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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1620	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Arielulus torquatus	Thainycleris torquatus	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris torquatus	Arielulus torquatus	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris torquata		[HMW] Arelulus torquatus Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999 , Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m , 24°24'N , 121°18’E , Taichung County, Taiwan . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Originally described as a species of Arielulus , but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).; [MDD2022] moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris; [IUCN] The higher taxonomic status of the species needs to be revised as suggested by Csorba and Lee (1999).; [batnames2023] Originally described as a species of Arielulus , but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).; [MDD2023] moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris; [batnames2025_1.7] Originally described as a species of Arielulus, but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris														torquatus	The higher taxonomic status of the species needs to be revised as suggested by Csorba and Lee (1999).			torquatus	torquata			torquata (Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999)						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Eptesicini	Arielulus torquatus	Arielulus		torquatus	Csorba and Lee		1999		J. Zool., Lond.	248		364-366		Necklace Sprite	Taiwan, Taichung County, Wu-ling Farm; 1,800 m; 24°24'N, 121°18'E.	Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Data Deficient.			4C3D87E8FFBF6A00FF529B4F1698B13A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	826	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFBF6A01FA569C0B1D3FBF02.xml	Thainycleris torquatus	Vespertilionidae	Thainycleris	torquatus	Csorba & Lee Lingling	1999	Farfadet de Taiwan @fr | Halsband-Elfenfledermaus @de | Tainicteriode Taiwan @es | Formosan Yellow-throated Bat @en | Necklace Pipistrelle @en | Yellow-necked Sprite @en	Arelulus torquatus Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999 , Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m , 24°24'N , 121°18’E , Taichung County, Taiwan . This species is monotypic.	Taiwan I.	Head-body 48-65 mm, tail 35-48 mm, forearm 41-50 mm; weight 12.5-19-5 g. The Necklace Sprite is very similar to the Collared Sprite ( 7: aureocollaris ), but somewhat smaller. It is blackish above, tipped with bronze; underparts are dark, tipped with silvery gray; a well-defined ocherous collar runs from base of ears across throat, paralleled with a narrow grayish-white band spreading between shoulders. Ears are broadly triangular, blackish without any white or yellowish edge; tragus is short, curved, with anterior border concave and posterior border strongly convex. Muzzle is short, broad, and sparsely haired. Flight membranes are uniformly black and naked except furred proximal one-half of dorsal surface of uropatagium; plagiopatagium inserts at base offifth toe; calcar extends along more than one-half of uropatagial margin; last caudal vertebra is free from uropatagium. Skull is massive, with strong supraorbital and lacrimal processes; rostrum is broad; and braincase is inflated. Dentition, shape, and proportions of skull are generally the same as in the Collared Sprite, but differs in being smaller in all measurements (except palatal bridge length); narial margination is V-shaped; lacrimal width exceeds supraorbital width; palatal bridge is relatively longer. Condylo-canine lengths are 15-2-15-8 mm; maxillary tooth row lengths are 6:4—6-6 mm. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 50 and FN = 48.	Collected from forests in the highlands of Taiwan at ¢. 1800 m .	Diet includes small insects, such as Coleoptera , Lepidoptera , and Diptera .	No information.	Necklace Sprites are nocturnal. Echolocation studies suggest FM calls ending between 45 kHz and 40 kHz.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Arielulus torquatus ).	Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017) | Chou Chenghan & Cheng Hsichi (2012) | Csorba & Lee Lingling (1999) | Gorfol et al. (2019) | Guo Weijian et al. (2017) | Hassanin et al. (2018) | Lin Liangkong et al. (2002) | Simmons (2005) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Smith, Johnston &Csorba (2008)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398067/files/figure.png	140. Necklace Sprite Thainycleris torquatus French: Farfadet de Taiwan / German: Halsband-Elfenfledermaus / Spanish: Tainicterio de Taiwan Other common names: Formosan Yellow-throated Bat , Necklace Pipistrelle , Yellow-necked Sprite Taxonomy. Arelulus torquatus Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999 , Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m , 24°24'N , 121°18’E , Taichung County, Taiwan . