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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1628	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas ravum	Tomopeas ravum	Tomopeas ravum	Tomopeas ravum		[HMW] Tomopeas ravus G. S. Miller, 1900 , “Yayan, Cajamarca , Peru (alt. 1000 metres).” This species is monotypic.; [IUCN] Tomopeas is a monotypic genus. There is uncertainty as to which genus this species belongs (Velazco pers. comm.).; [MDD2023] specific epithet generally spelt 'ravus', but the genus is considered neuter in gender, so the spelling is changed to 'ravum' here; [MDD2025_2.0] specific epithet generally spelt 'ravus', but the genus is considered neuter in gender, so the spelling is changed to 'ravum' here; [batnames2025_1.7] Species epithet ending changed to agree with the neuter generic name Tomopeas.; [MDD2025_2.2] specific epithet generally spelt 'ravus', but the genus is considered neuter in gender, so the spelling is changed to 'ravum' here														ravus	Tomopeas is a monotypic genus. There is uncertainty as to which genus this species belongs (Velazco pers. comm.).			ravus	ravum			ravum G. S. Miller, 1900		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NW Peru	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Tomopeas ravus	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1000 m.	Miller	1900	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 6:571.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		NW Peru	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Miller	1900	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 6:571.		W Peru.	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1,000 m.		MILLER	1900	Forearm length, 31 35 mm.	Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies.		135	species	T. ravus	MILLER	1900	Tomopeas	genus	Tomopeas ravus				Forearm length, 31 35 mm.	No subspecies.		1. T. ravus MILLER 1900.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Tomopeatinae		Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas		ravus	Miller		1900		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	6		571		Blunt-eared Bat	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1,000 m.	W Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.			03A687BCFFA4FFA41640FE0BF811FFCA	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	621	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBEBA12B486F560B763F843.xml	Tomopeas ravus	Molossidae	Tomopeas	ravus	G. S. Miller	1900	Murin-molosse @fr | Stumpfohrfledermaus @de | Tomopeo de Perl @es | Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat @en | Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat @en	Tomopeas ravus G. S. Miller, 1900 , “Yayan, Cajamarca , Peru (alt. 1000 metres).” This species is monotypic.	W Peru from Piura to Ica departments.	Head—body 36-42 mm, tail 29-45 mm, ear 11-16 mm, hindfoot 4-5-6 mm, forearm 31-36 mm; weight 2-4 g. Dorsum of the Blunt-eared Batis pale yellowish brown, with hairs having blackish bases; venter is grayish buffy, with hairs having black bases and cream tips. It has broad flaring upperlips, fringed with pale hairs. Nostrils are well defined and tubular. Ears are triangular, with slightly rounded tips. Skin membranes are brownish. Uropatagium extends to nearly end of tail exceptfor at least last two vertebrae, which are free. Calcar is about as long as tibia and keeled for one-half its length. Auditory bullae are distinctively disk-shaped and flattened.	Dry, desert-like habitats on western slopes of Andes from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2300 m .	The Blunt-eared Bat primarily eats beetles ( Coleoptera ).	Pregnant Blunt-eared Bats have been found in February and July-August and lactating females in July-August.	Blunt-eared Bats roost in crevices of granite boulders and caves.	The Blunt-eared Bat roosts alone.	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Blunteared Bat is experiencing ongoing population decline and has a small fragmented distribution. Area of occupancy is estimated at less than 100 km ?®. It occurs in only twelve known localities, but 4-5 of these in northern Peru are less than 3 km apart. Availability of day roosts is decreasing due to extreme habitat change caused by agriculture, urban expansion, and other anthropogenic factors. Local extirpation due to destruction of habitat from changes in land use is a possibility.	Barkley (2008) | Davis (1970c) | Miller (1900a) | Velazco, Cadenillas et al. (2013) | Zamora etal. (2014)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772238/files/figure.png	1. Blunt-eared Bat Tomopeas ravus French: Murin-molosse / German: Stumpfohrfledermaus / Spanish: Tomopeo de Perl Other common names: Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat , Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat Taxonomy. Tomopeas ravus G. S. Miller, 1900 , “Yayan, Cajamarca , Peru (alt. 1000 metres).” This species is monotypic. Distribution. W Peru from Piura to Ica departments. Descriptive notes. Head—body 36-42 mm, tail 29-45 mm, ear 11-16 mm, hindfoot 4-5-6 mm, forearm 31-36 mm; weight 2-4 g. Dorsum of the Blunt-eared Batis pale yellowish brown, with hairs having blackish bases; venter is grayish buffy, with hairs having black bases and cream tips. It has broad flaring upperlips, fringed with pale hairs. Nostrils are well defined and tubular. Ears are triangular, with slightly rounded tips. Skin membranes are brownish. Uropatagium extends to nearly end of tail exceptfor at least last two vertebrae, which are free. Calcar is about as long as tibia and keeled for one-half its length. Auditory bullae are distinctively disk-shaped and flattened. Dental formulais11/2, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (2) = Habitat. Dry, desert-like habitats on western slopes of Andes from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2300 m . Food and Feeding. The Blunt-eared Bat primarily eats beetles ( Coleoptera ). Breeding. Pregnant Blunt-eared Bats have been found in February and July-August and lactating females in July-August. Activity patterns. Blunt-eared Bats roost in crevices of granite boulders and caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Blunt-eared Bat roosts alone. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Blunteared Bat is experiencing ongoing population decline and has a small fragmented distribution. Area of occupancy is estimated at less than 100 km ?®. It occurs in only twelve known localities, but 4-5 of these in northern Peru are less than 3 km apart. Availability of day roosts is decreasing due to extreme habitat change caused by agriculture, urban expansion, and other anthropogenic factors. Local extirpation due to destruction of habitat from changes in land use is a possibility. Bibliography. Barkley (2008), Davis (1970c), Miller (1900a), Velazco, Cadenillas et al. (2013), Zamora etal. (2014).