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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1580	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Sturnira lilium [synonym of]	Sturnira lilium parvidens	Sturnira lilium parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira parvidens		[HMW] Sturnira Lilium parvidens Goldman, 1917 , “Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km ] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero , Mexico .” Sturnira parvidens was considered a subspecies of S. lilium but also confused with S. luisi . Molecular and morphological analyses recognized it as distinct from other similar taxa. Monotypic.; [MDD2022] split from S. lilium; [IUCN] Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank.; [MDD2023] split from S. lilium; [MDD2025_2.0] split from S. lilium; [MDD2025_2.2] split from S. lilium														parvidens, pallida	Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank.			parvidens, pallida	parvidens, pallida			parvidens E. A. Goldman, 1917|pallida de la Torre, 1961 [unpublished thesis]						N/A																																								NA																											03A687BCFFF3FFF31691FD4AF69AF849	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	548	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFF1FFF01690FA6AFD03F08A.xml	Sturnira parvidens	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	parvidens		1917	Sturnire du Mexique @fr | Nordliche Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturnirode México @es	Sturnira Lilium parvidens Goldman, 1917 , “Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km ] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero , Mexico .” Sturnira parvidens was considered a subspecies of S. lilium but also confused with S. luisi . Molecular and morphological analyses recognized it as distinct from other similar taxa. Monotypic.	Mexico (from S Sonora on Pacific slope and C Tamaulipas on Gulf coast to S and including Yucatan Peninsula) and Central America to N Costa Rica (S limit is Cordillera de Talamanca).	Head—body 54-65 mm (tailless), ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 37-42 mm; weight 13-18 g. The Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat is small and most similar to Baker’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bakeri ) and the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. lilium ). Dorsal fur is short (3-5 mm between shoulders) and velvety, typically orange-brown, sometimes grayish or bright orange. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with narrow dark brown basal bands, wider pale gray or silver medial bands, and dark tips. Shoulders patches are deep yellow, orange, or dark red (most obvious in adult males). Ventral fur is pale brownish to reddish. Muzzle is blunt, forehead is rounded, and ears and noseleaf are short. Wing membranes are dark brown. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are densely covered with short hairs,as is free margin of tail membrane. Skull has globular braincase, with broad rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are bicuspidate, procumbent, and at least twice the height of I, and I, and I, are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by deep notch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with a subtelocentric X-chromosome (as “S. Lilium ” from Mexico ).	Tropical dry forest, semideciduous lowland forests, pre-montane rainforests, secondary forests, and plantations of coffee, and other fruits from lowlands to elevations of ¢. 1600 m .	The Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat has a predominantly frugivorous diet, eating fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and species of Solanaceae and Melastomataceae . It is attracted to banana fruits in Mexico . Apparently, its diet includes some pollen and nectar because several individuals in Costa Rica were found carrying several types of pollen. A long-term study in Panama and Costa Rica found no evidence of insects in stomach contents, although some remains were detected in samples from Mexico .	Throughout its extensive distribution, pregnant Northern Yellow-shouldered Bats have been recorded in every month of the year. In Mexico, records of pregnant females come from May-June and August in Sinaloa and Yucatan. In Costa Rica , birth peaks have been recorded in February-March and June-July.	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. They are rarely found at a roost, and most ofthe captures are in mist nets, maybe suggesting continuous activity through most of the night. They roost in cavities in large trees, vine tangles, and small holes in tree branches and among palm leaves.	Banding and recapture studies in Costa Rica suggest the Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat have comparatively small home ranges and tend to be sedentary. In Panama ,it was captured on mist nets on the ground or in canopies, without significant differences. It can be locally common in some specific areas and habitats. In Costa Rica , it showed no significant differences in seasonal abundance throughout the year.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Given its wide distribution and habitat flexibility, its conservation status might be stable.	