http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format name_CH1_1980 name_MSW1_1982 name_CH3_1991 name_MSW2_1993 name_Koopman_1994 name_MSW3_2005 name_HMW_2019 name_BatNames_2022 name_MDD_2022 name_IUCN_2022 name_BatNames_2023 name_MDD_2023 name_MDD_2025_2.0 name_batnames_2025_1.7 name_MDD_2025_2.2 column151 taxonomic_notes_concatenated column171 synonyms_CH1 subspecies__MSW2 synonyms__MSW1 synonyms_CH3 synonyms_MSW2 subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted subspecies_MSW3_interpreted synonym_MSW3_interpreted subspecies_HMW_interpreted synonym_HMW_interpreted subspecies_batnames_interpreted synonym_batnames_interpreted synonym_MDD_interpreted synonym_IUCN_interpreted subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted synonym_batnames2023_interpreted synonym_MDD2023_interpreted synonym_MDD2025_interpreted subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted nominalNames column391 docOrigin_CH1 commonName_CH1 distribution_CH1 docOrigin_MSW1 column451 typeLocality_MSW1 authority_MSW1 year_MSW1 citation_MSW1 distribution comment_MSW1 docOrigin_CH3 commonName_CH3 distribution_CH3 docOrigin_MSW2 authority_MSW2 year_MSW2 citation_MSW2 comments_MSW2 distribution_MSW2 typeLocality_MSW2 docOrigin_Koopman94 authority_Koopman94 year_Koopman94 description_Koopman94 distribution_Koopman94 diversity_Koopman94 subspecies_Koopman94 page rank name authority year parent parent_rank corrected_name actual_species_count claimed_species_count dental_formula description diversity full_subspecies_text name_line species_index subspecies synonym text docOrigin_MSW3 order_MSW3 family_MSW3 subfamily_MSW3 tribe_MSW3 name_MSW3 genus_MSW3 subgenus_MSW3 species_MSW3 authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3 (parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3 authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3 actualDate_MSW3 citation_MSW3 volume_MSW3 issue_MSW3 pages_MSW3 type_species_MSW3 commonName_MSW3 typeLocality_MSW3 distribution_MSW3 status_MSW3 synonym_MSW3 comments_MSW3 docId_HMW docOrigin_HMW docISBN_HMW docName_HMW docMasterId_HMW docPageNumber_HMW derivedFrom_HMW name_HMW family_HMW genus_HMW species_HMW authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW authoritySpeciesYear commonNames_HMW taxonomy_HMW subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW descriptiveNotes_HMW habitat_HMW foodAndFeeding_HMW breeding_HMW activityPatterns_HMW movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW statusAndConservation_HMW bibliography_HMW distributionImageURL_HMW verbatimText_HMW docOrigin_batnames family_batnames name_batnames genus_batnames subgenus_batnames species_batnames authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames date_batnames parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses) citation_batnames docPageNumber_batnames common Name_batnames synonyms_batnames type_locality_batnames Distribution_batnames CITES_batnames IUCN_batnames comments_batnames docOrigin_MDD name_MDD phylosort_MDD mainCommonName_MDD otherCommonNames_MDD subclass_MDD infraclass_MDD magnorder_MDD superorder_MDD order_MDD suborder_MDD infraorder_MDD parvorder_MDD superfamily_MDD family_MDD subfamily_MDD tribe_MDD genus_MDD subgenus_MDD specificEpithet_MDD authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD authoritySpeciesYear_MDD authorityParentheses_MDD originalNameCombination_MDD authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD authoritySpeciesLink_MDD holotypeVoucher_MDD holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD typeLocality_MDD typeLocalityLatitude_MDD typeLocalityLongitude_MDD nominalNames_MDD taxonomyNotes_MDD taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD countryDistribution_MDD continentDistribution_MDD biogeographicRealm_MDD iucnStatus_MDD extinct_MDD domestic_MDD flagged_MDD CMW_sciName_MDD diffSinceCMW_MDD MSW3_matchtype_MDD MSW3_sciName_MDD diffSinceMSW3_MDD docOrigin_IUCN internalTaxonId_IUCN NAME_IUCN kingdomName_IUCN phylumName_IUCN className_IUCN orderName_IUCN familyName_IUCN genusName_IUCN speciesName_IUCN authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN taxonomicNotes_IUCN assessmentId_IUCN scientificName_IUCN redlistCategory_IUCN redlistCriteria_IUCN yearPublished_IUCN assessmentDate_IUCN criteriaVersion_IUCN language_IUCN rationale_IUCN habitat_IUCN threats_IUCN population_IUCN populationTrend_IUCN range_IUCN useTrade_IUCN systems_IUCN conservationActions_IUCN realm_IUCN yearLastSeen_IUCN possiblyExtinct_IUCN possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN scopes_IUCN docOrigin_batnames2023 FAMILY_batnames2023 GENUS_batnames2023 SUBGENUS_batnames2023 SPECIES_batnames2023 authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023 authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023 PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES) CITATION_batnames2023 PAGES_batnames2023 COMMON NAME_batnames2023 SYNONYMS_batnames2023 TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023 DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023 CITES_batnames2023 IUCN_batnames2023 COMMENTS_batnames2023 name MDD2023 id_MDD2023 phylosort_MDD2023 mainCommonName_MDD2023 otherCommonNames_MDD2023 subclass_MDD2023 infraclass_MDD2023 magnorder_MDD2023 superorder_MDD2023 order_MDD2023 suborder_MDD2023 infraorder_MDD2023 parvorder_MDD2023 superfamily_MDD2023 Family_mdd2023 subfamily_MDD2023 tribe_MDD2023 genus_MDD2023 subgenus_MDD2023 specificEpithet_MDD2023 authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023 authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023 authorityParentheses_MDD2023 originalNameCombination_MDD2023 authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023 authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023 holotypeVoucher_MDD2023 holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023 typeLocality_MDD2023 typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023 typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023 nominalNames_MDD2023 taxonomyNotes_MDD2023 taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023 distributionNotes_MDD2023 distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023 subregionDistribution_MDD2023 countryDistribution_MDD2023 continentDistribution_MDD2023 biogeographicRealm_MDD2023 iucnStatus_MDD2023 extinct_MDD2023 domestic_MDD2023 flagged_MDD2023 CMW_sciName_MDD2023 diffSinceCMW_MDD2023 MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023 MSW3_sciName_MDD2023 diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023 docOrigin_MDD2025 sciName id phylosort mainCommonName otherCommonNames subclass infraclass magnorder superorder order suborder infraorder parvorder superfamily family subfamily tribe genus subgenus specificEpithet authoritySpeciesAuthor authorityParentheses originalNameCombination authoritySpeciesCitation authoritySpeciesLink typeVoucher typeKind typeVoucherURIs typeLocality typeLocalityLatitude typeLocalityLongitude taxonomyNotes taxonomyNotesCitation distributionNotes distributionNotesCitation subregionDistribution countryDistribution continentDistribution biogeographicRealm iucnStatus extinct domestic flagged CMW_sciName diffSinceCMW MSW3_matchtype MSW3_sciName diffSinceMSW3 docOrigin_batnames2025 Family Genus Subgenus Species Author Date Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses) Citation Pages Common Name Synonyms Type Locality Distribution CITES IUCN Comments column3781 column3791 subtribe CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L161 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus bottae Cnephaeus bottae Cnephaeus bottae Cnephaeus bottae [MSW2] Subgenus Eptesicus. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990).; [MSW3] Subgenus Eptesicus. Does not include sodalis; see Gaisler (1970). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [HMW] Vesperus bottae Peters, 1869 , “Arabien.” Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida , Hays, Ta’izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen . Eptesicus bottae previously included E. ognevi and E. anatolicus as subspecies, although recent genetic studies by J. Juste and colleagues in 2013 found that all three species are valid. Eptesicus bottae appears to be either related to E. serotinus (using mitochondrial genes) or to E. anatolicus , E. hottentotus , or E. ognevi (using nuclear genes), but its position is still uncertain. I. V. Artyushin and colleagues in 2018 found a similarly conflicting dataset that supported the traditional view that E. bottae includes E. ognevi and E. anatolicus based on nuclear genes. Eptesicus ognevi and E. anatolicus are included as distinct species here, pending amore complete genetic and morphological study encompassing full distributions of all taxa in FE. bottae sensu lato . There are limited morphological and genetic distinctions between each ofthe recognized subspecies. Five subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Cnephaeus . Does not include sodalis ; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi ; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus ; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis.; [MDD2022] previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; [IUCN] In previous Red List assessments, Eptesicus anatolicus and E. ognevi were included in E. bottae (Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018). Those are now considered separately and have their