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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1624	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera discifera		[MSW2] See Wilson (1978, Mammalian Species, 104).; [MSW3] See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).; [HMW] Hynonycteris discifera Lichtenstein & Peters, 1855 , “Puerto Cabello (America Centralis).” Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo , Venezuela . Thyroptera discifera is most closely related to T. tricolor . Previously recognized Central American subspecies abdita is not considered valid here. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).; [batnames2023] See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).; [batnames2025_1.7] See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).						abdittt, major.	abdita, discifera	discifera, abdita	major			abdita, discifera 	major	discifera, major		abdita, discifera 	discifera - major 	discifera, major	discifera, major, abdita	abdita, discifera 	discifera - major	discifera (H. Lichtenstein & W. C. H. Peters, 1854)|major G. S. Miller, 1931|abdita D. E. Wilson, 1976		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Honduran disk-winged bat	Nicaragua – E Peru, French Guiana	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Thyroptera discifera	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello.	Lichtenstein and Peters	1855	Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 335.	Distribution: Known only from eastern Nicaragua and from northern South America south to central Brazil, but west of the Andes not south of Colombia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Peters' disc-winged bat (Honduran disc-winged Guianas, Brazil (Honduran disc-winged bat)	Nicaragua – Bolivia, Guianas, Brazil	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Lichtenstein and Peters	1855	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1855:335.	See Wilson (1978, Mammalian Species, 104).	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello.		LICHTENSTEIN & PETERS	1855	Underparts brown. Calcar with a single cartilaginous projection extending into the uropatagium. Size relatively small (forearm length, 31 -36 mm).	Distribution: Known only from eastern Nicaragua and from northern South America south to central Brazil, but west of the Andes not south of Colombia.	Two subspecies:	T. d. abdita (eastern Nicaragua), T. d. discifera (South American range).	96	species	T. discifera	LICHTENSTEIN & PETERS	1855	Thyroptera	genus	Thyroptera discifera				Underparts brown. Calcar with a single cartilaginous projection extending into the uropatagium. Size relatively small (forearm length, 31 -36 mm).	Two subspecies:		1. T. discifera (LICHTENSTEIN & PETERS 1855).	1	_T. d. abdita_ Wilson, 1976; _T. d. discifera_ (Lichtenstein & Peters, 1854)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Thyropteridae			Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera		discifera	Lichtenstein and Peters	y	1855		Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1855		335		Peters's Disk-winged Bat	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello.	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	major Miller, 1931; abdita Wilson, 1976.	See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).	67120269A438E04EFA41F289FB19F7DF	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Thyropteridae_418.pdf.imf	hash://md5/9b2b7a11a43ae04dffe6ffc7ff89ffd6	422	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/67/12/02/67120269A438E04FFA42F8D0F90BF32B.xml	Thyroptera discifera	Thyropteridae	Thyroptera	discifera		1854	Thyroptére de Peters @fr | Peters-Haftscheibenfledermaus @de | Tiroptero de Peters @es	Hynonycteris discifera Lichtenstein & Peters, 1855 , “Puerto Cabello (America Centralis).” Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo , Venezuela . Thyroptera discifera is most closely related to T. tricolor . Previously recognized Central American subspecies abdita is not considered valid here. Monotypic.	Scattered localities in Central America, including S Nicaragua , NE & SE Costa Rica , and C Panama , and South America from Colombia E & S to N & WC Brazil , E Peru , and N Bolivia .	Head—body c.41-47 mm, tail 27-35 mm, ear 13-5-14 mm, hindfoot 5-5-7 mm, forearm 32-2-34-2 mm. Greatest length ofskull 13-5-15-5 mm, condylo-incisive length 13-1-13-7 mm, rostral length 5-4-5-9 mm, zygomatic breadth 6-8-7-4 mm, and maxillary tooth rowlength 5-5-5-8 mm. Peters’s Disk-winged Bat is the smallest species of Thyroptera . Dorsal furis long, light brown, and not woolly; ventral furis unicolored brown to yellowish. There are wartlike structures on wing membranes. Forearm length is less than 38 mm . Thumbdisk is nearly round. Peters’s Disk-winged Bat does not have fossa-like concavity on I*. Calcar has only one lappet. Mesopterygoid fossa is U-shaped. