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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1605	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous georgianus		[MSW2] Subgenus Taphozous. Includes troughtoni; see McKean and Price (1967); but see also Chiminbu and Kitchener (1991) who recognized troughtoni as a distinct species.; [MSW3] Subgenus Taphozous. McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).; [HMW] Taphozous australis georgianus Thomas, 1915 , “ King George’s Sound ,” Western Australia , Australia . Taphozous georgianus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).; [batnames2023] McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).; [batnames2025_1.7] McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).				troughtoni		troughtoni.								georgianus				georgianus	georgianus			georgianus O. Thomas, 1915		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Sharp-nosed pouched bat	W, N Australia	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Taphozous georgianus	Australia, Western Australia, King Georges Sound.	Thomas	1915	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 24:62.	Distribution: Tropical and sub-tropical Australia (except for most of Cape York).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Sharp-nosed pouched bat (? troughtoni)	W, N Australia (in T. melanopogon T)	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1915	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 24:62.	Subgenus Taphozous. Includes troughtoni; see McKean and Price (1967); but see also Chiminbu and Kitchener (1991) who recognized troughtoni as a distinct species.	Australia.	Australia, Western Australia, King Georges Sound.		THOMAS	1915	Gular sac ab sent, but no differentiated throat patch. Size me dium (forearm length, 64-71 mm). Basisphenoid pits medium in width. Anterior ventral mandibu lar emargination strong.	Distribution: Tropical and sub-tropical Australia (except for most of Cape York).	No subspecies.		42	species	T. georgianus	THOMAS	1915	Taphozous	subgenus	Taphozous georgianus				Gular sac ab sent, but no differentiated throat patch. Size me dium (forearm length, 64-71 mm). Basisphenoid pits medium in width. Anterior ventral mandibu lar emargination strong.	No subspecies.		9. T. georgianus THOMAS 1915.	9	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae		Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous	Taphozous	georgianus	Thomas		1915		J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	24		62		Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	Australia, Western Australia, King George Sound.	N and W Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).		Subgenus Taphozous. McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	03D587F2FFCC4C07FF443A59F319FA37	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	355	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFC94C02FF0B30C6F6C7FC83.xml	Taphozous georgianus	Emballonuridae	Taphozous	georgianus	Thomas	1915	Common Sheath-tailed Bat @en | Taphien de King George @fr | Gewöhnliche Grabfledermaus @de | Tafozoaustraliano @es | Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat @en	Taphozous australis georgianus Thomas, 1915 , “ King George’s Sound ,” Western Australia , Australia . Taphozous georgianus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic.	NW & N Australia, in Western Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley bioregions), Northern Territory in the Top End, S of Gulf of Carpentaria, and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregion, and Queensland E to N Mount Isa Inlier and W Gulf Plains bioregions; also on Hook I off coast of Queensland and several small offshore islands off coasts of Western Australia and Northern Territory.	Head-body 61-6-80 mm, tail 21-39-4 mm, ear 16-5-24-1 mm, hindfoot 8-1-9-5 mm, forearm 65-75 mm; weight 30-51 g in April (when laden with fat deposits) and 19-31 g in September. There is no sexual dimorphism in body size. Dorsal fur of the Common Sheath-tailed Bat is dark olive-brown above base of creamy brown and speckled with buff-brown guard hairs. Venter is lighter brownish olive, with base of deep neutral gray. There are fine grizzled gray hairs along undersurface of forearm. Sparse yellow-brown hairs cover undersurface of base of tail. Skin of flight membranes is sepia. There are no throat pouches, typical of adult males in Taphozous-, both sexes have radio-metacarpal wing pouches.	Rocky escarpments and cliffs with outcrops that forms caves among dry and wet sclerophyll forests and woodlands.	Common Sheath-tailed Bats forage for aerial insects, including beetles, while flying high and fest, usually eating insects in flight. Although they live in semiarid zones throughout much ofthe distribution, they apparently do not to need to drink.	Female Common Sheath-tailed Bats are thought to be monoestrous, giving birth to one young each year, although at lower latitudes in its distribution, it is possible that they give birth twice a year. Mating occurs in August-September, and births occur in October—February. At birth, young are one-quarter their mothers’ weights, and eyes are open. Mothers carry young while foraging for 3-4 weeks by which time young are one-halftheir mothers’ weight. Adult size is reached at c.3 months ofage, and sexual maturity at C.9 months for females. Males do not breed until 21 months ofage. Testis remain abdominal for much of the year and then descend to scrotal position in summer and early autumn during which time sperm is produced and stored in tail ofepididymis over winter until mating in the following spring. Tail of epididymis is permanently located in an exposed region of the scrotum that maintains cooler temperatures than found in deeper body regions. Females have one functional ovary on the right, and fetuses only develop in the right horn of the uterus. Life expectancy is less than four years for most individuals, and only c.10% of females and c .3% of males survive longer.	The Common Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts in twilight zones of rock crevices, caves, and mine adits. While roosting, it clings to vertical walls and props itselfup to avoid contact with much of the substrate, using its wrists and feet in typical emballonurid posture. It emerges around dusk to forage. Individuals remain in roosts in deep torpor during mid-winter cold periods. Peak echolocation call used to search for prey is 25 kHz.	