own assessments.; [batnames2023] Subgenus Cnephaeus . Does not include sodalis ; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi ; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus ; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis.; [MDD2023] previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include sodalis; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis.; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus innesi, hingstoni, ognevi, anatolicus anatolicus, hingstoni, innesi, ognevi, omanensis, taftanimontis (see Corbet, 1978c:57, and DeBlase, 1971). innesi, bottae, omanensis, hingstoni, anatolicus, ognevi bottae, anatolicus, hingstoni, innesi, ognevi, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, hingstoni, innesi, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, hingstoni, innesi, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, innesi, hingstoni, omanensis, taftanimontis In previous Red List assessments, Eptesicus anatolicus and E. ognevi were included in E. bottae (Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018). Those are now considered separately and have their own assessments. bottae, hingstoni, innesi, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, innesi, hingstoni, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, innesi, hingstoni, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae, hingstoni, innesi, omanensis, taftanimontis bottae (W. C. H. Peters, 1869)|innesi (Lataste, 1887)|hingstoni (O. Thomas, 1919)|omanensis (D. L. Harrison, 1976)|taftanimontis (de Roguin, 1988) Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp. Botta's serotine NE Egypt – Arabia – Turkestan Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp. Eptesicus bottae Yemen. Peters 1869 Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 406. Distribution: Ranging from Egypt and southwestern Arabia to Pakistan and northwestern China. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5 Botta's serotine NE Egypt – Arabia – Turkestan, Iran Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. Peters 1869 Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1869:406. Subgenus Eptesicus. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Turkey, Egypt, and Yemen, east to Mongolia and Pakistan. Yemen. PETERS 1869 Rostrum of medium length but fairly broad; flattened dorsally. Inner upper incisor more or less bicuspid, but outer upper incisor reduced. Last upper molar reduced. Braincase of medium height. Basicranial pits poorly developed. Size fairly large (forearm length, 40-50 mm). Distribution: Ranging from Egypt and southwestern Arabia to Pakistan and northwestern China. Six subspecies are currently recognized: E. b. innesi (Egypt, Israel), E. b. bottae (southwestern Arabia), E. b. omanensis (southeastern Arabia), E. b. hingstoni (Iraq), E. b. anatolicus (Anatolia to southwestern Iran), E. b. ognevi (Transcaucasia to Pakistan and northwestern China). 120 species E. bottae PETERS 1869 Eptesicus subgenus Eptesicus bottae Rostrum of medium length but fairly broad; flattened dorsally. Inner upper incisor more or less bicuspid, but outer upper incisor reduced. Last upper molar reduced. Braincase of medium height. Basicranial pits poorly developed. Size fairly large (forearm length, 40-50 mm). Six subspecies are currently recognized: 7. E. bottae (PETERS 1869) [serotinus group]. 7 _C. b. bottae_ (Peters, 1869); _C. b. hingstoni_ (Thomas, 1919); _C. b. innesi_ (Lataste, 1887); _C. b. omanensis_ (Harrison, 1976); _C. b. taftanimontis_ (Roguin, 1988) Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Vespertilionidae Vespertilioninae Eptesicini Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus Eptesicus bottae Peters y 1869 Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1869 406 Botta's Serotine Yemen. Rhodes (Greece), Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, east to Mongolia, NW China, and Pakistan. IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc). anatolicus Felten, 1971; hingstoni Thomas, 1919; innesi Lataste, 1887; ognevi Bobrinskii, 1918; omanensis Harrison, 1976; taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988. Subgenus Eptesicus. Does not include sodalis; see Gaisler (1970). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). 4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32 848 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFA16A1FFA469DB41B16B6BB.xml Eptesicus bottae Vespertilionidae Eptesicus bottae 1869 Sérotine de Botta @fr | Botta-Breitflligelfledermaus @de | Eptesicus de Botta @es | Botta's Serotine Bat @en Vesperus bottae Peters, 1869 , “Arabien.” Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida , Hays, Ta’izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen . Eptesicus bottae previously included E. ognevi and E. anatolicus as subspecies, although recent genetic studies by J. Juste and colleagues in 2013 found that all three species are valid. Eptesicus bottae appears to be either related to E. serotinus (using mitochondrial genes) or to E. anatolicus , E. hottentotus , or E. ognevi (using nuclear genes), but its position is still uncertain. I. V. Artyushin and colleagues in 2018 found a similarly conflicting dataset that supported the traditional view that E. bottae includes E. ognevi and E. anatolicus based on nuclear genes. Eptesicus ognevi and E. anatolicus are included as distinct species here, pending amore complete genetic and morphological study encompassing full distributions of all taxa in FE. bottae sensu lato . There are limited morphological and genetic distinctions between each ofthe recognized subspecies. Five subspecies recognized. E.b.bottaePeters,1869—SWSaudiArabiaandWYemen. E.b.hingstoniThomas,1919—MesopotamianregionofSyria,Iraq,andKuwait. E.b.innesiLataste,1387—NEEgypt(NileDeltaandSinaiPeninsula),SIsrael,SWJordan,andNWSaudiArabia. E.b.omanensisD.L.Harrison,1976—EUnitedArabEmiratesandEOman. E. b. taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988 — SE Iran . Head-body 56-67 mm, tail 44-54 mm, ear 15-6-17-7 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm,forearm 38-47 mm; weight 8-9 g. Females average slightly larger than males. Pelage of Botta’s Serotineis soft and dense. Dorsal pelage is light to dark creamy buff, with grayish beige to rusty brown tinge (hairs are tricolored, with dark bases), ventral pelage is creamy to grayish beige (hairs bicolored, with white tips and pale grayish brown bases). Bare muzzle, ears, and membranes are pale grayish brown to dark brown; wings occasionally have narrow pale hind border. Earsare relatively short and subtriangular, with roundedtips; tragusis ¢.50% the ear length and is the same width from base to tip, with rounded tip. Wings and uropatagium are semi-translucent, and tail protrudes ¢.3-5 mm past uropatagium; postcalcarial lobe is well developed. Baculum is short (0-8-0-9 mm long), flat, stout, and triangular, with rounded corners. Skull is smaller and less heavily ridged than in the Eurasian Serotine ( E. serotinus ); rostrum is broad and flattened, with shallow lateral concavities; there is well-marked median groove between orbits; braincase is ovoid, with only faint mastoid projections posterolaterally; forehead is weakly concave; lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; slightly convex supraoccipital just forms most posterior part of skull; sagittal crest is developed posteriorly and absent in some specimens; moderate occipital helmet is formed by sagittal and lambdoidal crests; tympanic bullae are relatively large compared with the Eurasian Serotine; and basioccipital is narrower than in the Eurasian Serotine. I* is large and bicuspid; I” is very small, only barely reaching above cingulum of I*; and lower molars are myotodont. Arid and semiarid deserts, steppes, and savannas, generally not far from water, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2100 m . Botta’s Serotines are also found in farmlands with water, prey, and day roosts and in ruins throughout their distribution. Botta’s Serotine forages by slow hawking,flying high aboveground; it is reportedly strong and noisy in flight. In Israel , average flight speed was 5-7 m/s in dark areas and 9-3 m/s in streetlamp-lighted areas in the Negev Desert. It fed on insects around an electric light in Kurdistan.It fed mainly on Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera in Israel , but in Syria , it fed mostly on Coleoptera , followed by Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha and very small amounts of Lepidoptera , Orthoptera , Diptera (Brachycera) , Mantodea, and Hymenoptera . Feces in Iran mostly contained Hymenoptera (Formicoidea; 89% by volume) and Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae) . In Oman , feces mostly contained Coleoptera , Hymenoptera (Formicoidea) , and Heteroptera, with smaller amounts of Lepidoptera . Diet in Jordan included primarily Hymenoptera (Formicoidea) and Heteroptera. These data suggest that Botta’s Serotine feeds largely opportunistically, with preference for beetles in many cases. In Israel , two pregnant Botta’s Serotines, each with twin embryos, were captured in April. Day roosts of Botta’s Serotines are in crevices in buildings in areas with human habitation but probably crevices in rocks in more natural regions. They begin to forage by dusk in some localities, but in otherareas, they begin to forage after dusk. Search-call shape is FM/QCF sweep. In