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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1609	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous kapalgensis		[MSW2] Subgenus Taphozous.; [MSW3] Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).; [HMW] Taphozous kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979 , “ ‘ Kapalga’, at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point , N.T. [= Northern Territory ] (lat. 12°32’S , long. 132 ° 23 ’E), ” Australia . Taphozous kapalgensis is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).														kapalgensis				kapalgensis	kapalgensis			kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Taphozous kapalgensis	Australia, Northern Territory, S. Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.	McKean and Friend	1979	Viet. Nat., 96:239.	Distribution: Confined to a small area on the coast of the Northern Territory of Australia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	White-striped sheath-tailed	N Australia; ref. 4.28 bat	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	McKean and Friend	1979	Viet. Nat., 96:239.	Subgenus Taphozous.	Northern Territory (Australia).	Australia, Northern Territory, S Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.		MCKEAN & FRIEND	1979	Gular sac present and throat area virtually naked. Size medium (forearm length, 58-63 mm). Basi sphenoid pits medium in width. Anterior ventral mandibular emargination weak.	Distribution: Confined to a small area on the coast of the Northern Territory of Australia.	No subspecies.		42	species	T. kapalgensis	MCKEAN & FRIEND	1979	Taphozous	subgenus	Taphozous kapalgensis				Gular sac present and throat area virtually naked. Size medium (forearm length, 58-63 mm). Basi sphenoid pits medium in width. Anterior ventral mandibular emargination weak.	No subspecies.		6. T. kapalgensis MCKEAN & FRIEND 1979.	6	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae		Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous	Taphozous	kapalgensis	McKean and Friend		1979		Vict. Nat.	96		239		Arnhem Tomb Bat	Australia, Northern Territory, S Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.	Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	03D587F2FFCB4C00FF1C3147FAC6EFA6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	354	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFCA4C01FF7F38FCF42FF95A.xml	Taphozous kapalgensis	Emballonuridae	Taphozous	kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	10 @en | Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Taphien de Kapalga @fr | Arnhemland-Grabfledermaus @de | Tafozode Kapalga @es	Taphozous kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979 , “ ‘ Kapalga’, at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point , N.T. [= Northern Territory ] (lat. 12°32’S , long. 132 ° 23 ’E), ” Australia . Taphozous kapalgensis is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic.	N Australia, in extreme E Kimberley region ofWestern Australia and in W Top End of the Northern Territory. Additional research might prove that it occurs further E across the Top End of the Northern Territory.	Head-body 75-85 mm, tail 20-23 mm, ear 16-5-17-6 mm, hindfoot 7 - 6 - 8 -1 mm, forearm 57-6-63 mm; weight 26-29-5 g. The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat has pale orange-brown pelage, with two white ventral flank-stripes. Uropatagium is naked except in sparsely haired anal region. Adult males have well-developed gular pouch, which is a rudimentary slit in females. Radio-metacarpal sacs are present .	Floodplains, swamps, mangroves, monsoon forests, and open woodlands dominated by Corymbia papuana ( Myrtaceae ) and Pandanus spiralis ( Pandanaceae ). The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat occurs in tropical stratified woodlands with mixtures of Eucalyptus tectifica, C. papuana , and C. clavigera (all Myrtaceae ). When foraging over floodplains, it typically flies 10—20 m aboveground.	The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat forages for insects above tree canopies, but it flies closer to the ground in open areas and flyway corridors that can include road cuts. It also will feed low over water. As it feeds, it flies rapidly with abrupt dives and twists while emitting loud, shrill echolocation calls.	No information.	The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat is nocturnal, but its roosting habitats are unclear. Because it occurs for from rocky outcrops with caves and rock fissures, it likely roosts in tree hollows. Aboriginal people report that it roosts at the base of Pandanus leaves. Echolocation call frequencies are 22-9—25-5 kHz, with relatively short durations of 3—7 milliseconds.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Populations of the Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat are considered stable. It occurs in several protected areas including Kakadu National Park, Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve, and Point Stuart Coastal Reserve. Additional studies on distribution, abundance, roost selection, natural history, and threats are needed to better assess its status and need for conservation action. Potential threats include large-scale invasion of coastal floodplain by introduced plant species, degradation of habitats by feral Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), and saltwater intrusion on coastal plains causing loss of tree stands of Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ).	