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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1601	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida ventralis	N/A	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida ventralis		[MSW2] For use of this name in place of africana, see Kock (1975).; [MSW3] teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).; [HMW] Nyctinomus (Dysopes) ventralis Heuglin, 1862 , Keren, Eritrea . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).; [IUCN]  South Africa The Giant Free-tailed bat (Tadarida ventralis ), originally described from Kérén, Eritrea, wasreported in South Africa in 1876 as Nyctinomus africanus (Dobson, 1876), a name that is now seen as a junior synonym for T. ventralis (Heuglin, 1861). The locality of the type specimen for africanus in the Natural History Museum, London (BM 75.11.19.1), was listed impreciselyas “Transvaal”, hence the alternative common name of Transvaal Free-tailed Bat (Hayman &; Hill 1971).; [batnames2023]  teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).; [batnames2025_1.7] teniotisspecies group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).					(africana)	africana.	ventralis, africana	ventralis, africana				ventralis, africana		ventralis, africanus	 South Africa The Giant Free-tailed bat (Tadarida ventralis ), originally described from Kérén, Eritrea, wasreported in South Africa in 1876 as Nyctinomus africanus (Dobson, 1876), a name that is now seen as a junior synonym for T. ventralis (Heuglin, 1861). The locality of the type specimen for africanus in the Natural History Museum, London (BM 75.11.19.1), was listed impreciselyas “Transvaal”, hence the alternative common name of Transvaal Free-tailed Bat (Hayman &; Hill 1971).	ventralis, africana		ventralis, africanus	ventralis, africana	africana, ventralis 		ventralis (von Heuglin, 1861)|africana (Dobson, 1876)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Giant African freetailed bat	S Sudan, Ethiopia – Malawi, Transvaal		N/A					Distribution: Ranging from Ethiopia to Transvaal.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	African giant free-tailed bat	Sudan, Ethiopia – Mozambique, Transvaal	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Heuglin	1861	Nouv. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., 29(8):4,11.	For use of this name in place of africana, see Kock (1975).	Ethiopia to South Africa.	Ethiopia, Eritrea, Keren.		HEUGLIN	1861	Basisphenoid pits relatively deep. Wing tips relatively narrow. Outer lower incisor absent. Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced. No well defined lip wrinkles. Rostrum relatively broad. Size relatively large (forearm length, 62-66 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from Ethiopia to Transvaal.	Two subspecies are here recognized:	T. v. ventralis ( Ethiopia to northern Tanzania and northeastern Zaire), T. v. africana (Zambia and Malawi to Transvaal).	139	species	T. ventralis	HEUGLIN	1861	Tadarida	genus	Tadarida ventralis				Basisphenoid pits relatively deep. Wing tips relatively narrow. Outer lower incisor absent. Anterior upper premolar greatly reduced. No well defined lip wrinkles. Rostrum relatively broad. Size relatively large (forearm length, 62-66 mm).	Two subspecies are here recognized:		6. T. ventralis (HEUGLIN 1861) [teniotis group].	6	_T. v. africana_ (Dobson, 1876); _T. v. ventralis_ (Heuglin, 1861)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida		ventralis	Heuglin	y	1861		Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.	29	8	4, 11		Giant Free-tailed Bat	Eritrea, Keren.	Eritrea to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	africana Dobson, 1876.	teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).	03D587F2FFCA4C01FF7431D4F8DBF2F5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	666	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF93BA3FB4A3F52FB337F5CF.xml	Tadarida ventralis	Molossidae	Tadarida	ventralis	Heuglin	1861	Tadaride africaine @fr | Grol3e Afrika-Bulldogfledermaus @de | Murciélago rabudo africano @es | Giant Free-tailed Bat @en | Giant African Free-tailed Bat @en | Giant Guano Bat @en | Giant African Guano Bat @en | Transvaal Free-tailed Bat @en	Nyctinomus (Dysopes) ventralis Heuglin, 1862 , Keren, Eritrea . This species is monotypic.	Occurs sparsely but widely in NE, k 8% SE Africa, including Eritrea , Ethiopia , S South Sudan , E DR Congo , Kenya , Tanzania , Malawi , Zimbabwe , Mozambique , and NE South Africa (N Limpopo Province ).	Head-body c. 91- 102 mm , tail 51-66 mm , ear 18-29 mm , hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 60-67 mm; weight 31-55 g. The African Giant Freetailed Bat is larger than most other African free-tailed bats. Pelage is dark brown, chocolate-brown or rusty brown above, and paler below with mid-ventral white to off-white stripe, and flank-stripe same color as flank; an orange morph is orangebrown above and yellowish below. Upper lip lacks well-defined wrinkles and has relatively few spoon-hairs. Ears are brown and relatively small, extending to middle of snout when laid forward. Tragus is large, roughly rectangular, and not concealed by antitragus, which is low, triangular, and not much larger than tragus. There is no interaural crest. Gular gland is present in both sexes, more conspicuous in males. Wing and interfemoral membranes are semi-translucent and dark brown to almost black. Ventral sides of forearms are naked and white, and ventral sides of legs naked and brownish. Although some sources say that thumb pads and plantar (sole) pads are missing in this species, a fluid-preserved specimen collected from northern South Africa possessed clear thumb and plantar pads. Skull is not extremely flattened. Anterior palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are deep. Dental formulais1 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2 M 3/3(x2) = 30.	