Common Sheath-tailed Bats exhibit strong roost fidelity even after capture and release during reproductive season, but at other times ofyear, they might move among several roosts. They frequently roost singly or in groups of 20 or less, but colonies of up to 100 individuals are recorded. Individuals maintain separated individual spacing and will defend roost space. Except during winter torpor, they remain alert in roosts, and when disturbed by humans, they scurry crabwise to secluded crevices or fly away. Substantial fat reserves are accumulated in autumn and supply energy during periods of winter torpor. Small groups cluster during torpor. In Central Queensland, body weight can drop from average peak of 41 g in autumn to an average of 26 g in spring. During non-winter periods of insect scarcity, Common Sheath-tailed Bats can enter shallow torpor to conserve energy.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Common Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, uses a wide variety ofhabitats, occurs in protected areas, and does not face significant threats. Nevertheless, mining interests in ironstone terrains of the Pilbara coincide frequently with roosting habitat. Larger colonies in caves and unused mines should be protected from mining interests.	Chimimba & Kitchener (1991) | Jolly et al. (2008) | Kitchener (1973, 1976a, 1983) | Milne (2002) | Strahan (1995) | Troughton (1925)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747926/files/figure.png	12 . Common Sheath-tailed Bat Taphozous georgianus French: Taphien de King George / German: Gewöhnliche Grabfledermaus / Spanish: Tafozo australiano Other common names: Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat Taxonomy . Taphozous australis georgianus Thomas, 1915 , “ King George’s Sound ,” Western Australia , Australia . Taphozous georgianus is in the subgenus Taphozous . Monotypic. Distribution. NW & N Australia, in Western Australia (Pilbara and Kimberley bioregions), Northern Territory in the Top End, S of Gulf of Carpentaria, and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregion, and Queensland E to N Mount Isa Inlier and W Gulf Plains bioregions; also on Hook I off coast of Queensland and several small offshore islands off coasts of Western Australia and Northern Territory. Descriptive notes. Head-body 61-6-80 mm, tail 21-39-4 mm, ear 16-5-24-1 mm, hindfoot 8-1-9-5 mm, forearm 65-75 mm; weight 30-51 g in April (when laden with fat deposits) and 19-31 g in September. There is no sexual dimorphism in body size. Dorsal fur of the Common Sheath-tailed Bat is dark olive-brown above base of creamy brown and speckled with buff-brown guard hairs. Venter is lighter brownish olive, with base of deep neutral gray. There are fine grizzled gray hairs along undersurface of forearm. Sparse yellow-brown hairs cover undersurface of base of tail. Skin of flight membranes is sepia. There are no throat pouches, typical of adult males in Taphozous-, both sexes have radio-metacarpal wing pouches. Habitat . Rocky escarpments and cliffs with outcrops that forms caves among dry and wet sclerophyll forests and woodlands. Food and Feeding . Common Sheath-tailed Bats forage for aerial insects, including beetles, while flying high and fest, usually eating insects in flight. Although they live in semiarid zones throughout much ofthe distribution, they apparently do not to need to drink. Breeding . Female Common Sheath-tailed Bats are thought to be monoestrous, giving birth to one young each year, although at lower latitudes in its distribution, it is possible that they give birth twice a year. Mating occurs in August-September, and births occur in October—February. At birth, young are one-quarter their mothers’ weights, and eyes are open. Mothers carry young while foraging for 3-4 weeks by which time young are one-halftheir mothers’ weight. Adult size is reached at c.3 months ofage, and sexual maturity at C.9 months for females. Males do not breed until 21 months ofage. Testis remain abdominal for much of the year and then descend to scrotal position in summer and early autumn during which time sperm is produced and stored in tail ofepididymis over winter until mating in the following spring. Tail of epididymis is permanently located in an exposed region of the scrotum that maintains cooler temperatures than found in deeper body regions. Females have one functional ovary on the right, and fetuses only develop in the right horn of the uterus. Life expectancy is less than four years for most individuals, and only c.10% of females and c .3% of males survive longer. Activity patterns. The Common Sheath-tailed Bat is crepuscular and roosts in twilight zones of rock crevices, caves, and mine adits. While roosting, it clings to vertical walls and props itselfup to avoid contact with much of the substrate, using its wrists and feet in typical emballonurid posture. It emerges around dusk to forage. Individuals remain in roosts in deep torpor during mid-winter cold periods. Peak echolocation call used to search for prey is 25 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Common Sheath-tailed Bats exhibit strong roost fidelity even after capture and release during reproductive season, but at other times ofyear, they might move among several roosts. They frequently roost singly or in groups of 20 or less, but colonies of up to 100 individuals are recorded. Individuals maintain separated individual spacing and will defend roost space. Except during winter torpor, they remain alert in roosts, and when disturbed by humans, they scurry crabwise to secluded crevices or fly away. Substantial fat reserves are accumulated in autumn and supply energy during periods of winter torpor. Small groups cluster during torpor. In Central Queensland, body weight can drop from average peak of 41 g in autumn to an average of 26 g in spring. During non-winter periods of insect scarcity, Common Sheath-tailed Bats can enter shallow torpor to conserve energy. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Common Sheath-tailed Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population, uses a wide variety ofhabitats, occurs in protected areas, and does not face significant threats. Nevertheless, mining interests in ironstone terrains of the Pilbara coincide frequently with roosting habitat. Larger colonies in caves and unused mines should be protected from mining interests. Bibliography. Chimimba & Kitchener (1991), Jolly et al. (2008), Kitchener (1973, 1976a, 1983), Milne (2002), Strahan (1995), Troughton (1925).