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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1616	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous perforatus		[MSW2] Subgenus Taphozous. Includes senegalensis and Sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977:16).; [MSW3] Subgenus Taphozous. Includes senegalensis and sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000a). Subspecies are poorly defined.; [HMW] Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 , Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley , Egypt . Taphozous perforatus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Four subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Includes senegalensis and sudani ; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000 a ). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies ( perforatus ) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region.; [IUCN] Meester et al. (1986) recognised three subspecies, including the nominate subspecies (Taphozous perforatus perforatus ) from Egypt (where this species was initially described), T. p. sudani Thomas, 1915 from Sudan, and T. p. haedinus Thomas, 1915 from Kenya. However, it remains uncertain how the geographically isolated southern African population (named T. p. rhodesiae , and described from the Shashi-Limpopo confluence; Harrison 1964) is related to these subspecies (Monadjem et al. 2010). T. p. rhodesiae was originally recognised as a subspecies of T. sudani (T. sudani australis ), which was previously identified as a distinct species from T. perforatus (ACR 2015).; [batnames2023] Includes senegalensis and sudani ; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000 a ). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies ( perforatus ) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region. Fils et al. (2022) discuss the distribution of this species in Cameroon.; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes senegalensis and sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000a). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies (perforatus) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region. Fils et al. (2022) discuss the distribution of this species in Cameroon.				senegalensis, sudani		haedinus, maritimus, rhodesiae, senegalensis, Sudani, swirae.	senegalensis, swirae, sudani, rhodesiae, perforatus, haedinus	perforatus, haedinus, senegalensis, sudani	maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis, rhodesiae	perforatus, haedinus, senegalensis, sudani		perforatus, haedinus, senegalensis, sudani	perforatus - maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis, rhodesiae	perforatus, senegalensis, maritimus, haedinus, sudani, swirae, australis, rhodesiae	Meester et al. (1986) recognised three subspecies, including the nominate subspecies (Taphozous perforatus perforatus ) from Egypt (where this species was initially described), T. p. sudani Thomas, 1915 from Sudan, and T. p. haedinus Thomas, 1915 from Kenya. However, it remains uncertain how the geographically isolated southern African population (named T. p. rhodesiae , and described from the Shashi-Limpopo confluence; Harrison 1964) is related to these subspecies (Monadjem et al. 2010). T. p. rhodesiae was originally recognised as a subspecies of T. sudani (T. sudani australis ), which was previously identified as a distinct species from T. perforatus (ACR 2015).	perforatus, haedinus, senegalensis, sudani	perforatus - maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis, rhodesiae	perforatus, senegalensis, maritimus, haedinus, sudani, swirae, australis, rhodesiae	perforatus, perforatus, senegalensis, maritimus, haedinus, sudani, swirae, australis, rhodesiae	haedinus, perforatus, senegalensis, sudani	perforatus - maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis, rhodesiae	perforatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813|aegyptiacus (Oken, 1816) [placed on index]|senegalensis (Oken, 1816) [placed on index]|perforatus (G. Fischer, 1817) [nomen nudum]|myoxus (Muirhead, 1819)|senegalensis A. G. Desmarest, 1821|maritimus von Heuglin, 1877|haedinus O. Thomas, 1915|sudani O. Thomas, 1915|swirae D. L. Harrison, 1958|australis D. L. Harrison, 1962 [preoccupied]|rhodesiae D. L. Harrison, 1964 [nomen novum]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Egyptian tomb bat	Senegal – Somalia, Mozambique, Rhodesia – India	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Taphozous perforatus	Egypt, Kom Ombo.	E. Geoffroy	1818	Descrip, de L'Egypte, 2:126.	Distribu tion: Widely distributed in Africa from Mauretania and Egypt south to Zimbabwe, also southern Asia from southwestern Arabia to northwestern India.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Egyptian tomb bat	Senegal – Somalia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe – India	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	E. Geoffroy	1818	Descrip, de L'Egypte, 2:126.	Subgenus Taphozous. Includes senegalensis and Sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977:16).	Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia and Egypt; S Arabia; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	Egypt, Kom Ombo.		