd0	501	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFA0FFA316BDFDD7FA84F6DC.xml	Trachops cirrhosus	Phyllostomidae	Trachops	cirrhosus		1823	Trachope verruqueux @fr | Fransenlippenfledermaus @de | Tracopsde labios verrugosos @es | Frog-eating Bat @en	Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, 1823 , type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Para, Brazil . Three subspecies are recognized.	T.c.cirrhosusSpix,1823—fromCostaRicaStoSouthAmerica,includingColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Ecuador,Peru,N&CBrazil,andBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI. T.c.coffiniGoldman,1925—fromSMexico(SVeracruz,OaxacaandmostofYucatanPeninsula)StoNicaragua. T. c. ehrhardti Felten, 1956 — SE Brazil .	Head-body 72-95 mm, tail 10-20 mm, ear 30-40 mm, hindfoot 16— 22 mm , forearm 56-65 mm; weight 28-45 g. Compared with other phyllostomids, the Fringe-lipped Bat is large, powerful, and robust. Fur is long, woolly, and rich brown to grayish brown and cinnamon; venteris slightly paler than dorsum. Forearm is furry on its dorsal surface to at least 50% ofits length. Ears are very large and round, with narrow, pointed tragus. Inner edges of ears are hairy. Noseleaf has very distinct and well-developed lancet that, as in other phyllostomines,is not extremely long. Mouth area, especially chin and lowerlip, are copiously studded with elongated projections that resemble warts and are sensitive. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short, projecting close to center of tail membrane on dorsal side. There is limited sexual dimorphism, but during mating season, males have gular gland on upper chest that exudes white odorous paste. Dental formula is 12/2, C1/1,P 2/3, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56. X-chromosome and Y-chromosome are acrocentric.	Usually lowland tropical rainforests, most frequently associated with water bodies, from sea level to elevations of ¢. 500 m . In Central and South America, Fringelipped Bats have been found in drier ecosystems, including tropical dry forests, caatinga, cerrado, and other habitats. They tend to avoid disturbed areas and are vulnerable to habitat and roost destruction.	Fringe-lipped Bats are considered foliage-gleaning carnivores, with very diverse diets. They eat beetles, orthopterans, several species of frogs, lizards such as geckos and anoles, bats, and even prey as large as mouse opossums weighing onethird of their body weight. They sometimes eat fruit. They eavesdrop on unsuspecting, calling prey such as tungara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus) or katydids. They conduct shortflights to their hunting grounds, but if hunting frogs, they can fly longer. They are also sit-and-wait predators, seeking acoustic cues from their prey while perched in a tree or other surface, from which the attack is then launched. Fringe-lipped Bats are rapid learners that can incorporate cues and information from the environment into their foraging habits—e.g. they can learn that a sound represents new prey and identify new prey by listening to other species of gleaning bats.	Female Fringe-lipped Bats carry one embryo, and depending on location, they are bimodally polyestrous or monoestrous. Parturition is timed with onset of rainy season, likely to maximize food availability for mother and offspring. Harems seem to contain a few females and one male.	Fringe-lipped Bats become active less than 30 minutes after sunset. They leave their roosts and conduct relatively short flights (average 220 m from roost) and then perch in a sit-and-wait strategy listening for acoustic cues emitted by prey. After they detect prey, an attack is launched with a brief flight from the perch. They fly in short bouts, with longest flights averaging c.12 minutes. When all flights were accumulated over the entire night,six bats flew an average of 68 minutes in one night, indicating that only c.11% of their time budget was spent in flight; remainder of time was spent perching, supposedly eavesdropping for calling prey. They roost in caves, culverts, archaeological remains, hollow trees, mines, and abandoned buildings.	