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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1600	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida teniotis		[MSW2] Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984). Includes insignis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989) and Yoshiyuki et al. (1989).; [MSW3] teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies. Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan (China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen and Wilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).; [HMW] Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque, 1814 , Sicily , Italy . Based largely on color differences, many authors have divided populations into two subspecies.: nominate: teniotis nu of Europe and the Maghreb; and race rueppellii of Asia andeastern North Africa. However, as summarized by P. Benda and coworkers in 2008, series from throughout the range of the species show co-occurrence of distinct color morphs and also intermediates, suggesting that the species should be considered monotypic pending further evidence. Populations from Japan , Taiwan , and Korea formerly included in T. teniotis are now separated as a distinct species, 1. insignis . Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii. ; [IUCN] Populations in Japan, Taiwan and Korea are now treated as a separate species, T. insignis (Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023]  teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii. ; [batnames2025_1.7] teniotisspecies group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis,see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii.						cestoni, cinerea, coecata, insignis, latouchei, nigrogriseus, rueppellii, savii.	insignis, teniotis	teniotis, rueppelli	cestoni, nigrogriseus, savii			teniotis, rueppellii	teniotis - cestoni, nigrogriseus, savii	teniotis, cestonii, ruepellii, savii, nigrogriseus, midas	Populations in Japan, Taiwan and Korea are now treated as a separate species, T. insignis (Simmons 2005).	teniotis, rueppellii	teniotis - cestoni, nigrogriseus, savii	teniotis, cestonii, ruepellii, savii, nigrogriseus, midas	teniotis, cestonii, cestoni, rueppellii, ruppelii, ruppellii, savii, nigrogrisea, rueppelii, taeniotis, rueppellii, rueppelli	rueppellii, teniotis 	teniotis - cestoni, nigrogriseus, savii	teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)|cestonii (Savi, 1825)|cestoni (A. G. Desmarest, 1826) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|rueppellii (Temminck, 1826) [as emended]|ruppelii (Lesson, 1827) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|rueppelii (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|taeniotis (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|ruppellii (Lesson, 1836) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|rueppelli (J. E. Gray, 1838) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|savii (H. R. Schinz, 1840) [nomen novum]|nigrogrisea (Schneider, 1871)|taeniatus (Weber, 1928) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|rueppellii Qumsiyeh, 1985 [justified emendation]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	European free-tailed bat	S Europe, N Africa – N India, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Tadarida teniotis	Italy, Sicily.	Rafinesque	1814	Precis Som., p. 12.	Distribution: Ranging from the Ca- naries and Madeira through southern Europe, northern Africa, and southern Palearctic Asia to Japan and southern China.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	European free-tailed bat	S Europe, Madeira, Canary Is, N Africa – N India, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Rafinesque	1814	Precis Som., p. 12.	Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984). Includes insignis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989) and Yoshiyuki et al. (1989).	France, Portugal and Morocco to Japan, S China, and Taiwan; Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isis (Spain).	Italy, Sicily.		RAFINESQUE	1814	Ears barely joined. Basisphenoid pits of medium depth. Wing tips relatively broad. Outer lower incisor present. Anterior upper premolar unreduced. Upper lip wrinkles well developed but relatively few in number. Rostrum relatively narrow. Size relatively large (forearm length, 54-64 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from the Canaries and Madeira through southern Europe, northern Africa, and southern Palearctic Asia to Japan and southern China.	Two subspecies are currently recognized:	T. t. insignis (eastern Asia to northeastern India), T. t. teniotis (Central Asia west).	139	species	T. teniotis	RAFINESQUE	1814	Tadarida	genus	Tadarida teniotis				Ears barely joined. Basisphenoid pits of medium depth. Wing tips relatively broad. Outer lower incisor present. Anterior upper premolar unreduced. Upper lip wrinkles well developed but relatively few in number. Rostrum relatively narrow. Size relatively large (forearm length, 54-64 mm).	