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 38.	Evergreen forest and banana plantations. In Bolivia , Peters’s Disk-winged Bats werefound in mixed thermophileforests where one-quarterofthetrees were deciduous.	Peters’s Disk-winged Batis insectivorous.	No information.	Peters’s Disk-winged Bats roost in groups with young and adults of both sexes. In Bolivia day roosts are inside or under dead banana leaves. Thesesites are dark and open downward.	Sex ratio in one Bolivian location was 4:10 (males/females).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Red Book of Ecuadorlists Peters’s Disk-winged Bat as data deficient.	Bezerra et al. (2005) | Gregorin et al. (2006) | Tirira (2017) | Torres et al. (1988) | Velazco et al. (2014) | Wilson (1976, 1978)	https://zenodo.org/record/6616946/files/figure.png	2 . Peters’s Disk-winged Bat Thyroptera discifera French: Thyroptére de Peters / German: Peters-Haftscheibenfledermaus / Spanish: Tiroptero de Peters Taxonomy. Hynonycteris discifera Lichtenstein & Peters, 1855 , “Puerto Cabello (America Centralis).” Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo , Venezuela . Thyroptera discifera is most closely related to T. tricolor . Previously recognized Central American subspecies abdita is not considered valid here. Monotypic. Distribution. Scattered localities in Central America, including S Nicaragua , NE & SE Costa Rica , and C Panama , and South America from Colombia E & S to N & WC Brazil , E Peru , and N Bolivia . Descriptive notes. Head—body c.41-47 mm, tail 27-35 mm, ear 13-5-14 mm, hindfoot 5-5-7 mm, forearm 32-2-34-2 mm. Greatest length ofskull 13-5-15-5 mm, condylo-incisive length 13-1-13-7 mm, rostral length 5-4-5-9 mm, zygomatic breadth 6-8-7-4 mm, and maxillary tooth rowlength 5-5-5-8 mm. Peters’s Disk-winged Bat is the smallest species of Thyroptera . Dorsal furis long, light brown, and not woolly; ventral furis unicolored brown to yellowish. There are wartlike structures on wing membranes. Forearm length is less than 38 mm . Thumbdisk is nearly round. Peters’s Disk-winged Bat does not have fossa-like concavity on I*. Calcar has only one lappet. Mesopterygoid fossa is U-shaped. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 38. Habitat. Evergreen forest and banana plantations. In Bolivia , Peters’s Disk-winged Bats werefound in mixed thermophileforests where one-quarterofthetrees were deciduous. Food and Feeding. Peters’s Disk-winged Batis insectivorous. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Peters’s Disk-winged Bats roost in groups with young and adults of both sexes. In Bolivia day roosts are inside or under dead banana leaves. Thesesites are dark and open downward. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Sex ratio in one Bolivian location was 4:10 (males/females). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Red Book of Ecuadorlists Peters’s Disk-winged Bat as data deficient. Bibliography. Bezerra et al. (2005), Gregorin et al. (2006), Tirira (2017), Torres et al. (1988), Velazco et al. (2014), Wilson (1976, 1978).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Thyropteridae	Thyroptera discifera	Thyroptera		discifera	Lichtenstein and Peters	1854	1	Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1859:36:00	Peters's Disk-winged Bat	 major  Miller, 1931; <b> abdita </b> Wilson, 1976	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, C Brazil, E Brazil (Atlantic forest - see Gregorin et al. 2006), Peru, and Bolivia	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Thyroptera discifera	23	Peters's Disk-winged Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	THYROPTERIDAE	NA	NA	Thyroptera	NA	discifera	H. Lichtenstein & W. Peters	1855	1	Hyonycteris_discifera	Lichtenstein, H. & Peters, W. (1855). 55a. Ãœber Hyonycteris, eine neue Gattung von Flederthieren aus Puerto Cabello. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1854, 335.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/343/mode/1up	ZMB 59067 [lectotype]		"Puerto Cabello (America Centralis)." Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.			