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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1597	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Tadarida teniotis [synonym of]	Tadarida teniotis insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida insignis		[MSW3] teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) is somewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis.; [HMW] Nyctinomus insignis Blyth, 1862 , Amoy [= Xiamen],” south-eastern Fujian Province , China . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis. ; [IUCN] This species was considered a synonym of T. teniotis by Dobson (1874), but was elevated to species status by Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1965) (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) considered insignis , coecata , and latouchei to be subspecies of teniotis , but here we follow Smith and Xie (2008) and consider insignis and latouchei as valid species, but leave T. coecata Thomas, 1922 as a synonym of T. insignis due to the difficulty in determining its status (Kock 1999). If it were to be elevated to species status in the future, records from Yunnan and Sichuan may need to be reexamined. The teniotis species group of which this species is part, is in need of taxonomic revision.; [batnames2023]  teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis. ; [batnames2025_1.7] teniotisspecies group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis.									chinensis, cinerea, coecata, septentrionalis			insignis 	insignis - chinensis, cinerea, coecata, septentrionalis	insignis, chinensis, coecata, septentrionalis, cinerea	This species was considered a synonym of T. teniotis by Dobson (1874), but was elevated to species status by Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1965) (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) considered insignis , coecata , and latouchei to be subspecies of teniotis , but here we follow Smith and Xie (2008) and consider insignis and latouchei as valid species, but leave T. coecata Thomas, 1922 as a synonym of T. insignis due to the difficulty in determining its status (Kock 1999). If it were to be elevated to species status in the future, records from Yunnan and Sichuan may need to be reexamined. The teniotis species group of which this species is part, is in need of taxonomic revision.	insignis 	insignis - chinensis, cinerea, coecata, septentrionalis	insignis, chinensis, coecata, septentrionalis, cinerea	insignis, chinensis, coecata, septentrionalis, cinerea	insignis 	insignis - chinensis, cinerea, coecata, septentrionalis	insignis (E. Blyth, 1862)|chinensis (Westwood, 1874) [nomen nudum]|coecata O. Thomas, 1922|septentrionalis Kishida & Mori, 1931 [nomen nudum]|cinerea Gubareff, 1941						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Tadarida insignis	Tadarida		insignis	Blyth		1862		J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	30		90		East Asian Free-tailed Bat	China, Fukien (= Fujian), Amoy.	Japan, Taiwan, Korea, S China.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	chinensis Westwood, 1874; cinerea Gubareff, 1939; coecata Thomas, 1922; septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum].	teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) is somewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis.	194287C9FF8CBA20B482F5FEB6BEF840	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	666	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FF93BA20B1BEF06EB11EFD9F.xml	Tadarida insignis	Molossidae	Tadarida	insignis	Blyth	1862	Tadaride d’Asie @fr | Ostasiatische Bulldogfledermaus @de | Murciélago rabudo de Asia @es | Oriental Free-tailed Bat @en	Nyctinomus insignis Blyth, 1862 , Amoy [= Xiamen],” south-eastern Fujian Province , China . This species is monotypic.	Widespread through C & S China , Taiwan I, Korean Peninsula, SE Russian Far East, and Japan .	Head-body 82-102 mm, tail 48-60 mm, ear 31-34 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm (with claw), forearm 57-65 mm; weight 15-20 g. Fur is dense and velvety and hairs in middle of back are 8-10 mm long; dorsalfuris black-gray with slightly frosted appearance in some lights because bases are paler than tips; ventral fur is gray or white-gray. Lip is wrinkled and muzzle projects beyond upperlip to generate an “overbite” appearance. There are horny excrescences on rhinarium. Ears are very large, project anteriorly beyond eyes and face, and are joined at anterior bases. Braincase is high, and palatal emargination is deep, longer than wide. Dental formula 8512/3, C1/1,P 2/2 M3/3 (52) = 32.	Woodlands and agricultural lands.	The East Asian Free-tailed Bat is an aerial insectivore, foraging in open spaces above woodlands, agriculture, and open water. Diet comprises a large proportion of Lepidoptera , which conforms to expected consumption of soft-bodied prey based on skull morphology.	In Japan , maternity colonies comprising several hundred adult and subadult females and subadult males exist from May to September, with births between July and August.	Roosts are known from caves and crevices in large rocks facing the sea. In Japan and Taiwan , East Asian Free-tailed Bats are occasionally synanthropic, roosting in buildings. In Japan during summer, East Asian Free-tailed Bats emerged ¢.30 minutes after sunset, and most bats seldom returned to the roosts until just before sunrise. Echolocation calls are very low-frequency narrowband, in which an initial shallow FM sweep leads to a longer QCF component. Calls are often audible, with a frequency of maximum energy at 13-5-15-3 kHz.	The East Asian Free-tailed Bat has been found hibernating in Japan and is likely to doso elsewhere, but hibernacula have not been described. In Japan , it has also been observed foraging during winter. It flies fast and high, and probably disperses to forage several kilometers from the roost. It appears to be a gregarious species, living in colonies of several hundred individuals. A large colony of 500 individuals roosted in the space between inner and outer walls of a school house. It forms distinct maternity colonies.	