Two subspecies are currently recognized:		3. T. teniotis (RAFINESQUE 1814) [teniotis group].	3	_T. t. rueppellii_ (Temminck, 1826); _T. t. teniotis_ (Rafinesque, 1814) (synonyms: _cestonii_ (Savi, 1825), _midas_ (Sundevall, 1843), _nigrogrisea_ (Schneider, 1871), _savii_ (Schinz, 1840))			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida		teniotis	Rafinesque	y	1814		Prícis Som.			12		European Free-tailed Bat	Italy, Sicily.	France, Spain, and Portugal south to Morocco and Algeria, east through Tunisia, Libya, Israel, Jordan, W Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan to W Bengal (India), Yunnan (China), and Flores (Indonesia); Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isls (Spain).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	cestoni Savi, 1825; nigrogriseus Schneider, 1871; savii Schinz, 1840; rueppelli Temminck, 1826.	teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies. Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan (China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen and Wilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	194287C9FF93BA3FB4A3F52FB337F5CF	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	664	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF91BA3EB1B7FA55B1B9F599.xml	Tadarida teniotis	Molossidae	Tadarida	teniotis		1814	Tadaride de Cestoni @fr | Européaische Bulldogfledermaus @de | Murciélago rabudo @es	Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque, 1814 , Sicily , Italy . Based largely on color differences, many authors have divided populations into two subspecies.: nominate: teniotis nu of Europe and the Maghreb; and race rueppellii of Asia andeastern North Africa. However, as summarized by P. Benda and coworkers in 2008, series from throughout the range of the species show co-occurrence of distinct color morphs and also intermediates, suggesting that the species should be considered monotypic pending further evidence. Populations from Japan , Taiwan , and Korea formerly included in T. teniotis are now separated as a distinct species, 1. insignis . Monotypic.	Widespread in Mediterranean Basin from Iberian Peninsula and associated Is E through S Europe to Balkans, Caucasus, and Middle East; in North Africa in Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , and Egypt as far S as S Sinai ; from Middle East, range continues patchily E into regions surrounding Black and Caspian seas, including Iran , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , SE Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , and Afghanistan , and then finally in two isolated populations in E Nepal and N Myanmar ; also Canary Is.	Head-body ¢.82-87 mm,tail 37-57 mm, ear 25-33 mm, hindfoot 10-14 mm, forearm 56-64 mm; weight 20-40 g. Pelage varies considerably from ashy gray to brownish gray to reddish brown above, with no spots,flecking or frosting; paler below from very pale brown to creamy, with no mid-ventral markings and no ventral flank-stripe of contrasting color. Upperlip has four well-defined wrinkles on each side and comparatively few spoon-hairs. Ears are blackish, relatively large (extending well beyond snout when laid forward); inner margins only just meet on forehead to form V-shaped valley. Tragusis short, concealed by antitragus, which is large and subrectangular. Interaural crest and gular gland are absent. Wing and interfemoral membranes are blackish. Ventral sides of forearms and legs are naked and blackish. Foot has plantar pad on sole. Head is not extremely flattened. Palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are moderate. There are three lower incisors on each side (cf. only two in other African Tadarida , Mops , and Chaerephon ). Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3(x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FNa = 76.	Temperate to semi-desert habitats, preferring rocky habitats in North Africa. The European Free-tailed Bat occurs from sea level up to 3100 m .	European Free-tailed Bats are aerial foragers, feeding at heights of 10 m to well over 100 m . In France , Israel , and Kyrgyzstan diet comprised mostly moths (up to 88% by volume), beetles (up to 27%), neuropterans (up to 24%), and hemipterans (up to 12%). On Sinai, based on six alimentary tracts, moths were also dominant in the diet (60% by volume), along with heteropterans (15%) and orthopterans (12%) but beetles were not represented. The species can exploit tympanate insects by having a lowfrequency (audible) echolocation call that avoids the hearing sensitivity of tympanate insects.	In Europe and Lebanon , the European Free-tailed Bat shows restricted seasonal monoestry, giving birth to a single young around June.	