E. GEOFFROY	1818	Gular sac absent or poorly developed. No differentiated throat patch present. Ears relatively short. Size medium (forearm length, 57-67 mm).	Distribu tion: Widely distributed in Africa from Mauretania and Egypt south to Zimbabwe, also southern Asia from southwestern Arabia to northwestern India.	Six poorly defined sub species are here recognized:	T. p. senegalensis (Mauretania, Senegal), T. p. swirae (Mali and Ghana to Central African Republic), T. p. sudani (cen tral and southern Sudan, eastern Zaire), T. p. rhodesiae (Botswana and Zimbabwe), T. p. perforatus (Egypt and northern Sudan), T. p. haedinus (Tanzania north to Ethiopia and east across southern Asia to India).	42	species	T. perforatus	E. GEOFFROY	1818	Taphozous	subgenus	Taphozous perforatus				Gular sac absent or poorly developed. No differentiated throat patch present. Ears relatively short. Size medium (forearm length, 57-67 mm).	Six poorly defined sub species are here recognized:		4. T. perforatus E. GEOFFROY 1818.	4	_T. p. haedinus_ Thomas, 1915; _T. p. perforatus_ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813 (synonyms: _aegyptiacus_ Oken, 1816, _maritimus_ Heuglin, 1877, _perforatus_ (Fischer, 1817)); _T. p. senegalensis_ Desmarest, 1821 (synonyms: _myoxus_ (Muirhead, 1819), _swirae_ Harrison, 1958); _T. p. sudani_ Thomas, 1915 (synonyms: _australis_ Harrison, 1962, _rhodesiae_ Harrison, 1964)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae		Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	perforatus	E. Geoffroy		1818		Descrip. de L'Egypte	2		126		Egyptian Tomb Bat	Egypt, Kom Ombo.	Mauritania and Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia, Djibouti and Egypt; S Arabia; Jordan; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	maritimus Heuglin, 1877; haedinus Thomas, 1915; senegalensis Desmarest, 1820; swirae Harrison, 1958 sudani Thomas, 1915; australis Harrison, 1962 [not Gould, 1854]; rhodesiae Harrison, 1964 [replacement name for australis].	Subgenus Taphozous. Includes senegalensis and sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000a). Subspecies are poorly defined.	03D587F2FFCB4C01F8C13E42FE31FBDA	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	351	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFCD4C06FF0B3AFCF27EF58F.xml	Taphozous perforatus	Emballonuridae	Taphozous	perforatus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1813	Egyptian Tomb Bat @en | African Taphozous @en | Geoffrey's Tomb Bat @en | Lesser Tomb Bat @en | Perforated Taphozous Bat @en	Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 , Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley , Egypt . Taphozous perforatus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Four subspecies recognized.	. p. perforatus E . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — Nile Valley in Egypt and N Sudan. . p. haedinusThomas, 1915 - Middle East (Israel, Arabian Peninsula, and S Iran) E to India, and E Africa from Djibouti to Kenya (including Lamu I) and Tanzania; it may also occur in Eritrea. . p. senegalensis Desmarest, 1820 - scattered localities in W Africa, from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau E to NW Nigeria and W Cameroon; it may occur in Guinea and Ivory Coast. . p. sudani Thomas, 1915 — C & S Sudan , South Sudan, Uganda, and S through the Congo Basin to N & E Botswana, S Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa.	Head—body 71—85 mm, tail 22—30 mm, ear 15—20 mm, hindfoot 13—15 mm, forearm 54-67 mm; weight 23—33 mm. Dorsum of the Egyptian Tomb Bat is mousy gray, pale ash-brown (North Africa), or dark brown (Southern Africa). Throat and beard are buff, and gular pouch is present.	Primarily open woodland lowlands including Acacia ( Fabaceae ) and other types of thorn forest. The Egyptian Tomb Bat will forage in anthropomorphic settings including palm groves and gardens.	Fecal material from Egyptian Tomb Bats in Ethiopia contained Lepidoptera (56%), Isoptera (14%), Coleoptera (10%), Orthoptera (8%), Hemiptera (3%), Neuroptera (2%), Diptera (1%), Hymenoptera (1%), and unidentified insect parts (5%).	Egyptian Tomb Bats are polyestrous and capable of becoming pregnant twice a year. Females have been found simultaneously lactating and pregnant . Gravid females have been found in November in south-eastern Zimbabwe, each with a single fetus in the right uterine hom.	Egyptian Tomb Bats roost in rocky outcrops, stone buildings, wells, tunnels, and tombs.	In southern Africa, Egyptian Tomb Bats typically roost in tight clusters of 6-8 individuals deep in protected crevices of rocky outcrops, cracks or gaps in stone or concrete buildings, or deep cave recesses. In West Africa, colonies of hundreds of individuals form day roosts.	Classified as Least Concern on TheIUCNRed List. The Egyptian Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. It is present in many protected areas including Mapungubwe National Park in South Africa. No direct conservation measures are currently needed; however, it has not been recorded in protected areas in Pakistan or India. Being little studied, research on its distribution, abundance, reproduction, and ecology is needed.