Chimimba & Kitchener (1991) | Lumsden et al. (2005) | McKean & riend (1979) | Milne & McKean (2008) | Milne & Pavey (2011) | Milne et al. (2003) | Woinarski & Milne (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747922/files/figure.png	10 . Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat Taphozous kapalgensis French: Taphien de Kapalga I German : Arnhemland-Grabfledermaus I Spanish: Tafozo de Kapalga Other common names: ArnhemTomb Bat, White-striped Sheath-tailed Bat Taxonomy . Taphozous kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979 , “ ‘ Kapalga’, at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point , N.T. [= Northern Territory ] (lat. 12°32’S , long. 132 ° 23 ’E), ” Australia . Taphozous kapalgensis is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic. Distribution. N Australia, in extreme E Kimberley region ofWestern Australia and in W Top End of the Northern Territory. Additional research might prove that it occurs further E across the Top End of the Northern Territory. Descriptive notes. Head-body 75-85 mm, tail 20-23 mm, ear 16-5-17-6 mm, hindfoot 7 - 6 - 8 -1 mm, forearm 57-6-63 mm; weight 26-29-5 g. The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat has pale orange-brown pelage, with two white ventral flank-stripes. Uropatagium is naked except in sparsely haired anal region. Adult males have well-developed gular pouch, which is a rudimentary slit in females. Radio-metacarpal sacs are present . Habitat . Floodplains, swamps, mangroves, monsoon forests, and open woodlands dominated by Corymbia papuana ( Myrtaceae ) and Pandanus spiralis ( Pandanaceae ). The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat occurs in tropical stratified woodlands with mixtures of Eucalyptus tectifica, C. papuana , and C. clavigera (all Myrtaceae ). When foraging over floodplains, it typically flies 10—20 m aboveground. Food and Feeding . The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat forages for insects above tree canopies, but it flies closer to the ground in open areas and flyway corridors that can include road cuts. It also will feed low over water. As it feeds, it flies rapidly with abrupt dives and twists while emitting loud, shrill echolocation calls. Breeding . No information. Activity patterns. The Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat is nocturnal, but its roosting habitats are unclear. Because it occurs for from rocky outcrops with caves and rock fissures, it likely roosts in tree hollows. Aboriginal people report that it roosts at the base of Pandanus leaves. Echolocation call frequencies are 22-9—25-5 kHz, with relatively short durations of 3—7 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Populations of the Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat are considered stable. It occurs in several protected areas including Kakadu National Park, Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve, and Point Stuart Coastal Reserve. Additional studies on distribution, abundance, roost selection, natural history, and threats are needed to better assess its status and need for conservation action. Potential threats include large-scale invasion of coastal floodplain by introduced plant species, degradation of habitats by feral Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), and saltwater intrusion on coastal plains causing loss of tree stands of Melaleuca ( Myrtaceae ). Bibliography. Chimimba & Kitchener (1991), Lumsden et al. (2005), McKean & riend (1979), Milne & McKean (2008), Milne & Pavey (2011), Milne et al. (2003), Woinarski & Milne (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Taphozous kapalgensis	Taphozous		kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	0	Vict. Nat.	99:59:00	Arnhem Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, S Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.	Northern Territory (Australia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Taphozous kapalgensis	23	Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat	Arnhem Tomb Bat|White-striped Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	0	Taphozous_kapalgensis	McKean, J. L., & Friend, G. R. (1979). Taphozous kapalgensis, a new species of Sheath-tailed bat from the Northern Territory, Australia. The Victorian Naturalist, 96, 239.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123296#page/243/mode/1up	ANWC 4800		" ‘Kapalga', at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point, N.T. [= Northern Territory] (lat. 12°32'S, long. 132°23'E)," Australia.	-12.53	132.38	kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979	NA	NA	Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	sciname match	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21458	Taphozous kapalgensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Taphozous	kapalgensis	McKean &; Friend, 1979		200000000	Taphozous kapalgensis	Least Concern		2021	2016-07-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-AU">Population size and trends of Taphozous kapalgensis are relatively poorly known. No major threats have been identified, the population is probably stable, and while it seems limited to the western Top End of the Northern Territory in Australia, it does not meet threatened criteria with regard to extent of occurrence and evidence for a decline (Woinarski et al . 