Semiarid savannas containing rocky crevices and gorges, as well as montane habitats (above 1400 m ) in Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , and the Soutpansberg of northeastern South Africa .	No information.	No information.	The African Giant Free-tailed Bat is nocturnal. Specimens have been caught emerging from the roofs of houses, and one was collected from a high-rise building in Harare , Zimbabwe . The species produces echolocation calls with low peak frequency (c.19 kHz), narrow bandwidth (c.4 kHz), and long duration (c.9 milliseconds).	No information.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The African Giant Free-tailed Bat is thought to be a rare bat and is seldom caught, although based on acoustic data from the Soutpansberg reported by P. J. Taylor and colleagues in 2015, it seems possible that the species may be fairly common butjust much underrepresented in collections.	Cotterill (1996b, 2001b, 20130) | Mickleburgh, Hutson, Bergmans & Cotterill (2008b) | Taylor et al. (2015)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567928/files/figure.png	110. African Giant Free-tailed Bat Tadarida ventralis French: Tadaride africaine / German: Grol3e Afrika-Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago rabudo africano Other common names: Giant Free-tailed Bat , Giant African Free-tailed Bat , Giant Guano Bat , Giant African Guano Bat , Transvaal Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Nyctinomus (Dysopes) ventralis Heuglin, 1862 , Keren, Eritrea . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Occurs sparsely but widely in NE, k 8% SE Africa, including Eritrea , Ethiopia , S South Sudan , E DR Congo , Kenya , Tanzania , Malawi , Zimbabwe , Mozambique , and NE South Africa (N Limpopo Province ). Descriptive notes. Head-body c. 91- 102 mm , tail 51-66 mm , ear 18-29 mm , hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 60-67 mm; weight 31-55 g. The African Giant Freetailed Bat is larger than most other African free-tailed bats. Pelage is dark brown, chocolate-brown or rusty brown above, and paler below with mid-ventral white to off-white stripe, and flank-stripe same color as flank; an orange morph is orangebrown above and yellowish below. Upper lip lacks well-defined wrinkles and has relatively few spoon-hairs. Ears are brown and relatively small, extending to middle of snout when laid forward. Tragus is large, roughly rectangular, and not concealed by antitragus, which is low, triangular, and not much larger than tragus. There is no interaural crest. Gular gland is present in both sexes, more conspicuous in males. Wing and interfemoral membranes are semi-translucent and dark brown to almost black. Ventral sides of forearms are naked and white, and ventral sides of legs naked and brownish. Although some sources say that thumb pads and plantar (sole) pads are missing in this species, a fluid-preserved specimen collected from northern South Africa possessed clear thumb and plantar pads. Skull is not extremely flattened. Anterior palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are deep. Dental formulais1 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2 M 3/3(x2) = 30. Habitat. Semiarid savannas containing rocky crevices and gorges, as well as montane habitats (above 1400 m ) in Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , and the Soutpansberg of northeastern South Africa . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The African Giant Free-tailed Bat is nocturnal. Specimens have been caught emerging from the roofs of houses, and one was collected from a high-rise building in Harare , Zimbabwe . The species produces echolocation calls with low peak frequency (c.19 kHz), narrow bandwidth (c.4 kHz), and long duration (c.9 milliseconds). Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The African Giant Free-tailed Bat is thought to be a rare bat and is seldom caught, although based on acoustic data from the Soutpansberg reported by P. J. Taylor and colleagues in 2015, it seems possible that the species may be fairly common butjust much underrepresented in collections. Bibliography. Cotterill (1996b, 2001b, 20130), Mickleburgh, Hutson, Bergmans & Cotterill (2008b), Taylor et al. (2015).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Tadarida ventralis	Tadarida		ventralis	Heuglin	1861	1	Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.	29(8): 4, 11	Giant Free-tailed Bat	<b> africana </b>Dobson, 1876.	Eritrea, Keren.	Eritrea to South Africa.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Tadarida ventralis	23	African Giant Free-tailed Bat	Giant Free-tailed Bat|Giant African Free-tailed Bat|Giant Guano Bat|Giant African Guano Bat|Transvaal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	ventralis	Heuglin	1862	1	Nyctinomus_(Dysopes)_ventralis	Heuglin, T. von (1862). Beiträge zur Fauna der Säugethiere N. O.-Afrikas mit Tafel. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 29(8), 11.