European Free-tailed Bats are nocturnal and roost in crevices in rocky outcrops, cliffs, and quarries, as well as in artificial roosts such as buildings and bridges. In Europe, activity starts later than in other species (39-65 minutes after sunset) and lasts for 10 hours without periods of rest. Echolocation calls typically have peak frequency of 11-6 kHz, narrow bandwidth (12-18 kHz), and long duration (15 milliseconds). Predators include falcons and owls.	European Free-tailed Bats typically forage 5-15 km from their roost sites. They roost in groups typically of a few dozens, although varying from solitary individuals (normally males) to maternity colonies of up to 160 bats. In communal roosts, each individual usually defends a small territory against intruders by making loud vocalizations.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Arlettaz (1990) | Arlettaz, Ruchet et al. (2000) | Benda & Piraccini (2016) | Benda, Dietz et al. (2008) | Ibanez & Arlettaz (2013) | Rydell & Arlettaz (1994) | Whitaker et al. (1994)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567920/files/figure.png	107. European Free-tailed Bat Tadarida teniotis French: Tadaride de Cestoni / German: Européaische Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago rabudo Taxonomy. Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque, 1814 , Sicily , Italy . Based largely on color differences, many authors have divided populations into two subspecies.: nominate: teniotis nu of Europe and the Maghreb; and race rueppellii of Asia andeastern North Africa. However, as summarized by P. Benda and coworkers in 2008, series from throughout the range of the species show co-occurrence of distinct color morphs and also intermediates, suggesting that the species should be considered monotypic pending further evidence. Populations from Japan , Taiwan , and Korea formerly included in T. teniotis are now separated as a distinct species, 1. insignis . Monotypic. Distribution. Widespread in Mediterranean Basin from Iberian Peninsula and associated Is E through S Europe to Balkans, Caucasus, and Middle East; in North Africa in Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , Libya , and Egypt as far S as S Sinai ; from Middle East, range continues patchily E into regions surrounding Black and Caspian seas, including Iran , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , SE Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , and Afghanistan , and then finally in two isolated populations in E Nepal and N Myanmar ; also Canary Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body ¢.82-87 mm,tail 37-57 mm, ear 25-33 mm, hindfoot 10-14 mm, forearm 56-64 mm; weight 20-40 g. Pelage varies considerably from ashy gray to brownish gray to reddish brown above, with no spots,flecking or frosting; paler below from very pale brown to creamy, with no mid-ventral markings and no ventral flank-stripe of contrasting color. Upperlip has four well-defined wrinkles on each side and comparatively few spoon-hairs. Ears are blackish, relatively large (extending well beyond snout when laid forward); inner margins only just meet on forehead to form V-shaped valley. Tragusis short, concealed by antitragus, which is large and subrectangular. Interaural crest and gular gland are absent. Wing and interfemoral membranes are blackish. Ventral sides of forearms and legs are naked and blackish. Foot has plantar pad on sole. Head is not extremely flattened. Palatal emargination is wide, and basisphenoid pits are moderate. There are three lower incisors on each side (cf. only two in other African Tadarida , Mops , and Chaerephon ). Dental formula is 11/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3(x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FNa = 76. Habitat. Temperate to semi-desert habitats, preferring rocky habitats in North Africa. The European Free-tailed Bat occurs from sea level up to 3100 m . Food and Feeding. European Free-tailed Bats are aerial foragers, feeding at heights of 10 m to well over 100 m . In France , Israel , and Kyrgyzstan diet comprised mostly moths (up to 88% by volume), beetles (up to 27%), neuropterans (up to 24%), and hemipterans (up to 12%). On Sinai, based on six alimentary tracts, moths were also dominant in the diet (60% by volume), along with heteropterans (15%) and orthopterans (12%) but beetles were not represented. The species can exploit tympanate insects by having a lowfrequency (audible) echolocation call that avoids the hearing sensitivity of tympanate insects. Breeding. In Europe and Lebanon , the European Free-tailed Bat shows restricted seasonal monoestry, giving birth to a single young around June. Activity patterns. European Free-tailed Bats are nocturnal and roost in crevices in rocky outcrops, cliffs, and quarries, as well as in artificial roosts such as buildings and bridges. In Europe, activity starts later than in other species (39-65 minutes after sunset) and lasts for 10 hours without periods of rest. Echolocation calls typically have peak frequency of 11-6 kHz, narrow bandwidth (12-18 kHz), and long duration (15 milliseconds). Predators include falcons and owls. Movements, Home range and Social organization. European Free-tailed Bats typically forage 5-15 km from their roost sites. They roost in groups typically of a few dozens, although varying from solitary individuals (normally males) to maternity colonies of up to 160 bats. In communal roosts, each individual usually defends a small territory against intruders by making loud vocalizations. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Arlettaz (1990), Arlettaz, Ruchet et al. (2000), Benda & Piraccini (2016), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Ibanez & Arlettaz (2013), Rydell & Arlettaz (1994), Whitaker et al. (1994).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Tadarida teniotis	Tadarida		teniotis	Rafinesque	1814	1	Pr&iacute;cis Som.	p. 12	European Free-tailed Bat	 cestoni Savi, 1825; nigrogriseus Schneider, 1871; savii Schinz, 1840; <b> rueppellii </b>Temminck, 1826.	Italy, Sicily.	France, Spain, and Portugal south to Morocco and Algeria, east through Tunisia, Libya, Israel, Jordan, W Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan to W Bengal (India), Yunnan (China), and Flores (Indonesia); Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isls (Spain).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii. 	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Tadarida teniotis	23	European Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	teniotis	Rafinesque	1814	1						Sicily, Italy.			teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)|cestonii (Savi, 1825)|ruepellii (Temminck, 1827)|savii (Schinz, 1840)|nigrogriseus (Schneider, 1871)|midas (Schulz, 1897)	NA	NA	Canary Islands|Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Libya|Egypt|Portugal|Spain|France|Switzerland|Italy|Malta|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|Albania|North Macedonia|Bulgaria|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|India|Bhutan|Myanmar|China?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Tadarida_teniotis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_teniotis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	21311	Tadarida teniotis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Tadarida	teniotis	(Rafinesque, 1814)	Populations in Japan, Taiwan and Korea are now treated as a separate species, T. insignis (Simmons 2005).	20000000	Tadarida teniotis	Least Concern		2016	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is widely distributed over a large extent of occurrence. It occurs in urban areas and forages in other modified habitats. Population trends are not known, but are not believed to approach the threshold for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List. Consequently it is assessed as Least Concern.	It usually forages at 10 to 50 m above the ground over temperate to semi-desert habitats, although it also occurs in humid habitats in some areas (e.g., Turkey: A. Altiparmak pers. comm. 2005). It feeds on aerial drifts of insects including moths and neuropterans. Summer and winter roosts: fissures and hollows in rock outcrops, quarries and cliffs. Common in some urban areas, roosts also in artificial structures including bridges and buildings. In North Africa it prefers rocky habitats and is not found in caves. The species is probably sedentary in Europe (Hutterer et al. 2005), although it may be a partial migrant in North Africa (GMA Africa Workshop 2004).	It is negatively affected by disturbance and loss of roosts in buildings, and by use of pesticides. It is also potentially threatened by wind farms (GMA Europe Workshop 2006), and deforestation affects the species in some parts of its range (Z. Amr pers. comm. 2005). However, none of these are considered to be major threats at present.	It is a common species in suitable habitats. Summer and winter colonies typically number 5-100 individuals, although colonies of up to 300-400 animals have been recorded. It is probably sedentary, although seasonal in some areas (e.g., Malta). It is not abundant in the Caucasus, nor is it highly gregarious - large colonies are not known in this region (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm. 2005). There are only six records for Iran, however, there have not been extensive survey efforts there (M. Sharifi pers. comm. 2005).	