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994 b , 1994c) | Bhat & Sreenivasan (1990) | Brosset (1963) | Harrison (1962) | Harrison & Bates (1991) | Hayman & Hill (1971) | Koopman (1993) | Meester et al. (1986) | Molur et al. (2002) | Rosevear (1965) | Rydell & Yalden (1997) | Skinner & Chimimba (2005) | Smithers &Wilson (1979)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747906/files/figure.png	2 . Egyptian Tomb Bat Taphozous perforatus French: Taphien perforé I German : Ägyptische Grabfledermaus / Spanish: Tafozo egipcio Other common names: African Taphozous, Geoffrey'sTomb Bat, LesserTomb Bat, PerforatedTaphozous Bat Taxonomy . Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 , Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley , Egypt . Taphozous perforatus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Four subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. . p. perforatus E . Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — Nile Valley in Egypt and N Sudan. . p. haedinusThomas, 1915 - Middle East (Israel, Arabian Peninsula, and S Iran) E to India, and E Africa from Djibouti to Kenya (including Lamu I) and Tanzania; it may also occur in Eritrea. . p. senegalensis Desmarest, 1820 - scattered localities in W Africa, from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau E to NW Nigeria and W Cameroon; it may occur in Guinea and Ivory Coast. . p. sudani Thomas, 1915 — C & S Sudan , South Sudan, Uganda, and S through the Congo Basin to N & E Botswana, S Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa. Descriptive notes. Head—body 71—85 mm, tail 22—30 mm, ear 15—20 mm, hindfoot 13—15 mm, forearm 54-67 mm; weight 23—33 mm. Dorsum of the Egyptian Tomb Bat is mousy gray, pale ash-brown (North Africa), or dark brown (Southern Africa). Throat and beard are buff, and gular pouch is present. Habitat . Primarily open woodland lowlands including Acacia ( Fabaceae ) and other types of thorn forest. The Egyptian Tomb Bat will forage in anthropomorphic settings including palm groves and gardens. Food and Feeding . Fecal material from Egyptian Tomb Bats in Ethiopia contained Lepidoptera (56%), Isoptera (14%), Coleoptera (10%), Orthoptera (8%), Hemiptera (3%), Neuroptera (2%), Diptera (1%), Hymenoptera (1%), and unidentified insect parts (5%). Breeding . Egyptian Tomb Bats are polyestrous and capable of becoming pregnant twice a year. Females have been found simultaneously lactating and pregnant . Gravid females have been found in November in south-eastern Zimbabwe, each with a single fetus in the right uterine hom. Activity patterns. Egyptian Tomb Bats roost in rocky outcrops, stone buildings, wells, tunnels, and tombs. Movements, Home range and Social organization. In southern Africa, Egyptian Tomb Bats typically roost in tight clusters of 6-8 individuals deep in protected crevices of rocky outcrops, cracks or gaps in stone or concrete buildings, or deep cave recesses. In West Africa, colonies of hundreds of individuals form day roosts. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on TheIUCNRed List. The Egyptian Tomb Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. It is present in many protected areas including Mapungubwe National Park in South Africa. No direct conservation measures are currently needed; however, it has not been recorded in protected areas in Pakistan or India. Being little studied, research on its distribution, abundance, reproduction, and ecology is needed. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Harrison & Muni (1994a, 1994 b , 1994c), Bhat & Sreenivasan (1990), Brosset (1963), Harrison (1962), Harrison & Bates (1991), Hayman & Hill (1971), Koopman (1993), Meester eta/. (1986), Molur eta/. (2002), Rosevear (1965), Rydell & Yalden (1997), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Smithers &Wilson (1979).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Taphozous perforatus	Taphozous		perforatus	E. Geoffroy	1818	0	Descrip. de L'Egypte	0.1708	Egyptian Tomb Bat	 maritimus Heuglin, 1877; <b> haedinus </b> Thomas, 1915; <b> senegalensis </b> Desmarest, 1820; swirae Harrison, 1958; <b> sudani </b> Thomas, 1915; australis Harrison, 1962 [not Gould, 1854]; rhodesiae Harrison, 1964 [replacement name for australis ].	Egypt, Kom Ombo.	Mauritania and Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia, Djibouti and Egypt; S Arabia; Jordan; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes senegalensis and sudani ; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000 a ). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies ( perforatus ) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Taphozous perforatus	23	Egyptian Tomb Bat	African Taphozous|Geoffroy's Tomb Bat|Lesser Tomb Bat|Perforated Taphozous Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	perforatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1818	0	Taphozous_perforatus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1818). Description des mammiferes qui se trouvent en Égypte. In E. F. Jomard (ed.). Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Imprimerie impériale, Paris, 2, 126.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54149#page/129/mode/1up	MNHN 1986-1100		Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley, Egypt.			perforatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818|senegalensis Desmarest, 1820|maritimus Heuglin, 1877|haedinus O. Thomas, 1915|sudani O. Thomas, 1915|swirae D. L. Harrison, 1958|australis D. L. Harrison, 1962 [preoccupied]|rhodesiae D. L. Harrison, 1964	NA	NA	Mauritania|Senegal|Guinea?|Côte d'Ivoire?|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Mali|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Burkina Faso|Niger|Nigeria|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Zambia?|Namibia?|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tanzania|Kenya|Uganda|Ethiopia|Somalia|Djibouti|Eritrea?|South Sudan|Sudan|Egypt|Israel|Palestine?|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates?|Iran|Pakistan|India	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_perforatus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_perforatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21463	Taphozous perforatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Taphozous	perforatus	É. Geoffroy, 1818	Meester et al. (1986) recognised three subspecies, including the nominate subspecies (Taphozous perforatus perforatus ) from Egypt (where this species was initially described), T. p. sudani Thomas, 1915 from Sudan, and T. p. haedinus Thomas, 1915 from Kenya. However, it remains uncertain how the geographically isolated southern African population (named T. p. rhodesiae , and described from the Shashi-Limpopo confluence; Harrison 1964) is related to these subspecies (Monadjem et al. 2010). T. p. rhodesiae was originally recognised as a subspecies of T. sudani (T. sudani australis ), which was previously identified as a distinct species from T. perforatus (ACR 2015).	200000000	Taphozous perforatus	Least Concern		2020	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	It is associated throughout its range with open woodland, avoiding forest, semi-desert and desert areas. It tends to be found along rivers in wooded savanna. It requires the shelter of rocks or stone buildings in which to roost during the day (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). In the Arabian Peninsula animals have been recorded roosting in castles, forts, deep caverns and sea caves, with animals foraging among palm groves and gardens (Harrison and Bates 1991). In South Asia this species is found in arid climes and prefers tropical thorn forests. It roosts in small to large colonies ranging from a few individuals to thousands of individuals in caves, darker areas of old forts, mosques, large old wells, artificial tunnels, old disused buildings, and shares its roost with Rhinopoma spp. It feeds on moths and beetles (Bates and Harrison 1997).	Human disturbance has been highlighted as a threat to the Egyptian tomb bat, but overall it is unlikely that this species is significantly threatened across its very wide range. In South Asia it is threatened by clearing of thorn forests for agricultural purposes, from mining and stone quarrying. Roost disturbance due to human interference and development of old buildings for tourism purposes is also considered a serious threat (C. Srinivasulu pers. comm., Molur et al. 2002).	It is common in parts of its African range, but is less common elsewhere. It is found in small colonies (between six to eight individuals) in the southern African subregion (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). In South Asia the abundance, population size and trends for this species are not known, and the species has only been recorded from a few localities (Bates and Harrison 1997).	Stable	The Egyptian tomb bat occurs widely throughout northern and sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia, east to the Indian Subcontinent. In sub-Saharan Africa, records extend along the Nile and east to Ethiopia and northern Somalia, and west to Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, and northern Nigeria, and south to Kenya (including Lamu island), Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. In southwest Asia, it has been recorded from Israel, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Oman. In South Asia, this species is presently known to be widely distributed from southern Pakistan (Roberts 1997) and western India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan) (Bates and Harrison 1997, Molur et al . 2002) and recently reported from central Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh (Chakraborty et al. 2004). It has been recorded up to 200 m Asl.		Terrestrial	This species is present in many protected areas, and no direct conservation measures are currently needed for the species as a whole. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas in Pakistan or India. Being a poorly understood species in the region, more studies on distribution, abundance, reproduction and ecology are recommended (Molur et al. 2002).	Afrotropical|Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		perforatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1818	0	Descrip. de L'Egypte	0.170833	Egyptian Tomb Bat	 maritimus Heuglin, 1877; <b> haedinus </b> Thomas, 1915; <b> senegalensis </b> Desmarest, 1820; swirae Harrison, 1958; <b> sudani </b> Thomas, 1915; australis Harrison, 1962 [not Gould, 1854]; rhodesiae Harrison, 1964 [replacement name for australis ].	Egypt, Kom Ombo.	