discifera (H. Lichtenstein & W. Peters, 1854)|major G. S. Miller, 1931	NA	NA	Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Thyroptera_discifera	0	sciname match	Thyroptera_discifera	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21877	Thyroptera discifera	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	THYROPTERIDAE	Thyroptera	discifera	(Lichtenstein &; Peters, 1855)		20000000	Thyroptera discifera	Least Concern		2018	2018-03-03 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, and although naturally rare throughout its range it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category. Depends on areas with sources of water and is thus a sensitive species.	The ecology and natural history of this bat is poorly known. It is found in evergreen forest and banana plantations. In Venezuela, two groups of 7 and 10 individuals were caught by hand from under dead banana leaves. This species apparently roosts attached to the underside of leaves, in contrast to T. tricolor , which mainly roosts inside of fresh, rolled (unfurling) leaves of Heliconia spp. (Wilson 2008). It is seldom caught in mist nets (See Tschapka et al . 2000). It feeds on insects (Reid 2009, Wilson 1978).	No major threats for this species.	The species is rare but widespread (Emmons and Feer 1997, Reid 2009), mostly known from single records at specific localities.	Unknown	This species occurs in Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru, an apparently isolated population occurs in eastern Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Simmons 2005, Wilson 2008). New records extended its distribution to the Atlantic Forest (Gregorin et al . 2006) and a gallery forest in the Cerrado (Bezerra et al . 2005). Recognition of a new species, T. devivoi by Gregorin et al . (2006), suggests that no verified records exist for Guyana.		Terrestrial	Because of its wide distribution in tropical and subtropical forests, the species is found in several protected areas through its geographic range.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Thyropteridae	Thyroptera		discifera	Lichtenstein and Peters	1854	1	Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1859:36:00	Peters's Disk-winged Bat	 major  Miller, 1931; <b> abdita </b> Wilson, 1976	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, C Brazil, E Brazil (Atlantic forest - see Gregorin et al. 2006), Peru, and Bolivia	Not listed.	Least Concern	See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).	Thyroptera discifera	1005095	23	Peters's Disk-winged Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Thyropteridae	NA	NA	Thyroptera	NA	discifera	H. Lichtenstein & W. Peters	1855	1	Hyonycteris_discifera	Lichtenstein, H. & Peters, W. (1855). 55a. Ãœber Hyonycteris, eine neue Gattung von Flederthieren aus Puerto Cabello. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1854, 335.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41573#page/343/mode/1up	ZMB 59067 [lectotype]		"Puerto Cabello (America Centralis)." Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.			discifera (H. Lichtenstein & W. Peters, 1854)|major G. S. Miller, 1931	NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Thyroptera_discifera	0	sciname match	Thyroptera_discifera	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Thyroptera_discifera	1005095	23	Peters's Disk-winged Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Thyropteridae	NA	NA	Thyroptera	NA	discifera	H. Lichtenstein & W. C. H. Peters	1	Hyonycteris discifera	Lichtenstein, H. and Peters, W.C.H. 1854. Ãœber _Hyonycteris_, eine neue Gattung von Flederthieren aus Puerto Cabello. Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1854:335-336.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11068236	ZMB 59067	lectotype		"Puerto Cabello (America Centralis)." Corrected by D. E. Wilson in 1976 to Puerto Cabello, Carabobo, Venezuela.			NA	NA				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Thyroptera_discifera	0	sciname match	Thyroptera_discifera	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Thyropteridae	Thyroptera		discifera	Lichtenstein & Peters	1854	1	Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1859:36:00	Peters's Disk-winged Bat	major  Miller, 1931; abdita Wilson, 1976	Venezuela, Carabobo, Puerto Cabello	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, C Brazil, E Brazil (Atlantic forest - see Gregorin et al. 2006), Peru, and Bolivia	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21877/21985811/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Thyroptera discifera; Thyroptera discifera; Thyroptera discifera; Thyroptera discifera; Thyroptera discifera; Thyroptera discifera; discifera; abdita; major; abdita; major; discifera; major; Thyroptére de Peters; Peters-Haftscheibenfledermaus; Tiroptero de Peters; Peters's Disk-winged Bat; Peters's Disk-winged Bat; Peters's Disk-winged Bat; T. discifera