Unknown	It is mainly a Palaearctic species, although the south-eastern edge of its range extends into the Indomalayan region. It is well known in the Mediterranean basin, occurring from Portugal, Spain eastwards through southern Europe to the Balkans, Turkey, Israel, Palestine and Jordan. In North Africa it has been recorded from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt (with recent records from southern Sinai, Benda et al. 2008). In Algeria, a single male specimen was found in Tamanrasset, suggesting that this species may occur in a broader area within the country (Bendjeddou et al. ;2014). ;It is possibly present on Madeira (to Portugal) as there was a supposed old record, but it has not been recorded from there again. It occurs on all the Canary Islands (to Spain) except for Fuerteventura and Lanzarote. It is also recorded from a number of Mediterranean islands (Hutson 1999, Simmons 2005). ;Eight calls amenable to this species have also been detected in Crimea by Uhrin et al. ; (2009), but no other records support the presence of the European Free-tailed Bat in the peninsula in the last 120 years. Populations in Japan, Taiwan and Korea are now considered to be a separate species, T. insignis (Simmons 2005). It occurs from sea level to 3,100 m.		Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in a number of range states, and receives international legal protection through the Bonn Convention (Appendix II and Eurobats Agreement) and Bern Convention in parts of its range where these apply. It occurs in a number of protected areas across its range.	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Tadarida		teniotis	Rafinesque	1814	1	Pr&iacute;cis Som.	p. 12	European Free-tailed Bat	 cestoni Savi, 1825; nigrogriseus Schneider, 1871; savii Schinz, 1840; <b> rueppellii </b>Temminck, 1826.	Italy, Sicily.	France, Spain, and Portugal south to Morocco and Algeria, east through Tunisia, Libya, Israel, Jordan, W Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan to W Bengal (India), Yunnan (China), and Flores (Indonesia); Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isls (Spain).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii. 	Tadarida teniotis	1005267	23	European Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	teniotis	Rafinesque	1814	1						Sicily, Italy.			teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814)|cestonii (Savi, 1825)|ruepellii (Temminck, 1827)|savii (Schinz, 1840)|nigrogriseus (Schneider, 1871)|midas (Schulz, 1897)	NA	NA				Canary Islands|Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Libya|Egypt|Portugal|Spain|France|Switzerland|Italy|Malta|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|Albania|North Macedonia|Bulgaria|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|India|Bhutan|Myanmar|China?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Tadarida_teniotis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_teniotis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Tadarida_teniotis	1005267	23	European Free-tailed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Tadarida	NA	teniotis	Rafinesque	1	Cephalotes teniotis	Rafinesque, C.S. 1814. Précis des découvertes somiologiques ou zoologiques et botaniques de C.S. Rafinesque. Aux dépens de l'Auteur, Palermo, 55 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5282848				Sicily, Italy.			NA	NA				Canary Islands|Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Libya|Egypt|Portugal|Spain|France|Switzerland|Italy|Malta|Croatia|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Montenegro|Serbia|Kosovo|Albania|North Macedonia|Bulgaria|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Saudi Arabia|Russia|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Iran|Turkmenistan|Uzbekistan|Kazakhstan|Kyrgyzstan|Tajikistan|Afghanistan|India?|Bhutan|Myanmar|China?	Africa|Asia|Europe	Palearctic|Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Tadarida_teniotis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_teniotis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Tadarida		teniotis	Rafinesque	1814	1	Pr&iacute;cis Som.	p. 12	European Free-tailed Bat	cestoni Savi, 1825; nigrogriseus Schneider, 1871; savii Schinz, 1840; rueppellii Temminck, 1826.	Italy, Sicily.	France, Spain, and Portugal south to Morocco and Algeria, east through Tunisia, Libya, Israel, Jordan, W Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan to W Bengal (India), Yunnan (China), and Flores (Indonesia); Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isls (Spain).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21311/22114995/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	teniotisspecies group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies.Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan(China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis,see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen andWilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). See Benda etal. (2008) for discussion of the validity of rueppellii.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Tadarida teniotis; Tadarida teniotis; Tadarida teniotis; Tadarida teniotis; Tadarida teniotis; Tadarida teniotis; teniotis; rueppelli; cestoni; nigrogriseus; savii; rueppellii; cestoni; nigrogriseus; savii; teniotis; cestonii; ruepellii; savii; nigrogriseus; midas; Tadaride de Cestoni; Européaische Bulldogfledermaus; Murciélago rabudo; European Free-tailed Bat; European Free-tailed Bat; European Free-tailed Bat; T. teniotis