Fringe-lipped Bats have been radiotracked repeatedly on Barro Colorado Island, Panama . As many as four females and two males that occupied a tree hollow in Anacardium excelsum ( Anacardiaceae ) were radio-tracked. They tended to carry out relatively short flights to and from the roost. The average home range of the Fringe-lipped Bat is ¢.60 ha (range 15-110 ha). Home range of an individual can overlap with 1-4 other individuals. On average, less than 10% of their home ranges (c.12 ha) are used as foraging areas. Any individual might have more than one foraging area that it uses repeatedly but not in a consistent, predictable fashion. Fringe-lipped Bats show low roost fidelity, with individuals switching roosts every 1-18 days. This suggests that group social dynamics approaches the fissionfusion model, and some individuals tended to move from one roost to the next in the company of one other individual. Social organization seems to be that of harems with one male associated with two or more females, but more studies are needed to confirm this. Colonies can number up to 50 individuals of both sexes. Fringe-lipped Bats can share roosts with a wide variety of other bat species, including the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat ( Diphylla ecaudata ), the Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma brasiliense ), the Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ), the Orange-throated Bat ( Lampronycteris brachyotis ), the Long-legged Bat ( Macrophyllum macrophyllum ), the Common Sword-nosed Bat ( Lonchorhina aurita ), the Cozumelan Golden Bat ( Mimon cozumelae ), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ( Glossophaga soricina ), the Tailed Tailless Bat ( Anoura caudifer ), Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (A. geoffroyi ), the Brazilian Nectar Bat ( Lonchophylla mordax ), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat ( Carollia perspicillata ), sac-winged bats ( Saccopteryx spp.), the Greater Dog-like Bat ( Peropteryx kappleri ), and the Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ). On following pages: 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris crenulatum ); 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris keenani); 28. Koepcke's Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris koepckeae ); 29. Kalko's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma kalkoae ); 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma brasiliense ); 31. Carriker's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma carrikeri ); 32. Schulz's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma schulzi ); 33. Western Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma occidentale); 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma evotis ); 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma silvicola ); 36. Greater Round-eared Bat ( Tonatia bidens ); 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat ( Tonatia saurophila ); 38. Pale-faced Bat ( Phylloderma stenops ); 39. Pale Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus discolon; 40. Lesser Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus elongatus ); 41. Greater Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus hastatus ); 42. Guianan Spearnosed Bat (Phyllostomuslatifolius); 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat ( Chrotopterus auritus ); 44. Southern Golden Bat ( Mimon bennett); 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat ( Mimon cozumelae ); 46. Spectral Bat ( Vampyrum spectrum ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fringelipped Bats seem to be affected negatively by human disturbance of forests and roosts, which led Mexico to list it as federally threatened.	Cramer et al. (2001) | Giannini & Kalko (2005) | Gray (1847) | Husson (1962) | Jones et al. (2017) | Kalko et al. (1999) | Page & Jones (2016) | Page & Ryan (2006) | Patriquin et al. (2018) | Williams & Genoways (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458652/files/figure.png	25. Fringe-lipped Bat Trachops cirrhosus French: Trachope verruqueux / German: Fransenlippenfledermaus / Spanish: Tracops de labios verrugosos Other common names: Frog-eating Bat Taxonomy. Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, 1823 , type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Para, Brazil . Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. T.c.cirrhosusSpix,1823—fromCostaRicaStoSouthAmerica,includingColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Ecuador,Peru,N&CBrazil,andBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI. T.c.coffiniGoldman,1925—fromSMexico(SVeracruz,OaxacaandmostofYucatanPeninsula)StoNicaragua. T. c. ehrhardti Felten, 1956 — SE Brazil . Descriptive notes. Head-body 72-95 mm, tail 10-20 mm, ear 30-40 mm, hindfoot 16— 22 mm , forearm 56-65 mm; weight 28-45 g. Compared with other phyllostomids, the Fringe-lipped Bat is large, powerful, and robust. Fur is long, woolly, and rich brown to grayish brown and cinnamon; venteris slightly paler than dorsum. Forearm is furry on its dorsal surface to at least 50% ofits length. Ears are very large and round, with narrow, pointed tragus. Inner edges of ears are hairy. Noseleaf has very distinct and well-developed lancet that, as in other phyllostomines,is not extremely long. Mouth area, especially chin and lowerlip, are copiously studded with elongated projections that resemble warts and are sensitive. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short, projecting close to center of tail membrane on dorsal side. There is limited sexual dimorphism, but during mating season, males have gular gland on upper chest that exudes white odorous paste. Dental formula is 12/2, C1/1,P 2/3, M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56. X-chromosome and Y-chromosome are acrocentric. Habitat. Usually lowland tropical rainforests, most frequently associated with water bodies, from sea level to elevations of ¢. 500 m . In Central and South America, Fringelipped Bats have been found in drier ecosystems, including tropical dry forests, caatinga, cerrado, and other habitats. They tend to avoid disturbed areas and are vulnerable to habitat and roost destruction. Food and Feeding. Fringe-lipped Bats are considered foliage-gleaning carnivores, with very diverse diets. They eat beetles, orthopterans, several species of frogs, lizards such as geckos and anoles, bats, and even prey as large as mouse opossums weighing onethird of their body weight. They sometimes eat fruit. They eavesdrop on unsuspecting, calling prey such as tungara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus) or katydids. They conduct shortflights to their hunting grounds, but if hunting frogs, they can fly longer. They are also sit-and-wait predators, seeking acoustic cues from their prey while perched in a tree or other surface, from which the attack is then launched. Fringe-lipped Bats are rapid learners that can incorporate cues and information from the environment into their foraging habits—e.g. they can learn that a sound represents new prey and identify new prey by listening to other species of gleaning bats. Breeding. Female Fringe-lipped Bats carry one embryo, and depending on location, they are bimodally polyestrous or monoestrous. Parturition is timed with onset of rainy season, likely to maximize food availability for mother and offspring. Harems seem to contain a few females and one male. Activity patterns. Fringe-lipped Bats become active less than 30 minutes after sunset. They leave their roosts and conduct relatively short flights (average 220 m from roost) and then perch in a sit-and-wait strategy listening for acoustic cues emitted by prey. After they detect prey, an attack is launched with a brief flight from the perch. They fly in short bouts, with longest flights averaging c.12 minutes. When all flights were accumulated over the entire night,six bats flew an average of 68 minutes in one night, indicating that only c.11% of their time budget was spent in flight; remainder of time was spent perching, supposedly eavesdropping for calling prey. They roost in caves, culverts, archaeological remains, hollow trees, mines, and abandoned buildings. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fringe-lipped Bats have been radiotracked repeatedly on Barro Colorado Island, Panama . As many as four females and two males that occupied a tree hollow in Anacardium excelsum ( Anacardiaceae ) were radio-tracked. They tended to carry out relatively short flights to and from the roost. The average home range of the Fringe-lipped Bat is ¢.60 ha (range 15-110 ha). Home range of an individual can overlap with 1-4 other individuals. On average, less than 10% of their home ranges (c.12 ha) are used as foraging areas. Any individual might have more than one foraging area that it uses repeatedly but not in a consistent, predictable fashion. Fringe-lipped Bats show low roost fidelity, with individuals switching roosts every 1-18 days. This suggests that group social dynamics approaches the fissionfusion model, and some individuals tended to move from one roost to the next in the company of one other individual. Social organization seems to be that of harems with one male associated with two or more females, but more studies are needed to confirm this. Colonies can number up to 50 individuals of both sexes. Fringe-lipped Bats can share roosts with a wide variety of other bat species, including the Common Vampire Bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat ( Diphylla ecaudata ), the Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma brasiliense ), the Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ), the Orange-throated Bat ( Lampronycteris brachyotis ), the Long-legged Bat ( Macrophyllum macrophyllum ), the Common Sword-nosed Bat ( Lonchorhina aurita ), the Cozumelan Golden Bat ( Mimon cozumelae ), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat ( Glossophaga soricina ), the Tailed Tailless Bat ( Anoura caudifer ), Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (A. geoffroyi ), the Brazilian Nectar Bat ( Lonchophylla mordax ), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat ( Carollia perspicillata ), sac-winged bats ( Saccopteryx spp.), the Greater Dog-like Bat ( Peropteryx kappleri ), and the Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ). On following pages: 26. Striped Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris crenulatum ); 27. Keenan's Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris keenani); 28. Koepcke's Hairy-nosed Bat ( Gardnerycteris koepckeae ); 29. Kalko's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma kalkoae ); 30. Pygmy Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma brasiliense ); 31. Carriker's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma carrikeri ); 32. Schulz's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma schulzi ); 33. Western Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma occidentale); 34. Davis's Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma evotis ); 35. White-throated Round-eared Bat ( Lophostoma silvicola ); 36. Greater Round-eared Bat ( Tonatia bidens ); 37. Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat ( Tonatia saurophila ); 38. Pale-faced Bat ( Phylloderma stenops ); 39. Pale Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus discolon; 40. Lesser Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus elongatus ); 41. Greater Spearnosed Bat ( Phyllostomus hastatus ); 42. Guianan Spearnosed Bat (Phyllostomuslatifolius); 43. Woolly False Vampire Bat ( Chrotopterus auritus ); 44. Southern Golden Bat ( Mimon bennett); 45. Cozumelan Golden Bat ( Mimon cozumelae ); 46. Spectral Bat ( Vampyrum spectrum ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fringelipped Bats seem to be affected negatively by human disturbance of forests and roosts, which led Mexico to list it as federally threatened. Bibliography. Cramer et al. (2001), Giannini & Kalko (2005), Gray (1847), Husson (1962), Jones et al. (2017), Kalko et al. (1999), Page & Jones (2016), Page & Ryan (2006), Patriquin et al. (2018), Williams & Genoways (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Trachops cirrhosus	Trachops		cirrhosus	Spix	1823	1	Sim. Vespert. Brasil.	p. 64	Fringe-lipped Bat	 angusticeps Gervais 1856; fuliginosus Gray, 1865; <b> coffini </b> Goldman, 1925; <b> ehrhardti </b> Felten, 1956.	Brazil, Par&aacute;(restricted by Husson, 1962).	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include ehrhardti ; see Fonseca (2019). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001) and Fonseca (2019).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Trachops cirrhosus	23	Common Fringe-lipped Bat	Frog-eating Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	MACROPHYLLINI	Trachops	NA	cirrhosus	Spix	1823	1						type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Pará, Brazil.			cirrhosus (Spix, 1823)|fuliginosus J. E. Gray, 1857|coffini E. A. Goldman, 1925	previously included T. ehrhardti	Leite, Y., Gregorin, R., Tavares, V., Monteiro, C., Prado, J., Chiquito, E., ... & Ditchfield, A. (2019). Taxonomia integrativa revela diversidade críptica em Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Dissertation.	Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	sciname match	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	22029	Trachops cirrhosus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Trachops	cirrhosus	(Spix, 1823)	This may be a species complex.	20000000	Trachops cirrhosus	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It is strongly associated with tropical evergreen forest but occurs in regions of dry deciduous forest near moist habitats. This species tends to roost in caves, hollow trees, road culverts and buildings. The colonies are small (fewer than six individuals), but larger maternity colonies are sometimes found in deep caves. In the Amazon forest and in Bahia this species has a patchy distribution (Faria pers. comm.). There is some evidence that the young associate with a parent for a considerable period. This bat flies low through the forest understory to forage over streams or other wet areas (Eisenberg 1989, Reid 1997). Although they eat insects, these bats are active predators and also feed on lizards, other mammals (including some bats), birds and frogs. Some individuals of this species may specialize on frogs (Tuttle et al.  1982). Indeed, some frog species have been under considerable selection to produce calls that render them less conspicuous to the ears of the predators, the bat can also discriminate between poisonous and edible species on the basis of their calls. A single young is produced near the end of the dry season (Reid 1997).	No major threats are known throughout its range.	It is fairly common in lowland forest. It is uncommon in agricultural areas and at higher elevations (Reid 1997). It can be locally common.	Stable	This bat ranges from lowlands to 1,400 m asl (Reid 1997) in Central and South America. This bat is distributed from Oaxaca, southern Mexico, south through the Isthmus and ranges broadly over the tropical portions of South America to southeastern Brazil, and also Trinidad (Eisenberg 1989, Reid 1997).