Baker (1967) | Fleming et al. (1972) | Gannon et al. (1989) | Gardner (20089) | Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017) | Reid (2009) | Sdnchez-Hernandez & Romero-Almaraz (2003) | Sénchez-Hernandez et al. (1986) | Stoner (2001) | Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458878/files/figure.png	136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira parvidens French: Sturnire du Mexique / German: Nordliche Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de México Taxonomy. Sturnira Lilium parvidens Goldman, 1917 , “Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km ] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero , Mexico .” Sturnira parvidens was considered a subspecies of S. lilium but also confused with S. luisi . Molecular and morphological analyses recognized it as distinct from other similar taxa. Monotypic. Distribution. Mexico (from S Sonora on Pacific slope and C Tamaulipas on Gulf coast to S and including Yucatan Peninsula) and Central America to N Costa Rica (S limit is Cordillera de Talamanca). Descriptive notes. Head—body 54-65 mm (tailless), ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 37-42 mm; weight 13-18 g. The Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat is small and most similar to Baker’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bakeri ) and the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. lilium ). Dorsal fur is short (3-5 mm between shoulders) and velvety, typically orange-brown, sometimes grayish or bright orange. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with narrow dark brown basal bands, wider pale gray or silver medial bands, and dark tips. Shoulders patches are deep yellow, orange, or dark red (most obvious in adult males). Ventral fur is pale brownish to reddish. Muzzle is blunt, forehead is rounded, and ears and noseleaf are short. Wing membranes are dark brown. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are densely covered with short hairs,as is free margin of tail membrane. Skull has globular braincase, with broad rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are bicuspidate, procumbent, and at least twice the height of I, and I, and I, are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by deep notch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with a subtelocentric X-chromosome (as “S. Lilium ” from Mexico ). Habitat. Tropical dry forest, semideciduous lowland forests, pre-montane rainforests, secondary forests, and plantations of coffee, and other fruits from lowlands to elevations of ¢. 1600 m . Food and Feeding. The Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat has a predominantly frugivorous diet, eating fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and species of Solanaceae and Melastomataceae . It is attracted to banana fruits in Mexico . Apparently, its diet includes some pollen and nectar because several individuals in Costa Rica were found carrying several types of pollen. A long-term study in Panama and Costa Rica found no evidence of insects in stomach contents, although some remains were detected in samples from Mexico . Breeding. Throughout its extensive distribution, pregnant Northern Yellow-shouldered Bats have been recorded in every month of the year. In Mexico, records of pregnant females come from May-June and August in Sinaloa and Yucatan. In Costa Rica , birth peaks have been recorded in February-March and June-July. Activity patterns. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. They are rarely found at a roost, and most ofthe captures are in mist nets, maybe suggesting continuous activity through most of the night. They roost in cavities in large trees, vine tangles, and small holes in tree branches and among palm leaves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Banding and recapture studies in Costa Rica suggest the Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat have comparatively small home ranges and tend to be sedentary. In Panama ,it was captured on mist nets on the ground or in canopies, without significant differences. It can be locally common in some specific areas and habitats. In Costa Rica , it showed no significant differences in seasonal abundance throughout the year. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Given its wide distribution and habitat flexibility, its conservation status might be stable. Bibliography. Baker (1967), Fleming et al. (1972), Gannon et al. (1989), Gardner (20089), Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017), Reid (2009), Sdnchez-Hernandez & Romero-Almaraz (2003), Sénchez-Hernandez et al. (1986), Stoner (2001), Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira parvidens	Sturnira		parvidens	Goldman	1917	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	31:56:00	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Mexico, Guerrero, Papayo (about 25 mi. norhtwest of Acapulco)		Not listed.	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira parvidens	23	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	parvidens	E. A. Goldman	1917	0	Sturnira_lilium_parvidens	Goldman, E. A. (1917). New Mammals from North and Middle America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30, 116.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3334837#page/140/mode/1up	USNM 126555		"Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero, Mexico."			