2014). It is probably more widespread than earlier work suggests (Milne and Pavey 2011).</p>	<p><span lang="EN-AU">It has been recorded from floodplains, mangroves, patchy monsoon forests, and nearby woodlands. The roosting habitats are not clear. Because it has been recorded in the Northern Territory up to 70 km from the nearest rocky habitats, it is likely to roost in tree hollows or similar situations (Milne <span lang="EN-AU">et al .<span lang="EN-AU"> 2003), and some Aboriginal people claim that it roosts at the base of Pandanus leaves. The species flies above the tree canopy, but it may be found closer to the ground in open areas (Milne and McKean 2008).</span></p>	Threats to the species include large-scale modification from invasion of large areas of coastal floodplain by introduced plant species, replacement of natural floodplain vegetation with introduced pasture species, degradation of habitats by Water Buffalo, and saltwater intrusion into the coastal plains resulting in the deaths of large stands of Melaleuca trees (Milne et al. 2003). If this species was found to roost in Pandanus, then fire may also be a threat.	<p><span lang="EN-AU">This species has been recorded from a total of 19 sites (Milne and Pavey 2011), and it is likely to be more common than records suggest (Milne <span lang="EN-AU">et al. <span lang="EN-AU"> 2003). Acoustic surveys have the potential to detect it because its echolocation call is distinct though sometimes difficult to distinguish unambiguously (Milne 2002).</span></p>	Unknown	<p><span lang="EN-AU">This species is found in wet-dry tropics of the western Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia (Milne <span lang="EN-AU">et al .<span lang="EN-AU"> 2003), but it may be more widespread further east across the Top End (Milne and McKean 2008, Milne and Pavey 2011). There are records of echolocation calls from the eastern Kimberley region of Western Australia near Kununurra and nearby over the border in the Northern Territory (Lumsden et al . 2005).</span></p>		Terrestrial	It has been recorded from Kakadu National Park (Milne and McKean 2008). It is also found in Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve and Point Stuart Coastal Reserve (Woinarski and Milne 2005). Further studies are needed into the distribution, abundance, natural history, and threats to this little-known species, particularly regarding roost sites.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	0	Vict. Nat.	99:59:00	Arnhem Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, S Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.	Northern Territory (Australia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Taphozous kapalgensis	1004823	23	Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat	Arnhem Tomb Bat|White-striped Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	0	Taphozous_kapalgensis	McKean, J. L., & Friend, G. R. (1979). Taphozous kapalgensis, a new species of Sheath-tailed bat from the Northern Territory, Australia. The Victorian Naturalist, 96, 239.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123296#page/243/mode/1up	ANWC 4800		" ‘Kapalga', at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point, N.T. [= Northern Territory] (lat. 12°32'S, long. 132°23'E)," Australia.	-12.5333	132.3833	kapalgensis McKean & Friend, 1979	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	sciname match	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Taphozous_kapalgensis	1004823	23	Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat	Arnhem Tomb Bat|White-striped Sheath-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae	NA	Taphozous	NA	kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	0	Taphozous kapalgensis	McKean, J.L. and Friend, G.R. 1979. _Taphozous kapalgensis_, a new species of sheath-tailed bat from the Northern Territory, Australia. Victorian Naturalist 96:239-241.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39907309	ANWC CM4800	holotype		" ‘Kapalga', at the edge of the western flood plain of the South Alligator River, near Rookery Point, N.T. [= Northern Territory] (lat. 12°32'S, long. 132°23'E)," Australia.	-12.5333	132.3833	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	sciname match	Taphozous_kapalgensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		kapalgensis	McKean & Friend	1979	0	Vict. Nat.	99:59:00	Arnhem Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Northern Territory, S Alligator River, near Rookery Point, Kapalga.	Northern Territory (Australia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21458/209539248/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Taphozous kapalgensis; Taphozous kapalgensis; Taphozous kapalgensis; Taphozous kapalgensis; Taphozous kapalgensis; Taphozous kapalgensis; kapalgensis; 10; Amhem Sheath-tailed Bat; Taphien de Kapalga; Arnhemland-Grabfledermaus; Tafozode Kapalga; Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat; Arnhem Tomb Bat; White-striped Sheath-tailed Bat; Arnhem Tomb Bat; Arnhem Tomb Bat; T. kapalgensis