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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1617	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous theobaldi		[MSW2] Subgenus Taphozous.; [MSW3] Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [HMW] Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872 , Tenasserim , Burma . Taphozous theobaldi is in the subgenus Taphozous . Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [batnames2023] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).						secatus.	secatus, theobaldi	theobaldi, secatus		theobaldi, secatus		theobaldi, secatus		theobaldi, secatus		theobaldi, secatus		theobaldi, secatus	theobaldi, secatus	secatus, theobaldi 		theobaldi Dobson, 1872|secatus O. Thomas, 1915		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		India – Vietnam	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Taphozous theobaldi	Burma, Tenasserim.	Dobson	1872	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 152.	Distribution: Confined to India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and Java (a Malay record is evidently erroneous).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Theobald's tomb bat	India – Vietnam; Java	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Dobson	1872	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 152.	Subgenus Taphozous.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Maylaya appears to be in error; see Medway (1969:8).	Burma, Tenasserim.		DOBSON	1872	Gular sac absent. A blackish or reddish beard-like throat patch variably developed. Size relatively large (forearm length, 69-73 mm).	Distribution: Confined to India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and Java (a Malay record is evidently erroneous).	Two sub species are currently recognized:	T. t. secatus (central India), T. t. theobaldi (remainder of distribution).	42	species	T. theobaldi	DOBSON	1872	Taphozous	subgenus	Taphozous theobaldi				Gular sac absent. A blackish or reddish beard-like throat patch variably developed. Size relatively large (forearm length, 69-73 mm).	Two sub species are currently recognized:		3. T. theobaldi DOBSON 1872.	3	_T. t. secatus_ Thomas, 1915; _T. t. theobaldi_ Dobson, 1872			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae		Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous	Taphozous	theobaldi	Dobson		1872		Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal			152		Theobald's Tomb Bat	Burma, Tenasserim.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Malaysia appears to be in error; see Medway (1969).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	secatus Thomas, 1915.	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	03D587F2FFC94C03F8F13AECFBD8F765	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	353	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFCB4C01F8C13E42FE31FBDA.xml	Taphozous theobaldi	Emballonuridae	Taphozous	theobaldi	Dobson	1872	Taphien de Theobald @fr | Theobald-Grabffledermaus @de | Tafozo de Theobald @es | Theobald's Bat @en	Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872 , Tenasserim , Burma . Taphozous theobaldi is in the subgenus Taphozous . Two subspecies recognized.	. t. theobaldi Dobson, 1872 - Tenasserim, Myanmar. . t. secatus Thomas, 1915 - Madhya Pradesh, India. Boundaries and complete distribution for subspecies are unknown, but T theobaldi is patchily distributed from C & SW India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala), S China (Yunnan, imprecise locality and therefore not mapped), and SE Asia to Greater Sundas (Borneo, Java) and Sulawesi. Distribution is poorly known in India, and. theobaldi likely is more widespread than presently understood. It presumably will be found on other islands of the Indonesian Archipelago.	Head-body 88-95 mm, tail 25-30 mm, ear 22—28 mm, hindfoot 15-18 mm, forearm 70-76 mm; weight 40-50 g (estimated from forearm size). Dorsal fur of Theobald’s Tomb Bat is gray-brown to dark brown; bases of hairs are paler. Adult males have black beards. Well-developed, radio-metacarpal sacs are present in adult males. Legs, feet, and flight membranes are naked. Wing attaches above ankle to tibia.	Moist forests from sea level to elevations of c.1200 m. Theobald’s Tomb Bats roost in large limestone caves with deep crevices.	Theobald’s Tomb Bat feeds on aerial insects while flying high above forest canopies.	No information.	No information.	Roost colonies of Theobald’s Tomb Bats vary from ten individuals to several thousands.