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Tomopeas ravus	Tomopeas		ravus	Miller	1900	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 6: 571	Blunt-eared Bat	None.	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1,000 m.	W Peru.	Not listed.	Endangered		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Tomopeas ravus	23	Blunt-eared Bat	Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat|Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	TOMOPEATINAE	NA	Tomopeas	NA	ravus	G. S. Miller	1900	0	Tomopeas_ravus	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1900). A new bat from Peru. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 6, 571.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53364#page/589/mode/1up	BM 1900.3.1.101		"Yayan, Cajamarca, Peru (alt. 1000 metres)."			ravus G. S. Miller, 1900	NA	NA	Peru	South America	Neotropic	EN	0	0	0	Tomopeas_ravus	0	sciname match	Tomopeas_ravus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21982	Tomopeas ravus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Tomopeas	ravus	Miller, 1900	Tomopeas is a monotypic genus. There is uncertainty as to which genus this species belongs (Velazco pers. comm.).	20000000	Tomopeas ravus	Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii)	2016	2014-07-14 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Endangered in light of an ongoing population reduction and small and fragmented geographic range. The area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be &lt; 100 km<sup>2</sup>. It occurs in 12 known localities, but four to five of these in northern Peru are less than three kilometres apart; most of these sites are affected by the same threats, or small combinations of these, resulting in 5 locations. Availability of day-time roosts is declining due to extreme habitat change because of agriculture, urban expansion and other anthropogenic factors.	This bat is found from sea level to 2,300 m asl in the semi-arid areas of coastal central and northwestern Peru. The roosts are under granite boulders and in caves (Davis 1970). Stomach and fecal-pellet contents show a food preference for beetles (Coleoptera). This species is apparently reproductively active during the months of July and August. Two large foetuses and four lactating females were reported during this period (Barkley 2008). Tomopeas ravus has been reported from only a few localities throughout its distribution and has not been recorded again for over 30 years, despite several collecting trips searching for the species during that period (R. Cadenillas pers. comm.). This raises the possibility of local extirpation due to the destruction of its habitat resulting from changes in landuse (i.e., agriculture, urban expansion, and other anthropogenic factors) (Zamora et al . 2014).	This species occurs in only few caves, some of which are being fumigated to control rabies (Velazco pers. comm.). Changes in land use may affect the availability of preys (insects) for the population.	This species is expected to decline in response to refuge disturbance by humans. It is known from 12 collection points in Peru, where is it considered to be Critically Endangered.	Decreasing	Tomopeas ravus ;is endemic to the coastal desert of central and northern Peru, with the exception of some records from the department of Cajamarca in the highlands of northern Peru (Velazco et al. 2013, Zamora et al. 2014). The ;<span class="SpellE">elevational ;range of ;Tomopeas ravus ; is from near sea level (Department of Piura) to near 2,300 m asl (Department of Cajamarca; Velazco et al. 2013).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	The protection of the particular rock formations used as day-time roosts by these bats is needed. None of the localities where this species has been recovered are part of a protected area by the Peruvian government. Also, it is important to implement plans to monitor the subpopulations and study their ecology, feeding habits and roosting behaviour, ;among other important aspects of their natural history, ;and detect possible migration routes. Additionally it is will be important to educate local people through workshops on the importance of this species in the ecosystem.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Tomopeas		ravus	Miller	1900	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 6: 571	Blunt-eared Bat	None.	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1,000 m.	W Peru.	Not listed.	Endangered		Tomopeas ravum	1005269	23	Blunt-eared Bat	Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat|Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	TOMOPEATINAE	NA	Tomopeas	NA	ravum	G. S. Miller	1900	0	Tomopeas_ravus	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1900). A new bat from Peru. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 6, 571.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53364#page/589/mode/1up	BM 1900.3.1.101		"Yayan, Cajamarca, Peru (alt. 1000 metres)."			ravum G. S. Miller, 1900	specific epithet generally spelt 'ravus', but the genus is considered neuter in gender, so the spelling is changed to 'ravum' here	NA				Peru	South America	Neotropic	EN	0	0	0	Tomopeas_ravus	0	sciname match	Tomopeas_ravus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Tomopeas_ravum	1005269	23	Blunt-eared Bat	Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat|Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Tomopeatinae	NA	Tomopeas	NA	ravum	G. S. Miller	0	Tomopeas ravus	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1900-12-01. A new bat from Peru. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)6(36):570-574.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19266367	BMNH:Mamm:1900.3.1.101	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2d3a09d8-3b13-41eb-aa98-5d13771c06dd	"Yayan, Cajamarca, Peru (alt. 1000 metres)."			specific epithet generally spelt 'ravus', but the genus is considered neuter in gender, so the spelling is changed to 'ravum' here	NA				Peru	South America	Neotropic	EN (as Tomopeas ravus)	0	0	0	Tomopeas_ravus	0	sciname match	Tomopeas_ravus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Tomopeas		ravum	Miller	1900	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 6: 571	Blunt-eared Bat	None.	Peru, Cajamarca, Yayan, 1,000 m.	W Peru.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21982/21975053/' target='_blank'>Endangered as Tomopeas ravus</a>	Species epithet ending changed to agree with the neuter generic name Tomopeas.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Tomopeas ravus; Tomopeas ravus; Tomopeas ravus; Tomopeas ravus; Tomopeas ravus; Tomopeas ravus; ravus; Murin-molosse; Stumpfohrfledermaus; Tomopeo de Perl; Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat; Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat; Blunt-eared Bat; Blunt-eared Free-tailed Bat; Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat; Blunt-eared Bat; Blunt-eared Bat; T. ravum