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Although it has been recorded over a very wide area, there is very little information on population status, threats, ecological and habitat requirements, and the species is poorly known. Cave disturbance, tourism, and quarrying threaten the species in China .	Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017) | Freeman (1981) | Funakoshi & Yamamoto (2001) | Maeda et al. (2008) | Ohdachi et al. (2009) | Smith & Xie Yan (2008) | Yoshiyuki (1989)	https://zenodo.org/record/6567932/files/figure.png	112. East Asian Free-tailed Bat Tadarida insignis French: Tadaride d’Asie / German: Ostasiatische Bulldogfledermaus / Spanish: Murciélago rabudo de Asia Other common names: Oriental Free-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Nyctinomus insignis Blyth, 1862 , Amoy [= Xiamen],” south-eastern Fujian Province , China . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Widespread through C & S China , Taiwan I, Korean Peninsula, SE Russian Far East, and Japan . Descriptive notes. Head-body 82-102 mm, tail 48-60 mm, ear 31-34 mm, hindfoot 10-15 mm (with claw), forearm 57-65 mm; weight 15-20 g. Fur is dense and velvety and hairs in middle of back are 8-10 mm long; dorsalfuris black-gray with slightly frosted appearance in some lights because bases are paler than tips; ventral fur is gray or white-gray. Lip is wrinkled and muzzle projects beyond upperlip to generate an “overbite” appearance. There are horny excrescences on rhinarium. Ears are very large, project anteriorly beyond eyes and face, and are joined at anterior bases. Braincase is high, and palatal emargination is deep, longer than wide. Dental formula 8512/3, C1/1,P 2/2 M3/3 (52) = 32. Habitat. Woodlands and agricultural lands. Food and Feeding. The East Asian Free-tailed Bat is an aerial insectivore, foraging in open spaces above woodlands, agriculture, and open water. Diet comprises a large proportion of Lepidoptera , which conforms to expected consumption of soft-bodied prey based on skull morphology. Breeding. In Japan , maternity colonies comprising several hundred adult and subadult females and subadult males exist from May to September, with births between July and August. Activity patterns. Roosts are known from caves and crevices in large rocks facing the sea. In Japan and Taiwan , East Asian Free-tailed Bats are occasionally synanthropic, roosting in buildings. In Japan during summer, East Asian Free-tailed Bats emerged ¢.30 minutes after sunset, and most bats seldom returned to the roosts until just before sunrise. Echolocation calls are very low-frequency narrowband, in which an initial shallow FM sweep leads to a longer QCF component. Calls are often audible, with a frequency of maximum energy at 13-5-15-3 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The East Asian Free-tailed Bat has been found hibernating in Japan and is likely to doso elsewhere, but hibernacula have not been described. In Japan , it has also been observed foraging during winter. It flies fast and high, and probably disperses to forage several kilometers from the roost. It appears to be a gregarious species, living in colonies of several hundred individuals. A large colony of 500 individuals roosted in the space between inner and outer walls of a school house. It forms distinct maternity colonies. Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Although it has been recorded over a very wide area, there is very little information on population status, threats, ecological and habitat requirements, and the species is poorly known. Cave disturbance, tourism, and quarrying threaten the species in China . Bibliography. Cheng Hsichi et al. (2017), Freeman (1981), Funakoshi & Yamamoto (2001), Maeda et al. (2008), Ohdachi et al. (2009), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Yoshiyuki (1989).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Tadarida insignis	Tadarida		insignis	Blyth	1862	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	31:30:00	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	 chinensis Westwood, 1874; cinerea Gubareff, 1939; coecata Thomas, 1922; septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [ nomen nudum ].	China, Fukien (= Fujian), Amoy.	Japan, Taiwan, Korea, S China.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis. 	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Tadarida insignis	23	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	Oriental Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	insignis	Blyth	1862	1	Nyctinomus_insignis	Blyth, E. (1862). Report of Curator, Zoological Department, May and June. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 30, 90.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709#page/102/mode/1up	ZSI 15604		Amoy [= Xiamen]," south-eastern Fujian Province, China.			insignis (Blyth, 1862)|chinensis (Westwood, 1874)|coecata O. Thomas, 1922|septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum]|cinerea Gubareff, 1939	NA	NA	Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_insignis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_insignis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136716	Tadarida insignis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Tadarida	insignis	Blyth, 1862	This species was considered a synonym of T. teniotis by Dobson (1874), but was elevated to species status by Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1965) (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) considered insignis , coecata , and latouchei to be subspecies of teniotis , but here we follow Smith and Xie (2008) and consider insignis and latouchei as valid species, but leave T. coecata Thomas, 1922 as a synonym of T. insignis due to the difficulty in determining its status (Kock 1999). If it were to be elevated to species status in the future, records from Yunnan and Sichuan may need to be reexamined. The teniotis species group of which this species is part, is in need of taxonomic revision.	