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Theobald’s Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large overall population, and it is not believed to be in serious population decline. It is threatened by disturbance and destruction of roosting sites and harvesting for bushmeat and medicinal purposes in parts of its distribution. Guano is mined from large roost colonies for use as fertilizer in South-east Asia. There are no direct conservation measures in place. Theobald’s Tomb Bat occurs in some protected areas in India including Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra. Important roosting sites throughout its distribution should be protected. Studies of distribution, abundance, breeding biology, general ecology, and population trends are needed.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates, Bumrungsri , Walston et al. (2008) | Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994b, 1994c) | Brasset (1963) | Francis (2008a) | Molur et al. (2002) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Wang Yingxiang (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747918/files/figure.png	8 . Theobald’s Tomb Bat Taphozous theobaldi French: Taphien de Theobald I German: Theobald-Grabffledermaus/ Spanish: Tafozo deTheobald Other common names: Theobald's Bat Taxonomy . Taphozous theobaldi Dobson, 1872 , Tenasserim , Burma . Taphozous theobaldi is in the subgenus Taphozous . Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. . t. theobaldi Dobson, 1872 - Tenasserim, Myanmar. . t. secatus Thomas, 1915 - Madhya Pradesh, India. Boundaries and complete distribution for subspecies are unknown, but T theobaldi is patchily distributed from C & SW India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala), S China (Yunnan, imprecise locality and therefore not mapped), and SE Asia to Greater Sundas (Borneo, Java) and Sulawesi. Distribution is poorly known in India, and. theobaldi likely is more widespread than presently understood. It presumably will be found on other islands of the Indonesian Archipelago. Descriptive notes. Head-body 88-95 mm, tail 25-30 mm, ear 22—28 mm, hindfoot 15-18 mm, forearm 70-76 mm; weight 40-50 g (estimated from forearm size). Dorsal fur of Theobald’s Tomb Bat is gray-brown to dark brown; bases of hairs are paler. Adult males have black beards. Well-developed, radio-metacarpal sacs are present in adult males. Legs, feet, and flight membranes are naked. Wing attaches above ankle to tibia. Habitat . Moist forests from sea level to elevations of c.1200 m. Theobald’s Tomb Bats roost in large limestone caves with deep crevices. Food and Feeding . Theobald’s Tomb Bat feeds on aerial insects while flying high above forest canopies. Breeding . No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roost colonies of Theobald’s Tomb Bats vary from ten individuals to several thousands. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Theobald’s Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large overall population, and it is not believed to be in serious population decline. It is threatened by disturbance and destruction of roosting sites and harvesting for bushmeat and medicinal purposes in parts of its distribution. Guano is mined from large roost colonies for use as fertilizer in South-east Asia. There are no direct conservation measures in place. Theobald’s Tomb Bat occurs in some protected areas in India including Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra. Important roosting sites throughout its distribution should be protected. Studies of distribution, abundance, breeding biology, general ecology, and population trends are needed. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Bumrungsri , Walston et al. (2008), Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994b, 1994c), Brasset (1963), Francis (2008a), Molur et al. (2002), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Wang Yingxiang (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Taphozous theobaldi	Taphozous		theobaldi	Dobson	1872	0	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	p. 152	Theobald's Tomb Bat	<b> secatus </b>Thomas, 1915.	Burma, Tenasserim.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Malaysia appears to be in error; see Medway (1969).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Taphozous theobaldi	23	Theobald's Tomb Bat	Theobald's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	theobaldi	Dobson	1872	0						Tenasserim, Burma.			theobaldi Dobson, 1872|secatus O. Thomas, 1915	NA	NA	India|China?|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	sciname match	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21465	Taphozous theobaldi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Taphozous	theobaldi	Dobson, 1872		20000000	Taphozous theobaldi	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	The species tends to be associated with forest habitats, with caves and deep crevices of large caves used as roosting sites (Bates and Harrison 1997, Smith and Xie 2008).). It has been collected from limestone caves in Myanmar (P. Bates pers. comm.).	