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Taphozous georgianus	Taphozous		georgianus	Thomas	1915	0	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	25:02:00	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, King George Sound.	N and W Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Taphozous georgianus	23	Common Sheath-tailed Bat	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	georgianus	O. Thomas	1915	0	Taphozous_australis_georgianus	Thomas, O. (1915). Scientific results from the Mammal Survey. No. XI. The journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 24, 62.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95302#page/102/mode/1up	BM 1844.2.27.59		"King George's Sound," Western Australia, Australia.			georgianus O. Thomas, 1915	NA	NA	Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_georgianus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_georgianus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21454	Taphozous georgianus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Taphozous	georgianus	Thomas, 1915		200000000	Taphozous georgianus	Least Concern		2021	2016-07-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p>This bat is listed as Least Concern given its wide distribution, use of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population size, occurrence in protected areas, and the absence of significant key threats or evidence for a decline.</p>	<p>This species is generally found in rocky landscapes with outcrop that forms caves. It roosts in vertical cracks, caves, and similar artificial habitats such as vertical mine adits and horizontal shafts. It is often found roosting in small groups, however, colonies of up to 100 animals have been recorded (Jolly et al. 2008). Females generally give birth to a single young. They have a high fidelity to their roost site, even after capture (K.N. Armstrong unpublished obs.). </p>	<p>There appear to be no major threats to this species, though mining interests in the ironstone terrains of the Pilbara coincide frequently with its roost habitat.</p>	<p>It can be encountered commonly roosting in the semi-dark areas of relatively shallow caves and mine shafts. No population census has been undertaken but it is presumed to be abundant and secure over its wide range.</p>	Stable	<p>This species is common in the Pilbara and Kimberley bioregions (Commonwealth of Australia 2012) of Western Australia, with these two populations separated by the Great Sandy Desert. It is found in the Top End of the Northern Territory, being connected to the Kimberley by habitat in the Victoria Bonaparte bioregion, but is absent in the Sturt Plateau bioregion. It is present along the southern part of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Gulf Coastal and Gulf Fall and Uplands bioregions. The edge of the range ends in the western half of the Gulf Plains and northern part of the Mount Isa Inlier bioregions where it is replaced by Taphozous troughtoni that ranges across northern Queensland. It is also present on several offshore islands in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Current taxonomic work is resolving the geographic boundary and areas of sympatry between T. georgianus and T. troughtoni (K.N. Armstrong and T.B. Reardon unpublished data).</p>		Terrestrial	<p>This species occurs in numerous protected areas. Larger colonies in caves and disused mines should be given some consideration when mining interests coincide with this habitat. </p>	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		georgianus	Thomas	1915	0	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	25:02:00	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, King George Sound.	N and W Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).	Taphozous georgianus	1004819	23	Common Sheath-tailed Bat	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	TAPHOZOINAE	NA	Taphozous	Taphozous	georgianus	O. Thomas	1915	0	Taphozous_australis_georgianus	Thomas, O. (1915). Scientific results from the Mammal Survey. No. XI. The journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 24, 62.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/95302#page/102/mode/1up	BM 1844.2.27.59		"King George's Sound," Western Australia, Australia.			georgianus O. Thomas, 1915	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_georgianus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_georgianus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Taphozous_georgianus	1004819	23	Common Sheath-tailed Bat	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Taphozoinae	NA	Taphozous	NA	georgianus	O. Thomas	0	Taphozous australis georgianus	Thomas, O. 1915-09-30. Notes on _Taphozous_ and _Saccolaimus_. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 24(1):57-63.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30151585	BMNH:Mamm:1844.2.27.59	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/22aac48a-e75e-4f46-b57d-b337c7b6c14e	"King George's Sound," Western Australia, Australia.			NA	NA				Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Taphozous_georgianus	0	sciname match	Taphozous_georgianus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Taphozous		georgianus	Thomas	1915	0	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.	25:02:00	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat	None.	Australia, Western Australia, King George Sound.	N and W Australia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21454/209538623/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimbaand Kitchener (1991).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Taphozous georgianus; Taphozous georgianus; Taphozous georgianus; Taphozous georgianus; Taphozous georgianus; Taphozous georgianus; georgianus; Common Sheath-tailed Bat; Taphien de King George; Gewöhnliche Grabfledermaus; Tafozoaustraliano; Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat; Common Sheath-tailed Bat; Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat; Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat; Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat; T. georgianus