Mauritania and Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia, Djibouti and Egypt; S Arabia; Jordan; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes senegalensis and sudani ; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000 a ). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies ( perforatus ) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region. Fils et al. (2022) discuss the distribution of this species in Cameroon.	Taphozous perforatus	1004828	23	Egyptian Tomb Bat	African Taphozous|Geoffroy's Tomb Bat|Lesser Tomb Bat|Perforated Taphozous Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	perforatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1818	0	Taphozous_perforatus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. (1818). Description des mammiferes qui se trouvent en Égypte. In E. F. Jomard (ed.). Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française. Imprimerie impériale, Paris, 2, 126.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54149#page/129/mode/1up	MNHN 1986-1100		Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley, Egypt.			perforatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818|senegalensis Desmarest, 1820|maritimus Heuglin, 1877|haedinus O. Thomas, 1915|sudani O. Thomas, 1915|swirae D. L. Harrison, 1958|australis D. L. Harrison, 1962 [preoccupied]|rhodesiae D. L. Harrison, 1964	NA	NA				Mauritania|Senegal|Guinea?|Côte d'Ivoire?|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Mali|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Burkina Faso|Niger|Nigeria|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Zambia?|Namibia?|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tanzania|Kenya|Uganda|Ethiopia|Somalia|Djibouti|Eritrea?|South Sudan|Sudan|Egypt|Israel|Palestine?|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates?|Iran|Pakistan|India	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_perforatus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_perforatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Taphozous_perforatus	1004828	23	Egyptian Tomb Bat	African Taphozous|Geoffroy's Tomb Bat|Lesser Tomb Bat|Perforated Taphozous Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae	NA	Taphozous	NA	perforatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	0	Taphozous perforatus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1813-03. Description des mammifères qui se trouvent en Égypte. Pp. 99–144 in Anonymous. 1818. Description de l'Égypte, ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'Armée française, publié par les ordres de sa Majesté l'Empéreur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire naturelle. Tome second. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 752 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15953715	MNHN-ZM-MO-1986-1100 (= MNHN A 372)	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1986-1100	Royal Tomb, Kom Ombo, Nile Valley, Egypt.	24.45222	32.92833	NA	NA				Mauritania|Senegal|Guinea?|Cote d'Ivoire?|Gambia|Guinea-Bissau|Mali|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Burkina Faso|Niger|Nigeria|Botswana|Zimbabwe|Zambia?|Namibia?|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Tanzania|Kenya|Uganda|Ethiopia|Somalia|Djibouti|Eritrea?|South Sudan|Sudan|Egypt|Israel|Palestine?|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Yemen|Oman|United Arab Emirates?|Iran|Pakistan|India	Africa|Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_perforatus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_perforatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		perforatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1818	0	Descrip. de L'Egypte	0.170833	Egyptian Tomb Bat	maritimus Heuglin, 1877; haedinus Thomas, 1915; senegalensis Desmarest, 1820; swirae Harrison, 1958; sudani Thomas, 1915; australis Harrison, 1962 [not Gould, 1854]; rhodesiae Harrison, 1964 [replacement name for australis].	Egypt, Kom Ombo.	Mauritania and Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia, Djibouti and Egypt; S Arabia; Jordan; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21463/166505490/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes senegalensis and sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000a). Subspecies are poorly defined. Uvizl et al. (2019) concluded that a single subspecies (perforatus) occurs in the Middle East and N Africa, restricting haedinus to localities outside that region. Fils et al. (2022) discuss the distribution of this species in Cameroon.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Taphozous perforatus; Taphozous perforatus; Taphozous perforatus; Taphozous perforatus; Taphozous perforatus; Taphozous perforatus; perforatus; haedinus; senegalensis; sudani; maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis; rhodesiae; perforatus; haedinus; senegalensis; sudani; haedinus; senegalensis; sudani; maritimus; senegalensis - swirae; sudani - australis; rhodesiae; perforatus; senegalensis; maritimus; haedinus; sudani; swirae; australis; rhodesiae; Egyptian Tomb Bat; African Taphozous; Geoffrey's Tomb Bat; Lesser Tomb Bat; Perforated Taphozous Bat; Egyptian Tomb Bat; African Taphozous; Geoffroy's Tomb Bat; Lesser Tomb Bat; Perforated Taphozous Bat; Egyptian Tomb Bat; Egyptian Tomb Bat; T. perforatus