This species is threatened by disturbance and destruction of roosting sites and persecution by local people. D.S. Joshi (pers. comm.) recounts 3,000 bats killed in six caves in Maharashtra, India, earlier this decade. Guano from this insectivorous species is mined and used as fertilizer in some areas (Smith and Xie 2008). It is used for subsistence food and medicinal purposes in parts of its range. A mine destroyed one of cave colony of this bat in Thailand, while 7 other reported caves did not have bats present, these caves are used for tourism and converted for religious purposes (S. Bumungsri, pers. obs.). Currently, one cave with a thousand bats that roosts with C. plicatus is used for guano mining. It is quite sustainable.	In Myanmar, there are some large colonies of up to several thousand bats (P. Bates pers. comm.). In India, the species is reportedly present as colonies of several hundred bats in a few caves (D.S. Joshi pers. comm.). In Thailand, a colony of ca. 5,000 bats share a cave with C. plicatus and Rousettus sp . (S. Bumrungsri pers. obs.). In northern Vietnam, it found in 3 sites, one of which have 100,000 individuals which share with C. plicatus . These sites are close to Hanoi (Thong, pers. com).	Unknown	This species is widely, but patchily, recorded in South Asia, mainland Southeast Asia and insular Southeast Asia with a single report from China. In South Asia, this species is presently known only from India (Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) in South Asia and has been recorded from sea level to 1,200 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). On the Southeast Asian mainland, this species occurs in southern Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, Cambodia and Lao PDR. Within insular Southeast Asia, it has been recorded from Indonesia (Java and Sulawesi) and the island of Borneo (Kalimantan [Indonesia]), but is presumably more widespread in this region. In China, it is reportedly present in Yunnan although this needs confirmation (Wang 2002, Smith and Xie 2008). A record from Malaysia appears to be in error (see Medway 1969).	It is used for subsistence food and medicinal purposes in parts of its range.	Terrestrial	Within South Asia, there are no direct conservation measures in place, however, the species has been recorded from a number of protected areas in India such as Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and Bhimashanker Wildlife Sanctuary in Maharashtra (Molur et al. 2002). There is a need to protect important roosting sites for this species throughout its range. Additional field surveys, studies into distribution, abundance, breeding biology, general ecology and population monitoring of this species are needed. It is declared as protected animals in Thailand.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		theobaldi	Dobson	1872	0	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	p. 152	Theobald's Tomb Bat	<b> secatus </b>Thomas, 1915.	Burma, Tenasserim.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Malaysia appears to be in error; see Medway (1969).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Taphozous theobaldi	1004829	23	Theobald's Tomb Bat	Theobald's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	theobaldi	Dobson	1872	0						Tenasserim, Burma.			theobaldi Dobson, 1872|secatus O. Thomas, 1915	NA	NA				India|China?|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	sciname match	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Taphozous_theobaldi	1004829	23	Theobald's Tomb Bat	Theobald's Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae	NA	Taphozous	NA	theobaldi	Dobson	0	Taphozous Theobaldi	Dobson, G.E. 1872. Notes on the Asiatic species of the genus _Taphozous_, Geoff. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 1872:151-154.	https://books.google.com/books?id=YH8bAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA152	BMNH:Mamm:1909.4.4.6, ZSI 15612 (= IMC 187b)	syntypes	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/0194cef9-2f13-4af2-8dd8-8a03482d974c	Tenasserim, Burma.			NA	NA				India|China?|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	sciname match	Taphozous_theobaldi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		theobaldi	Dobson	1872	0	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	p. 152	Theobald's Tomb Bat	secatus Thomas, 1915.	Burma, Tenasserim.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Malaysia appears to be in error; see Medway (1969).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21465/22109663/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Taphozous theobaldi; Taphozous theobaldi; Taphozous theobaldi; Taphozous theobaldi; Taphozous theobaldi; Taphozous theobaldi; theobaldi; secatus; theobaldi; secatus; secatus; theobaldi; secatus; Taphien de Theobald; Theobald-Grabffledermaus; Tafozo de Theobald; Theobald's Bat; Theobald's Tomb Bat; Theobald's Bat; Theobald's Tomb Bat; Theobald's Tomb Bat; T. theobaldi