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Taiwan I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 48-65 mm, tail 35-48 mm, forearm 41-50 mm; weight 12.5-19-5 g. The Necklace Sprite is very similar to the Collared Sprite ( 7: aureocollaris ), but somewhat smaller. It is blackish above, tipped with bronze; underparts are dark, tipped with silvery gray; a well-defined ocherous collar runs from base of ears across throat, paralleled with a narrow grayish-white band spreading between shoulders. Ears are broadly triangular, blackish without any white or yellowish edge; tragus is short, curved, with anterior border concave and posterior border strongly convex. Muzzle is short, broad, and sparsely haired. Flight membranes are uniformly black and naked except furred proximal one-half of dorsal surface of uropatagium; plagiopatagium inserts at base offifth toe; calcar extends along more than one-half of uropatagial margin; last caudal vertebra is free from uropatagium. Skull is massive, with strong supraorbital and lacrimal processes; rostrum is broad; and braincase is inflated. Dentition, shape, and proportions of skull are generally the same as in the Collared Sprite, but differs in being smaller in all measurements (except palatal bridge length); narial margination is V-shaped; lacrimal width exceeds supraorbital width; palatal bridge is relatively longer. Condylo-canine lengths are 15-2-15-8 mm; maxillary tooth row lengths are 6:4—6-6 mm. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 50 and FN = 48. Habitat. Collected from forests in the highlands of Taiwan at ¢. 1800 m . Food and Feeding. Diet includes small insects, such as Coleoptera , Lepidoptera , and Diptera . Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Necklace Sprites are nocturnal. Echolocation studies suggest FM calls ending between 45 kHz and 40 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Arielulus torquatus ). Bibliography. Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017), Chou Chenghan & Cheng Hsichi (2012), Csorba & Lee Lingling (1999), Gorfol et al. (2019), Guo Weijian et al. (2017), Hassanin et al. (2018), Lin Liangkong et al. (2002), Simmons (2005), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Smith, Johnston &Csorba (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Thainycteris torquata	Thainycteris		torquata	Csorba & Lee	1999	1	J. Zool., Lond.	248: 364-366	Necklace Sprite	None.	Taiwan, Taichung County, Wu-ling Farm; 1,800 m; 24°24'N, 121°18'E	Taiwan	Not listed.	Least Concern as Arielulus torquatus 	Originally described as a species of Arielulus , but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Thainycteris torquatus	23	Necklace Sprite	Formosan Yellow-throated Bat|Necklace Pipistrelle|Yellow-necked Sprite	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	EPTESICINI	Thainycteris	NA	torquatus	Csorba & Lee Lingling	1999	1	Arielulus_torquatus	Csorba, G. & Lee, L. (1999). A new species of Vespertilionid bat from Taiwan and a revision of the taxonomic status of Arielulus and Thainycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology, 248, 364.	https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01035.x?casa_token=TPBQ0dF_kUsAAAAA:mIUdCZVv5wDlf2v69-Cf4m8_EuSwPbhQNMSYo5r1MTalwNQBi-NGJZoGj7CD3TK-_d3Vjg5sK63U3Q	NTU FB 019		Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m, 24°24'N, 121°18'E, Taichung County, Taiwan.	24.4	121.3	torquatus (Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999)	moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris	Francis, C. M., Borisenko, A. V., Ivanova, N. V., Eger, J. L., Lim, B. K., Guillén-Servent, A., ... & Hebert, P. D. (2010). The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one, 5(9), e12575.|Guo, W., Yu, W., Wang, X., Csorba, G., Li, F., Li, Y., & Wu, Y. (2017). First record of the collared sprite, Thainycteris aureocollaris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from China. Mammal study, 42(2), 97-103.	Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Thainycteris_torquatus	0	sciname match	Arielulus_torquatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	40032	Arielulus torquatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Arielulus	torquatus	Csorba &; Lee, 1999	The higher taxonomic status of the species needs to be revised as suggested by Csorba and Lee (1999).	20000000	Arielulus torquatus	Least Concern		2019	2018-09-01 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern, because it is most likely occurs across much of Taiwan, hence its extent of occurrence is most likely greater than 20,000 km². However, there are insufficient data on the current population status and distribution range. Its population in the low elevation area is suspiciously declining due to the continuous deconstruction of its habitat in the last two decades.	Not much known about the ecology and natural history of the species. The species is recorded in forests near streams and small artificial pools in mountane areas from low to mid elevations. It has been observed foraging near water surface over a small artificial pool connected to a small stream near forest edge (Joe Chun-Chia Huang, pers. obs.). The diets include adult Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Neuroptera (Lu 2013).	Despite its potential relatively large geographic extent, this insular species seems to be limited more to montane forested habitats near stream and water, which has been continuously destroyed by mudflow due to typhoons and modified by construction of stream bank in the last two decades. Deforestation as a result of expanding infrastructure development for housing, industry, roads, etc. as well as large scale agriculture is a threat to its habitats at lower elevation of Taiwan, but its habitat at higher elevations is more likely secure. For example, a well-known location with the highest recorded individual number in Yunlin county has been destroyed due to the construction and use of the Hushan Dam since 2016.	