parvidens E. A. Goldman, 1917|pallida de la Torre, 1961 [unavailable name]	split from S. lilium	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.	Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_parvidens	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Sturnira parvidens	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Sturnira	parvidens	Goldman, 1917	Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank.	90000000	Sturnira parvidens	Least Concern		2019	2019-02-09 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Although only distinguished a few years ago, and still in the process of a precise species delimitation, this bat is listed as Least Concern ;given the geographical and ecological amplitude it shows, and its populations remaining stable rather than at some degree of threat.	The species is present in Mesoamerican lowlands habitats, such as Tropical dry forest, semi-deciduous lowland forests and premontane rainforest. This is also present at secondary forest, and plantations of coffee, and other fruits (Gannon et al . 1989, Reid 2009). Roosts preferences include cavities in large trees, vine tangles, small holes in tree branches, and among palm leaves. ;In Mexico, records of pregnant females come from May, June and August (for Sinaloa) and May, June and August (for Yucatan). In Costa Rica, birth peaks have been recorded in February-March and June-July, accordingly this species probably breeds through the year (Sánchez-Hernández et al . 1986, Stoner 2001). Similar to other species in the genus, it has a predominantly frugivorous diet, including fruits of Piper spp., as well as Solanaceae and Melastomataceae. It has been observed attracted to banana fruits in Mexico (Reid 2009). Apparently, its diet includes some pollen and nectar, as several individuals in Costa Rica were found carrying several types of pollen ;(Gannon ;et al . 1989). In contrast, a long-term study in Panama and Costa Rica found no evidence of insects in the stomach contents, although some remains were detected in samples from Mexico (Ceballos and Oliva 2005). ;Banding and recapture studies in Costa Rica suggest this species have comparatively smaller home ranges and tend to be sedentary in activity.	So far, no specific threat has been identified in relation to this species.	It is fairly locally common in middle and high elevation tropical forests, even at transformed habitats (Gannon et al . 1989, Reid 2009).	Stable	This species ;is found from Sonora, in Mexico, on the Pacific Slope, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, on the Gulf coast southward, including the Yucatan Peninsula, to N Costa Rica. Its southern limit is the Talamanca Mountain Range (Hernández-Canchola and León-Paniagua 2017).		Terrestrial	Because of its wide geographic range, it is found at several protected areas in Middle America. It is necessary to assess some aspects of its life history through the various habitats it occupies, and to identify possible local threats.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		parvidens	Goldman	1917	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	31:56:00	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Mexico, Guerrero, Papayo (about 25 mi. norhtwest of Acapulco)		Not listed.	Least Concern		Sturnira parvidens	1005089	23	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	parvidens	E. A. Goldman	1917	0	Sturnira_lilium_parvidens	Goldman, E. A. (1917). New Mammals from North and Middle America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30, 116.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3334837#page/140/mode/1up	USNM 126555		"Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero, Mexico."			parvidens E. A. Goldman, 1917|pallida de la Torre, 1961 [unavailable name]	split from S. lilium	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.				Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_parvidens	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_parvidens	1005089	23	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	parvidens	E. A. Goldman	0	Sturnira lilium parvidens	Goldman, E.A. 1917-05-23. New mammals from North and Middle America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30:107-116.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3334922	USNM:MAMM:126555	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/333f46899-2223-45ba-b093-10c2dd00b31d	"Papayo (about 25 miles [= 40 km] northwest of Acapulco), Guerrero, Mexico."			split from S. lilium	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.				Mexico|Guatemala|Belize|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_parvidens	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		parvidens	Goldman	1917	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	31:56:00	Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Mexico, Guerrero, Papayo (about 25 mi. norhtwest of Acapulco)		<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88154376/88154380/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira parvidens; Sturnira parvidens; Sturnira parvidens; Sturnira parvidens; Sturnira parvidens; parvidens; pallida; Sturnire du Mexique; Nordliche Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturnirode México; Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat; Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. parvidens