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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1579	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Sturnira oporaphilum	N/A	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira oporaphilum		[MSW3] Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with bogotensis; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).; [HMW] Phyllostoma oporaphilum Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . Taxonomic definition of S. oporaphilum has been obscured by its use as a senior synonym of S. ludovici or as a junior synonym of S. Lilium , orjust confused with S. bogotensis . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Sturnira .  Often confused with bogotensis ; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).; [IUCN] Often confused with bogotensis (Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Sturnira .  Often confused with bogotensis ; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with bogotensis; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).							bogotensis, oporaphilum							oporaphilum	Often confused with bogotensis (Simmons 2005).			oporaphilum	oporaphilum, oporaphilum, oporophilum			oporaphilum (von Tschudi, 1844)|oporaphilum (von Tschudi, 1844) [nomen nudum]|oporaphyllum (Schmarda, 1853) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|oporophilum (Shamel, 1927) [incorrect subsequent spelling]						N/A					Distribution: Ranging through the Andean region from western Venezuela to western Bolivia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Bolivia; ref. 4.52									TSCHUDI	1844	Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size medium (forearm length, 44-48 mm; condylobasal length, 21 -22 mm). Inner upper incisors pointed, their tips not in contact.	Distribution: Ranging through the Andean region from western Venezuela to western Bolivia.	Two subspecies are here recognized:	S. o. bogotensis (Venezuela, Colombia), S. o. oporaphilum (Peru, Bolivia).	86	species	S. oporaphilum	TSCHUDI	1844	Sturnira	subgenus	Sturnira oporaphilum				Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size medium (forearm length, 44-48 mm; condylobasal length, 21 -22 mm). In- ner upper incisors pointed, their tips not in contact.	Two subspecies are here recognized:		7. S. oporaphilum (TSCHUDI 1844).	7	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	y	1844		Fauna Peruana			64		Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	Peru.	Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with bogotensis; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	03A687BCFFF1FFF01690FA6AFD03F08A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	545	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF8CFF8C1640FDA2F710FB71.xml	Sturnira oporaphilum	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	oporaphilum		1844	Sturnire de Tschudi @fr | Tschudi-Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturniro de Tschudi @es | Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat @en	Phyllostoma oporaphilum Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . Taxonomic definition of S. oporaphilum has been obscured by its use as a senior synonym of S. ludovici or as a junior synonym of S. Lilium , orjust confused with S. bogotensis . Monotypic.	E Ecuador , E Peru , Bolivia , and NW Argentina .	Head—body 66-75 mm (tailless), ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 13-17 mm, forearm 44-48 mm; weight 17-23 g. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized, similar to the Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bogotensis ) and the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. ludovici ). Dorsal fur is grayish brown, and shoulder spots are less visible, more similar to the Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat. I' project forward, and their tips are not in contact; I, are bilobate; and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect.	Tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests, mainly montane and cloudy evergreen forests; primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; and gardens and cultivated areas, such as banana, coffee, and citrus plantations, at elevations of 300-2950 m (usually 1000-2000 m). Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat prefers humid and cloudy forests.	Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is known to be frugivorous. In Bolivia and Argentina , it was observed eating fruits of Piper ( Piperaceae ), Vismia ( Hypericaceae ), and Solanum ( Solanaceae ). In Peru , it depended mostly on Cecropia ( Urticaceae ).	In Ecuador , eight female Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bats were lactating in August, and three had embryos. In Bolivia , pregnant females were captured in July— November, lactating females in June-November, and scrotal males in May-June. In Bolivia , a high number of pregnant females were observed when a high number of Solanum fruits were available.	Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. It mostly flies in interior forest or over small rivers.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is common in some places (e.g. Peru ) but rare in others (e.g. Argentina ). Its conservation status is considered stable, butit could be locally threatened because of low density and high impact in some Andean habitats throughoutits distribution.	Anderson et al. (1982) | Gardner ( 2008g) | Lee, Alvarado et al. (2006) | Maguina et al. (2012) | Moya & Arteaga (2007) | Pacheco & Patterson (1991) | Sanchez et al. (2012) | Tirira (2017)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458861/files/figure.png	126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira oporaphilum French: Sturnire de Tschudi / German: Tschudi-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Tschudi Other common names: Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat Taxonomy. Phyllostoma oporaphilum Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . Taxonomic definition of S. oporaphilum has been obscured by its use as a senior synonym of S. ludovici or as a junior synonym of S. Lilium , orjust confused with S. bogotensis . Monotypic. Distribution. E Ecuador , E Peru , Bolivia , and NW Argentina . Descriptive notes. Head—body 66-75 mm (tailless), ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 13-17 mm, forearm 44-48 mm; weight 17-23 g. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized, similar to the Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. bogotensis ) and the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. ludovici ). Dorsal fur is grayish brown, and shoulder spots are less visible, more similar to the Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat. I' project forward, and their tips are not in contact; I, are bilobate; and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect. Habitat. Tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests, mainly montane and cloudy evergreen forests; primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; and gardens and cultivated areas, such as banana, coffee, and citrus plantations, at elevations of 300-2950 m (usually 1000-2000 m). Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat prefers humid and cloudy forests. Food and Feeding. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is known to be frugivorous. In Bolivia and Argentina , it was observed eating fruits of Piper ( Piperaceae ), Vismia ( Hypericaceae ), and Solanum ( Solanaceae ). In Peru , it depended mostly on Cecropia ( Urticaceae ). Breeding. In Ecuador , eight female Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bats were lactating in August, and three had embryos. In Bolivia , pregnant females were captured in July— November, lactating females in June-November, and scrotal males in May-June. In Bolivia , a high number of pregnant females were observed when a high number of Solanum fruits were available. Activity patterns. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. It mostly flies in interior forest or over small rivers. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is common in some places (e.g. Peru ) but rare in others (e.g. Argentina ). Its conservation status is considered stable, butit could be locally threatened because of low density and high impact in some Andean habitats throughoutits distribution. Bibliography. Anderson et al. (1982), Gardner ( 2008g ), Lee, Alvarado et al. (2006), Maguina et al. (2012), Moya & Arteaga (2007), Pacheco & Patterson (1991), Sanchez et al. (2012), Tirira (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira oporaphilum	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Often confused with bogotensis ; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira oporaphilum	23	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	1844	1	Phyllostoma_oporaphilum	Tschudi, J. J. von (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, Druck und Verlag von Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 64.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/110/mode/1up	MHNN 94.2540, MHNN 94.2540A, ZMB 3083, ZSM 145 [syntypes]		Peru.			oporaphilum (Tschudi, 1844)	NA	NA	Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	sciname match	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136494	Sturnira oporaphilum	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Sturnira	oporaphilum	(Tschudi, 1844)	Often confused with bogotensis (Simmons 2005).	200000000	Sturnira oporaphilum	Least Concern		2020	2016-05-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because of its wide occurrence through a large geographic distribution. Although there is no information on specific requirements for its presence at a local scale, it shows some tolerance to habitat transformations. At the present, the impacts on the Andean forests it inhabits are not noticeable on their populations or overall distribution.	Beyond the fact that the species prefers humid montane forests over 1000 m, there is no information on habitat and ecology. Similar to other species in the genus, it is expected to be mainly frugivorous; in northern Argentina it was found to be strongly depending on Solanaceae and Piperaceae (Sánchez et al. 2012).	Similar to other Andean species it may be affected by the impact on montane forests through its range on the eastern versant of the Andes. Agricultural, small scale wood extraction and illegal crops are permanent threats in southern Peru and northern Bolivia.	Very rare in southern Argentina (R. Barquez, pers. comm.); in Bolivia is restricted to very nearly places (Anderson 1997). However, it ;appears be common at some montane forests in southeastern Peru (S. Solari, pers. comm.). It could be locally endangered because its low population density and high impact on some Andean habitats though its geographic range.	Unknown	This species is found in Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (Anderson et al. 1982; Gardner 2008). Simmons (2005) included Ecuador as part of the geographic range but that is a mistake with populations of S. ludovici ; Gardner (2008) included S. ludovici as a ;subspecies ;of ;S. oporaphilum .		Terrestrial	Because of the few data on the species (but see Sánchez et al. 2012), most research actions are needed at places where the species is still common, like southeastern Peru, to gather further data on ecology and life history. The species is present at some protected areas in Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Often confused with bogotensis ; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	Sturnira oporaphilum	1005088	23	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	1844	1	Phyllostoma_oporaphilum	Tschudi, J. J. von (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, Druck und Verlag von Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 64.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/110/mode/1up	MHNN 94.2540, MHNN 94.2540A, ZMB 3083, ZSM 145 [syntypes]		Peru.			oporaphilum (Tschudi, 1844)	NA	NA				Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	sciname match	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_oporaphilum	1005088	23	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	von Tschudi	1	Phyllostoma oporaphilum	Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844. [Part 2]. Pp. 21–76 in Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844-1845. Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 262 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40007848	MHNN 94.2540, MHNN 94.2540A, ZMB 3083, ZSM 145	syntypes		Peru.			NA	NA				Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	sciname match	Sturnira_oporaphilum	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	oporaphilum	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136494/166501281/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with bogotensis; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira oporaphilum; Sturnira oporaphilum; Sturnira oporaphilum; Sturnira oporaphilum; Sturnira oporaphilum; Sturnira oporaphilum; oporaphilum; Sturnire de Tschudi; Tschudi-Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturniro de Tschudi; Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat; Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Eastern Yellow-shouldered Bat; Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. oporaphilum