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	It is recommended to reduce habitat loss. This species occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range. ;In Mexico, it is listed as threatened under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (Arroyo-Vabrales pers. comm.).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Trachops		cirrhosus	Spix	1823	1	Sim. Vespert. Brasil.	p. 64	Fringe-lipped Bat	 angusticeps Gervais 1856; fuliginosus Gray, 1865; <b> coffini </b> Goldman, 1925; <b> ehrhardti </b> Felten, 1956.	Brazil, Par&aacute; (restricted by Husson, 1962).	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes ehrhardti as a subspecies since a comprehensive analysis of the genus does not show this taxon to be distinct from cirrhosus (N.B. Simmons, pers. comm., 2023). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001) and Fonseca (2019).	Trachops cirrhosus	1004967	23	Fringe-lipped Bat	Frog-eating Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	PHYLLOSTOMINAE	MACROPHYLLINI	Trachops	NA	cirrhosus	Spix	1823	1						type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Pará, Brazil.			cirrhosus (Spix, 1823)|fuliginosus J. E. Gray, 1857|coffini E. A. Goldman, 1925|ehrhardti Felten, 1956	tentatively includes ehrhardti, which was recently recognized as a distinct species based on an unpublished dissertation	Leite, Y., Gregorin, R., Tavares, V., Monteiro, C., Prado, J., Chiquito, E., ... & Ditchfield, A. (2019). Taxonomia integrativa revela diversidade críptica em Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Dissertation.				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	sciname match	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Trachops_cirrhosus	1004967	23	Common Fringe-lipped Bat	Frog-eating Bat|Fringe-lipped Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Phyllostominae	Macrophyllini	Trachops	NA	cirrhosus	von Spix	1	Vampyrus cirrhosus	Spix, J.B. von. 1823. Simiarum et vespertilionum brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de singes et de chauves-souris observées et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l'intérieur du Brésil exécuté par ordre de S. M. le roi de Bavière dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820. Franciscus Seraphicus Hübschmann, Munich, 72 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57826993	lost (number not known)	nonexistent		type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Pará, Brazil.			previously included T. coffini and T. ehrhardti	Leite, Y., Gregorin, R., Tavares, V., Monteiro, C., Prado, J., Chiquito, E., ... & Ditchfield, A. (2019). Taxonomia integrativa revela diversidade críptica em Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Dissertation.|Fonseca, B. D. S., Soto-Centeno, J. A., Simmons, N. B., Ditchfield, A. D., & Leite, Y. L. (2024). A species complex in the iconic frog-eating bat Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) with high variation in the heart of the Neotropics. American Museum Novitates, 2024(4021), 1-27.|Camacho, M. A., Menendez-Guerrero, P. A., Horvath, B., Cadar, D., & Murienne, J. (2024). A polytypic species revisited: Phylogenetic and morphological variation, taxonomic status, and geographical distribution of Trachops (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Journal of Mammalogy, gyae067.				Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	sciname match	Trachops_cirrhosus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Trachops		cirrhosus	Spix	1823	1	Sim. Vespert. Brasil.	p. 64	Fringe-lipped Bat	angusticeps Gervais 1856; fuliginosus Gray, 1865; coffini Goldman, 1925; ehrhardti Felten, 1956.	Brazil, Par&aacute; (restricted by Husson, 1962)	Costa Rica to Guianas, NE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22029/22042903/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include ehrhardti or coffini; see Fonseca et al. (2024). May represent a species complex; see discussion in Fonseca et al. (2024). See also Ditchfield (2000), Clare (2011), and Clare et al. (2011). Includes the name angusticeps Gervais 1856, long thought to be a junior synonym of Phyllostomus discolor; see Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (2016). Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001), Fonseca (2019), and Fonseca et al. (2024). The type of cirrhosus has been lost and a neotype has not been designated; see Carter and Dolan (1978), Kraft (1983).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Trachops cirrhosus; Trachops cirrhosus; Trachops cirrhosus; Trachops cirrhosus; Trachops cirrhosus; Trachops cirrhosus; cirrhosus; coffini; ehrhardti; fuliginosus; cirrhosus; coffini; ehrhardti; coffini; ehrhardti; angusticeps; fuliginosus; cirrhosus; fuliginosus; coffini; Trachope verruqueux; Fransenlippenfledermaus; Tracopsde labios verrugosos; Frog-eating Bat; Common Fringe-lipped Bat; Frog-eating Bat; Fringe-lipped Bat; Fringe-lipped Bat; T. cirrhosus