20000000	Tadarida insignis	Data Deficient		2019	2018-08-07 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is confirmed as Data Deficient since, although it has been recorded over a very wide area. There is very little information on the population status, threats, ecological and habitat requirements.	This species roosts in rock crevices and in the narrow spaces between inner and outer walls of a building (Sano 2015, Cheng et al. 2017b). It is has been reported roosting in caves in China (Smith and Xie 2013) and abandoned tunnel from a small islet near Taiwan (Chen, S.-F. pers. com.). Adults and sub-adult females and sub-adult males form a maternity colony of several to hundreds individuals from May to September (Funakoshi et al. 1999). Parturitions occur in July and August (Funakoshi 1999). Individuals have been observed drinking water from a artificial lake when emergent from a roost on a small island (Chen, S.-F. pers. com.).	Habitat loss resulting from cave destruction due to tourism projects and stone quarrying may be a threat to this species. In Japan, the largest population of more than 500 bats had roosted at the schoolhouse in Hiroshima Pref., western Honshu, disappeared after reconstruction work.	This species is characterized as rare in Japan (Funakoshi and Matsumura 1990) and in low abundance in Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017b). Total population size for Japan is unknown, but recently five breeding colonies have been found. There are no data regarding the population status for the rest of the species' distribution.	Unknown	This is a widespread species known from China, Taiwan, Japan and the Korean Peninsula. In China, it is known from the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou (Smith and Xie 2008). In Japan, it is known from Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and colonies are known from seven localities (Sano 2015, Funakoshi et al. 2016). In Taiwan, it has been recorded throughout the main island and a small offshore islet (Cheng et al. 2017b).		Terrestrial	There are no known conservation measures in place for this species. Further research is needed on the range, taxonomy, population, ecology and threats to this species. In China, it was regionally Red Listed as NT (Jiang et al. 2016). In Japan, this species has been listed as Vulnerable (Ministry of the Environment 2014). It is not protected in Taiwan (Cheng et al. 2017a).	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Tadarida		insignis	Blyth	1862	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	31:30:00	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	 chinensis Westwood, 1874; cinerea Gubareff, 1939; coecata Thomas, 1922; septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [ nomen nudum ].	China, Fukien (= Fujian), Amoy.	Japan, Taiwan, Korea, S China.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis. 	Tadarida insignis	1005264	23	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	Oriental Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Tadarida	NA	insignis	Blyth	1862	1	Nyctinomus_insignis	Blyth, E. (1862). Report of Curator, Zoological Department, May and June. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 30, 90.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207709#page/102/mode/1up	ZSI 15604		Amoy [= Xiamen]," south-eastern Fujian Province, China.			insignis (Blyth, 1862)|chinensis (Westwood, 1874)|coecata O. Thomas, 1922|septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum]|cinerea Gubareff, 1939	NA	NA				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_insignis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_insignis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Tadarida_insignis	1005264	23	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	Oriental Free-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Tadarida	NA	insignis	E. Blyth	1	Nyctinomus insignis	Blyth, E. 1862. Report of Curator, Zoological Department, May and June. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 30(1):90-98.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51028163	ZSI 15604	holotype		Amoy [= Xiamen]," south-eastern Fujian Province, China.			NA	NA				Russia|North Korea|South Korea|Japan|China|Taiwan|India	Asia	Palearctic	DD	0	0	0	Tadarida_insignis	0	sciname match	Tadarida_insignis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Tadarida		insignis	Blyth	1862	1	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	31:30:00	East Asian Free-tailed Bat	chinensis Westwood, 1874; cinerea Gubareff, 1939; coecata Thomas, 1922; septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum].	China, Fukien (= Fujian), Amoy.	Japan, Taiwan, Korea, S China.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136716/22036641/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	teniotisspecies group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000).Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) issomewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Tadarida insignis; Tadarida insignis; Tadarida insignis; Tadarida insignis; Tadarida insignis; Tadarida insignis; chinensis; cinerea; coecata; septentrionalis; chinensis; cinerea; coecata; septentrionalis; insignis; chinensis; coecata; septentrionalis; cinerea; Tadaride d’Asie; Ostasiatische Bulldogfledermaus; Murciélago rabudo de Asia; Oriental Free-tailed Bat; East Asian Free-tailed Bat; Oriental Free-tailed Bat; East Asian Free-tailed Bat; East Asian Free-tailed Bat; T. insignis