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164060#page/283/mode/1up	SMNS 982 [lectotype]		Keren, Eritrea.			ventralis (Heuglin, 1861)|africanus (Dobson, 1876)	NA	NA	Eritrea|Ethiopia|Sudan?|South Sudan|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kenya|Tanzania|Malawi|Zambia?|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_ventralis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_ventralis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21318	Tadarida ventralis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Tadarida	ventralis	(Heuglin, 1861)	 South Africa The Giant Free-tailed bat (Tadarida ventralis ), originally described from Kérén, Eritrea, wasreported in South Africa in 1876 as Nyctinomus africanus (Dobson, 1876), a name that is now seen as a junior synonym for T. ventralis (Heuglin, 1861). The locality of the type specimen for africanus in the Natural History Museum, London (BM 75.11.19.1), was listed impreciselyas “Transvaal”, hence the alternative common name of Transvaal Free-tailed Bat (Hayman &; Hill 1971).	20000000	Tadarida ventralis	Data Deficient		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is confirmed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of sufficient information on its extent of occurrence, natural history, threats and conservation status.	The natural history of this species is poorly known, although it is believed to be associated with savanna areas containing rocky crevices and gorges. Cotterill (1996) reports that a specimen was collected in 1964 from a high rise building in Harare, Zimbabwe.	The threats to this species are poorly known. It may be threatened through the conversion of suitable habitat to agricultural land and the use of pesticides in these modified areas.	It has been rarely recorded and is largely known from single dead individuals.	Unknown	This species is widely distributed in East and Southern Africa. It ranges from Eritrea in the north to Zimbabwe, and possibly northern South Africa, in the south. The westernmost record is from the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, close to the border area with Uganda. Most records are from high altitude (1,500 m upwards to 2,500 m asl).		Terrestrial	There appear to be no direct conservation measures in place. It is not known if the species is present in any protected areas. Further research is needed into the distribution, natural history, and threats to this little known species.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Tadarida		ventralis	Heuglin	1861	1	Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.	29(8): 4, 11	Giant Free-tailed Bat	<b> africana </b>Dobson, 1876.	Eritrea, Keren.	Eritrea to South Africa.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).	Tadarida ventralis	1005268	23	African Giant Free-tailed Bat	Giant Free-tailed Bat|Giant African Free-tailed Bat|Giant Guano Bat|Giant African Guano Bat|Transvaal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	ventralis	Heuglin	1862	1	Nyctinomus_(Dysopes)_ventralis	Heuglin, T. von (1862). Beiträge zur Fauna der Säugethiere N. O.-Afrikas mit Tafel. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 29(8), 11.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/164060#page/283/mode/1up	SMNS 982 [lectotype]		Keren, Eritrea.			ventralis (Heuglin, 1861)|africanus (Dobson, 1876)	NA	NA				Eritrea|Ethiopia|Sudan?|South Sudan|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kenya|Tanzania|Malawi|Zambia?|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_ventralis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_ventralis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Tadarida_ventralis	1005268	23	African Giant Free-tailed Bat	Giant Free-tailed Bat|Giant African Free-tailed Bat|Giant Guano Bat|Giant African Guano Bat|Transvaal Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Tadarida	NA	ventralis	von Heuglin	1	Nyctinomus (Dysopes) ventralis	Heuglin, T. von. 1861. Beiträge zur Fauna der Säugetheire N.O.-Afrikas. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 29(8):1-24.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45613527	SMNS 982	lectotype		Keren, Eritrea.			NA	NA				Eritrea|Ethiopia|Sudan?|South Sudan|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Kenya|Tanzania|Malawi|Zambia?|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_ventralis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_ventralis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Tadarida		ventralis	von Heuglin	1861	1	Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol.	29(8): 4, 11	Giant Free-tailed Bat	africana Dobson, 1876.	Eritrea, Keren.	Eritrea to South Africa.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21318/22121418/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	teniotisspecies group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Tadarida ventralis; Tadarida ventralis; Tadarida ventralis; Tadarida ventralis; Tadarida ventralis; Tadarida ventralis; ventralis; africana; africana; ventralis; africanus; Tadaride africaine; Grol3e Afrika-Bulldogfledermaus; Murciélago rabudo africano; Giant Free-tailed Bat; Giant African Free-tailed Bat; Giant Guano Bat; Giant African Guano Bat; Transvaal Free-tailed Bat; African Giant Free-tailed Bat; Giant Free-tailed Bat; Giant African Free-tailed Bat; Giant Guano Bat; Giant African Guano Bat; Transvaal Free-tailed Bat; Giant Free-tailed Bat; Giant Free-tailed Bat; T. ventralis