Alagan-Algtar, Saudi Arabia , recordings had start frequencies of 37-45 kHz and end frequencies of 28-30 kHz. In Jordan , start frequencies were 37-9-83 kHz, end frequencies were 27-337 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-6-39-5 kHz, durations were 2-7-9-4 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were b2-241 milliseconds. In Israel , start frequencies were 38-51 kHz, end frequencies were 28-8-35 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-2-37.1 kHz, and duration averaged -2 milliseconds. In Egypt , start frequencies were 41-55-8 kHz, end frequencies were 28-3-31-4 kHz, peak frequencies were 30-8-36-7 kHz, durations were 6-6—10-3 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were 122-301 milliseconds. Botta’s Serotines generally roost groups of ¢.2-3 individuals, but solitary individuals have been observed. Maternity colonies of females and their young are larger and had up to 200 individuals in Egypt . Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Currently known distribution of Botta’s Serotine is now more restricted than when the species was assessed and is considerably scattered. It appears to be rare throughout much of distribution but is apparently locally common in Egypt . No major threats have been identified, but additional research on its ecology and threats is needed. ACR (2018) | Aloufi et al. (2016) | Artyushin, Bannikova etal. (2009) | Artyushin, Kruskop et al. (2018) | Aulagnier et al. (2008) | Benda, Andreas etal. (2006) | Benda, Dietz et al. (2008) | Benda, Ludan et al. (2010) | Feldman et al. (2000) | Hackett et al. (2017) | Harrison (1968b, 1976) | Holderied et al. (2005) | Juste et al. (2013) | Mayer al. (2007) | Nader & Kock (1990) | Polak et al. (2011) | Shehab et al. (2007) | Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013b) https://zenodo.org/record/6398216/files/figure.png 193. Botta’s Serotine Eptesicus bottae French: Sérotine de Botta / German: Botta-Breitflligelfledermaus / Spanish: Eptesicus de Botta Other common names: Botta's Serotine Bat Taxonomy. Vesperus bottae Peters, 1869 , “Arabien.” Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida , Hays, Ta’izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen . Eptesicus bottae previously included E. ognevi and E. anatolicus as subspecies, although recent genetic studies by J. Juste and colleagues in 2013 found that all three species are valid. Eptesicus bottae appears to be either related to E. serotinus (using mitochondrial genes) or to E. anatolicus , E. hottentotus , or E. ognevi (using nuclear genes), but its position is still uncertain. I. V. Artyushin and colleagues in 2018 found a similarly conflicting dataset that supported the traditional view that E. bottae includes E. ognevi and E. anatolicus based on nuclear genes. Eptesicus ognevi and E. anatolicus are included as distinct species here, pending amore complete genetic and morphological study encompassing full distributions of all taxa in FE. bottae sensu lato . There are limited morphological and genetic distinctions between each ofthe recognized subspecies. Five subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. E.b.bottaePeters,1869—SWSaudiArabiaandWYemen. E.b.hingstoniThomas,1919—MesopotamianregionofSyria,Iraq,andKuwait. E.b.innesiLataste,1387—NEEgypt(NileDeltaandSinaiPeninsula),SIsrael,SWJordan,andNWSaudiArabia. E.b.omanensisD.L.Harrison,1976—EUnitedArabEmiratesandEOman. E. b. taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988 — SE Iran . Descriptive notes. Head-body 56-67 mm, tail 44-54 mm, ear 15-6-17-7 mm, hindfoot 7-10 mm,forearm 38-47 mm; weight 8-9 g. Females average slightly larger than males. Pelage of Botta’s Serotineis soft and dense. Dorsal pelage is light to dark creamy buff, with grayish beige to rusty brown tinge (hairs are tricolored, with dark bases), ventral pelage is creamy to grayish beige (hairs bicolored, with white tips and pale grayish brown bases). Bare muzzle, ears, and membranes are pale grayish brown to dark brown; wings occasionally have narrow pale hind border. Earsare relatively short and subtriangular, with roundedtips; tragusis ¢.50% the ear length and is the same width from base to tip, with rounded tip. Wings and uropatagium are semi-translucent, and tail protrudes ¢.3-5 mm past uropatagium; postcalcarial lobe is well developed. Baculum is short (0-8-0-9 mm long), flat, stout, and triangular, with rounded corners. Skull is smaller and less heavily ridged than in the Eurasian Serotine ( E. serotinus ); rostrum is broad and flattened, with shallow lateral concavities; there is well-marked median groove between orbits; braincase is ovoid, with only faint mastoid projections posterolaterally; forehead is