There is no data regarding the current population status of this species. It is suspected to be declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation.	Stable	This species is endemic to Taiwan Island. It is found in mountain area with elevations up to 1,840 m asl (Csorba and Lee 1999).		Terrestrial	The species is not protected in Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017). It has been found in several protected areas from low to mid elevations. Research is required in the areas of population status, habitat use, distribution, biology and ecology. Understanding the influences of habitat loss is needed and protection of key habitats shall be important.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Thainycteris		torquata	Csorba & Lee	1999	1	J. Zool., Lond.	248: 364-366	Necklace Sprite	None.	Taiwan, Taichung County, Wu-ling Farm; 1,800 m; 24°24'N, 121°18'E	Taiwan	Not listed.	Least Concern as Arielulus torquatus 	Originally described as a species of Arielulus , but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).	Thainycteris torquata	1005570	23	Necklace Sprite	Formosan Yellow-throated Bat|Necklace Pipistrelle|Yellow-necked Sprite	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	EPTESICINI	Thainycteris	NA	torquata	Csorba & Lee Lingling	1999	1	Arielulus_torquatus	Csorba, G. & Lee, L. (1999). A new species of Vespertilionid bat from Taiwan and a revision of the taxonomic status of Arielulus and Thainycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology, 248, 364.	https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01035.x?casa_token=TPBQ0dF_kUsAAAAA:mIUdCZVv5wDlf2v69-Cf4m8_EuSwPbhQNMSYo5r1MTalwNQBi-NGJZoGj7CD3TK-_d3Vjg5sK63U3Q	NTU FB 019		Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m, 24°24'N, 121°18'E, Taichung County, Taiwan.	24.4	121.3	torquata (Csorba & Lee Lingling, 1999)	moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris	Francis, C. M., Borisenko, A. V., Ivanova, N. V., Eger, J. L., Lim, B. K., Guillén-Servent, A., ... & Hebert, P. D. (2010). The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one, 5(9), e12575.|Guo, W., Yu, W., Wang, X., Csorba, G., Li, F., Li, Y., & Wu, Y. (2017). First record of the collared sprite, Thainycteris aureocollaris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from China. Mammal study, 42(2), 97-103.|Görföl, T., Furey, N. M., Bates, P. J., & Csorba, G. (2018). The identity of'Falsistrellus' affinis from Myanmar and Cambodia and new records of Hypsugo dolichodon from these countries. Acta Chiropterologica, 20(2), 301-309.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Thainycteris_torquatus	0	sciname match	Arielulus_torquatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Thainycteris_torquata	1005570	23	Necklace Sprite	Formosan Yellow-throated Bat|Necklace Pipistrelle|Yellow-necked Sprite	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nycticeiini	Thainycteris	NA	torquata	Csorba & Lee Lingling	1	Arielulus torquatus	Csorba, G. and Lee, L.-L. 1999-07. A new species of vespertilionid bat from Taiwan and a revision of the taxonomic status of _Arielulus_ and _Thainycteris_ (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology, London 248(3):361-367.	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01035.x	NTU FB 019	holotype		Wu-ling Farm, 1,800 m, 24°24'N, 121°18'E, Taichung County, Taiwan.	24.4	121.3	moved from Arielulus to Thainycteris	Francis, C. M., Borisenko, A. V., Ivanova, N. V., Eger, J. L., Lim, B. K., Guillén-Servent, A., ... & Hebert, P. D. (2010). The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS one, 5(9), e12575.|Guo, W., Yu, W., Wang, X., Csorba, G., Li, F., Li, Y., & Wu, Y. (2017). First record of the collared sprite, Thainycteris aureocollaris (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from China. Mammal study, 42(2), 97-103.|Görföl, T., Furey, N. M., Bates, P. J., & Csorba, G. (2018). The identity of'Falsistrellus' affinis from Myanmar and Cambodia and new records of Hypsugo dolichodon from these countries. Acta Chiropterologica, 20(2), 301-309.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	LC (as Arielulus torquatus)	0	0	0	Thainycteris_torquatus	0	sciname match	Arielulus_torquatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Thainycteris		torquata	Csorba & Lee	1999	1	J. Zool., Lond.	248: 364-366	Necklace Sprite	None.	Taiwan, Taichung County, Wu-ling Farm; 1,800 m; 24°24'N, 121°18'E	Taiwan	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/40032/22063510/' target='_blank'>Least Concern as Arielulus torquatus</a>	Originally described as a species of Arielulus, but apparently closely related to aureocollaris and only distantly related to Arielulus s.s.; see Görföl et al. (2020). See also Haslauer (2019).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Arielulus torquatus; Thainycleris torquatus; Thainycteris torquata; Thainycteris torquatus; Arielulus torquatus; Thainycteris torquata; torquatus; Farfadet de Taiwan; Halsband-Elfenfledermaus; Tainicteriode Taiwan; Formosan Yellow-throated Bat; Necklace Pipistrelle; Yellow-necked Sprite; Necklace Sprite; Formosan Yellow-throated Bat; Necklace Pipistrelle; Yellow-necked Sprite; Necklace Sprite; Necklace Sprite; T. torquata