weakly concave; lambdoidal crests are moderately developed; slightly convex supraoccipital just forms most posterior part of skull; sagittal crest is developed posteriorly and absent in some specimens; moderate occipital helmet is formed by sagittal and lambdoidal crests; tympanic bullae are relatively large compared with the Eurasian Serotine; and basioccipital is narrower than in the Eurasian Serotine. I* is large and bicuspid; I” is very small, only barely reaching above cingulum of I*; and lower molars are myotodont. Habitat. Arid and semiarid deserts, steppes, and savannas, generally not far from water, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2100 m . Botta’s Serotines are also found in farmlands with water, prey, and day roosts and in ruins throughout their distribution. Food and Feeding. Botta’s Serotine forages by slow hawking,flying high aboveground; it is reportedly strong and noisy in flight. In Israel , average flight speed was 5-7 m/s in dark areas and 9-3 m/s in streetlamp-lighted areas in the Negev Desert. It fed on insects around an electric light in Kurdistan.It fed mainly on Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera in Israel , but in Syria , it fed mostly on Coleoptera , followed by Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha and very small amounts of Lepidoptera , Orthoptera , Diptera (Brachycera) , Mantodea, and Hymenoptera . Feces in Iran mostly contained Hymenoptera (Formicoidea; 89% by volume) and Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae) . In Oman , feces mostly contained Coleoptera , Hymenoptera (Formicoidea) , and Heteroptera, with smaller amounts of Lepidoptera . Diet in Jordan included primarily Hymenoptera (Formicoidea) and Heteroptera. These data suggest that Botta’s Serotine feeds largely opportunistically, with preference for beetles in many cases. Breeding. In Israel , two pregnant Botta’s Serotines, each with twin embryos, were captured in April. Activity patterns. Day roosts of Botta’s Serotines are in crevices in buildings in areas with human habitation but probably crevices in rocks in more natural regions. They begin to forage by dusk in some localities, but in otherareas, they begin to forage after dusk. Search-call shape is FM/QCF sweep. In Alagan-Algtar, Saudi Arabia , recordings had start frequencies of 37-45 kHz and end frequencies of 28-30 kHz. In Jordan , start frequencies were 37-9-83 kHz, end frequencies were 27-337 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-6-39-5 kHz, durations were 2-7-9-4 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were b2-241 milliseconds. In Israel , start frequencies were 38-51 kHz, end frequencies were 28-8-35 kHz, peak frequencies were 29-2-37.1 kHz, and duration averaged -2 milliseconds. In Egypt , start frequencies were 41-55-8 kHz, end frequencies were 28-3-31-4 kHz, peak frequencies were 30-8-36-7 kHz, durations were 6-6—10-3 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals were 122-301 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Botta’s Serotines generally roost groups of ¢.2-3 individuals, but solitary individuals have been observed. Maternity colonies of females and their young are larger and had up to 200 individuals in Egypt . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. Currently known distribution of Botta’s Serotine is now more restricted than when the species was assessed and is considerably scattered. It appears to be rare throughout much of distribution but is apparently locally common in Egypt . No major threats have been identified, but additional research on its ecology and threats is needed. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Aloufi et al. (2016), Artyushin, Bannikova etal. (2009), Artyushin, Kruskop et al. (2018), Aulagnier et al. (2008), Benda, Andreas etal. (2006), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Benda, Ludan et al. (2010), Feldman et al. (2000), Hackett et al. (2017), Harrison (1968b, 1976), Holderied et al. (2005), Juste et al. (2013), Mayer al. (2007), Nader & Kock (1990), Polak et al. (2011), Shehab et al. (2007), Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013b). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Vespertilionidae Eptesicus bottae Eptesicus Cnephaeus bottae Peters 1869 1 Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1875:46:00 Botta's Serotine hingstoni Thomas, 1919; innesi Lataste, 1887; omanensis Harrison, 1976; taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988. Yemen. Rhodes (Greece), Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, east to Mongolia, NW China, and Pakistan. Not listed. Least Concern Subgenus Cnephaeus . Does not include sodalis ; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi ; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus ; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis. Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Eptesicus bottae 23 Botta's Serotine Botta's Serotine Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIFORMES NA NA VESPERTILIONOIDEA VESPERTILIONIDAE VESPERTILIONINAE EPTESICINI Eptesicus Cnephaeus bottae W. Peters 1869 1 Vesperus_Bottae Peters, W. C. H. (1869). Las Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1869, 406. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111869#page/440/mode/1up MNHN 1987-297 "Arabien." Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida, Hays, Ta'izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen. bottae (W. Peters, 1869)|innesi (Lataste, 1887)|hingstoni O. Thomas, 1919|omanensis D. L. Harrison, 1976|taftanimontis Roguin, 1988 previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications Juste, J., Benda, P., Garcia-Mudarra, J. L., & Ibanez, C. (2013). Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta, 42(5), 441-457. Egypt|Sudan?|Djibouti?|Eritrea?|Somalia?|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Oman|Yemen|United Arab Emirates|Syria|Iraq|Kuwait|Iran Africa|Asia Afrotropic|Palearctic LC 0 0 0 Eptesicus_bottae 0 sciname match Eptesicus_bottae 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 90000000 Eptesicus bottae ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIDAE Eptesicus bottae (Peters, 1869) In previous Red List assessments, Eptesicus anatolicus and E. ognevi were included in E. bottae (Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018). Those are now considered separately and have their own assessments. 20000000 Eptesicus bottae Least Concern 2021 2020-10-18 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English Eptesicus bottae is assessed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
The species is found in a wide range of arid and semi-arid habitats including lowland farmland and rocky foothills (Benda et al. 2006, Shebab et al. 2007, Aloufi 2016). It is a crevice dwelling species that inhabits buildings, ruins (including tombs), and natural rock crevices throughout the year (Benda et al. 2006, 2012; Shebab et al. 2007). This bat feeds on a large range of prey species, but ants (Hymenoptera) seem to always account for a significant proportion. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera are also regularly preyed on (Benda et al. 2006, Whitaker and KarataÅŸ 2009).
This species is under no significant threat, therefore its populations are considered stable. The species could, however suffer from two minor threats - roost disturbance and light pollution – both of which are likely restricted to a very small proportion of its population. This species has been shown to have a negative response to artificial light (lower activity and higher flight speed) (Polak et al. 2011) which puts it at risk of increasing urbanisation. Any ruins that would harbour roosts of this species while also being touristic attractions are a possible source of disturbance. However, those threats are likely to have a negligible impact on the populations as the human population density in most of its range is extremely low.
This is a little known and appears to be generally common throughout its range, the population is presumed stable. There is very little information available regarding colony size. However, a few maternity roosts have been found, all consisting of 15–25 individuals (Benda et al. 2006). Additionally, there are numerous reports of individuals roosting either singly or in small groups (2–3 ind.) (Benda et al. 2006, 2012; Shebab et al. 2007).
Stable This Middle Eastern species is present in four major areas, the Euphrates valley in Syria and Iraq, South-western corner of the Arabian Peninsula, South-eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, Southern Israel and Sinai as well as a small area around the Kerman province in Iran (Benda et al. 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012; Shehab et al. 2007; ;Aloufi 2016). It has been recorded from sea level to an altitude of 2,250 m asl (Benda et al. 2006).
Terrestrial The species is protected in Israel under the 1955 Wildlife Protection Law protecting all vertebrate species, including bats. It is not protected elsewhere in its range. More research is needed to better understand the species’ ecological needs and the dynamics of its populations in order to develop adequate conservation plans.
Palearctic FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Vespertilionidae Eptesicus Cnephaeus bottae Peters 1869 1 Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1875:46:00 Botta's Serotine hingstoni Thomas, 1919; innesi Lataste, 1887; omanensis Harrison, 1976; taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988. Yemen. Rhodes (Greece), Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, east to Mongolia, NW China, and Pakistan. Not listed. Least Concern Subgenus Cnephaeus . Does not include sodalis ; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi ; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus ; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis. Eptesicus bottae 1005513 23 Botta's Serotine Botta's Serotine Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA VESPERTILIONIFORMES NA NA VESPERTILIONOIDEA Vespertilionidae VESPERTILIONINAE EPTESICINI Eptesicus Cnephaeus bottae W. Peters 1869 1 Vesperus_Bottae Peters, W. C. H. (1869). Las Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1869, 406. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111869#page/440/mode/1up MNHN 1987-297 "Arabien." Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida, Hays, Ta'izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen. bottae (W. Peters, 1869)|innesi (Lataste, 1887)|hingstoni O. Thomas, 1919|omanensis D. L. Harrison, 1976|taftanimontis Roguin, 1988 previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications Juste, J., Benda, P., Garcia-Mudarra, J. L., & Ibanez, C. (2013). Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta, 42(5), 441-457. Egypt|Sudan?|Djibouti?|Eritrea?|Somalia?|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Oman|Yemen|United Arab Emirates|Syria|Iraq|Kuwait|Iran Africa|Asia Afrotropic|Palearctic LC 0 0 0 Eptesicus_bottae 0 sciname match Eptesicus_bottae 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Cnephaeus_bottae 1005513 23 Botta's Serotine Botta's Serotine Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yangochiroptera NA NA Vespertilionoidea Vespertilionidae Vespertilioninae Nycticeiini Cnephaeus NA bottae W. C. H. Peters 1 Vesperus Bottae Peters, W.C.H. 1869. Bemerkungen über neue oder weniger bekannte Flederthiere, besonders des Pariser Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869:393-408. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36276619 MNHN-ZM-MO-1987-297 holotype http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1987-297 "Arabien." Restricted by I. A. Nader and D. Kock in 1990 to the area between Hodeida, Hays, Ta'izz and Al Mukha, south-western Yemen. previously included E. anatolicus and E. ognevi, which have all been included under E. serotinus in some publications; moved from Eptesicus to Cnephaeus Juste, J., Benda, P., Garcia-Mudarra, J. L., & Ibanez, C. (2013). Phylogeny and systematics of Old World serotine bats (genus Eptesicus, Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera): an integrative approach. Zoologica Scripta, 42(5), 441-457.|Cláudio, V. C., Novaes, R. L., Gardner, A. L., Nogueira, M. R., Wilson, D. E., Maldonado, J. E., ... & Moratelli, R. (2023). Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World Eptesicus and Histiotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus. Zoologia (Curitiba), 40, e22029. Egypt|Sudan?|Djibouti?|Eritrea?|Somalia?|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Oman|Yemen|United Arab Emirates|Syria|Iraq|Kuwait|Iran Africa|Asia Afrotropic|Palearctic LC (as Eptesicus bottae) 0 0 0 Eptesicus_bottae 0 sciname match Eptesicus_bottae 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Vespertilionidae Cnephaeus bottae Peters 1869 1 Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1875:46:00 Botta's Serotine hingstoni Thomas, 1919; innesi Lataste, 1887; omanensis Harrison, 1976; taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988. Yemen. Rhodes (Greece), Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, east to Mongolia, NW China, and Pakistan. Not Listed Least Concern as Eptesicus bottae Does not include sodalis; see Gaisler (1970). Does not include ognevi; see Juste et al.(2012). Does not include anatolicus; see Hanák et al. (2001), Benda et al. (2006), Mayer et al. (2007), and Juste et al. (2012). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Juste et al. (2012) for a recent molecular analysis. Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Eptesicus bottae; Eptesicus bottae; Eptesicus bottae; Eptesicus bottae; Eptesicus bottae; Eptesicus bottae; bottae; anatolicus; hingstoni; innesi; ognevi; omanensis; taftanimontis; bottae; hingstoni; innesi; omanensis; taftanimontis; hingstoni; innesi; omanensis; taftanimontis; bottae; innesi; hingstoni; omanensis; taftanimontis; Sérotine de Botta; Botta-Breitflligelfledermaus; Eptesicus de Botta; Botta's Serotine Bat; Botta's Serotine; Botta's Serotine Bat; Botta's Serotine; Botta's Serotine; E. bottae