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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1577	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira mordax		[MSW2] Subgenus Sturnira, Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Jones and Carter (1976:21).; [MSW3] Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Davis et al. (1964).; [HMW] Sturnirops mordax G. G. Goodwin, 1938 , “El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad,less than halfway from San Jose to Limon , probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m ] elevation,” Cartago Province , Costa Rica . Sturnira mordax was formerly included in the genus or subgenus Sturnirops . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Sturnira .  Formerly included in Sturnirops ; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).; [IUCN] Subgenus Sturnira . Formerly included in Sturnirops .; [batnames2023] Subgenus Sturnira .  Formerly included in Sturnirops ; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).														mordax	Subgenus Sturnira . Formerly included in Sturnirops .			mordax	mordax			mordax (G. G. Goodwin, 1938)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hairy-footed bat	Costa Rica	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Sturnira mordax	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.	Goodwin	1938	Am. Mus. Novit., 976:1.	Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hairy-footed bat (Talamancan bat)	Costa Rica	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Goodwin	1938	Am. Mus. Novit., 976:1.	Subgenus Sturnira, Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Jones and Carter (1976:21).	Costa Rica, Panama.	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.		GOODWIN	1938	Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size fairly large (forearm length, 44-49 mm; condylobasal length, 22-24 mm). Skull narrow. Inner upper incisors spatulate, blunt or bifid, and more or less in contact near their broad cutting edges.	Distribution: Known only from Costa Rica.	No subspecies.		86	species	S. mordax	GOODWIN	1938	Sturnira	subgenus	Sturnira mordax				Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size fairly large (forearm length, 44-49 mm; condylobasal length, 22-24 mm). Skull narrow. In- ner upper incisors spatulate, blunt or bifid, and more or less in contact near their broad cutting edges.	No subspecies.		9. S. mordax (GOODWIN 1938).	9	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	Goodwin	y	1938		Am. Mus. Novit.	976		1		Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.	Costa Rica, Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Davis et al. (1964).	03A687BCFF8AFF8A1342F527F85DF432	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	546	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF8FFF8F168DF9D4F5F2FE61.xml	Sturnira mordax	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	mordax		1938	Sturnire de la Talamanca @fr | Talamanca-Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturniro de Talamanca @es	Sturnirops mordax G. G. Goodwin, 1938 , “El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad,less than halfway from San Jose to Limon , probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m ] elevation,” Cartago Province , Costa Rica . Sturnira mordax was formerly included in the genus or subgenus Sturnirops . Monotypic.	From NW Costa Rica (Cordillera de Guanacaste ) to Cordillera Central of W Panama .	Head-body 70-75 mm (tailless), ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 13-15 mm, forearm 43-49-4 mm; weight 24-31 g. The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized and stocky. Upperparts are usually reddish brown, occasionally gray-brown; adult males sometimes have deep red shoulder patches. Fur is long (7-9 mm) and thick. Noseleafis short and simple. Muzzle is comparatively elongated. Legs are densely haired, but feet are only lightly haired. Tail membrane is well haired and greatly reduced. I' in contact at tips is diagnostic.	Evergreen montane forest, forest edges, and also dry forest and deciduous forests at elevations of is 600-2900 m. Distribution of the Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is restricted to mountains in Costa Rica and western Panama .	The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is strongly frugivorous. It might eat pollen and nectar. Diets include fruits of Centropogon ( Campanulaceae ), Anthurium (Araceae) , Cecropia ( Urticaceae ), and Musa ( Musaceae ). Some insects have also been found in its diet. Two genera of bat flies (Megistopoda and Trichobius) are known from this species.	Pregnant Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bats have been recorded in April, and lactating females have been reported in May. They might be polyestrous.	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal.	No information.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is dependent upon very fragile habitat, but no specific threats have been identified.	Gardner (1977b) | LaVal & Fitch (1977) | Matson & McCarthy (2004) | McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico (2006) | McCarthy, Matson etal. (2005) | Reid (2009) | Rodriguez-Herrera & Pineda (2008) | Wilson (1979)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458870/files/figure.png	130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira mordax French: Sturnire de la Talamanca / German: Talamanca-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Talamanca Taxonomy. Sturnirops mordax G. G. Goodwin, 1938 , “El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad,less than halfway from San Jose to Limon , probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m ] elevation,” Cartago Province , Costa Rica . Sturnira mordax was formerly included in the genus or subgenus Sturnirops . Monotypic. Distribution. From NW Costa Rica (Cordillera de Guanacaste ) to Cordillera Central of W Panama . Descriptive notes. Head-body 70-75 mm (tailless), ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 13-15 mm, forearm 43-49-4 mm; weight 24-31 g. The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized and stocky. Upperparts are usually reddish brown, occasionally gray-brown; adult males sometimes have deep red shoulder patches. Fur is long (7-9 mm) and thick. Noseleafis short and simple. Muzzle is comparatively elongated. Legs are densely haired, but feet are only lightly haired. Tail membrane is well haired and greatly reduced. I' in contact at tips is diagnostic. Habitat. Evergreen montane forest, forest edges, and also dry forest and deciduous forests at elevations of is 600-2900 m. Distribution of the Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is restricted to mountains in Costa Rica and western Panama . Food and Feeding. The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is strongly frugivorous. It might eat pollen and nectar. Diets include fruits of Centropogon ( Campanulaceae ), Anthurium (Araceae) , Cecropia ( Urticaceae ), and Musa ( Musaceae ). Some insects have also been found in its diet. Two genera of bat flies (Megistopoda and Trichobius) are known from this species. Breeding. Pregnant Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bats have been recorded in April, and lactating females have been reported in May. They might be polyestrous. Activity patterns. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat is dependent upon very fragile habitat, but no specific threats have been identified. Bibliography. Gardner (1977b), LaVal & Fitch (1977), Matson & McCarthy (2004), McCarthy, Albuja & Alberico (2006), McCarthy, Matson etal. (2005), Reid (2009), Rodriguez-Herrera & Pineda (2008), Wilson (1979).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira mordax	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	Goodwin	1938	1	Am. Mus. Novitates	######	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.	Costa Rica, Panama.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Formerly included in Sturnirops ; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira mordax	23	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	G. G. Goodwin	1938	1	Sturnirops_mordax	Goodwin, G. G. (1938). A New Genus of Bat from Costa Rica. American Museum Novitates, 976, 1.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/3916//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0976.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	USNM 250310		"El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad, less than halfway from San Jose to Limon, probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m] elevation," Cartago Province, Costa Rica.			mordax (G. G. Goodwin, 1938)	NA	NA	Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_mordax	0	sciname match	Sturnira_mordax	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	20957	Sturnira mordax	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Sturnira	mordax	(Goodwin, 1938)	Subgenus Sturnira . Formerly included in Sturnirops .	20000000	Sturnira mordax	Least Concern		2019	2019-02-08 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because, although the species is restricted to a very limited region, it can be locally common, its populations remain stable and several protected areas cover its distribution on the region. It is not restricted to a single habitat or elevational region, but climate change may have a serious impact on the long term.	The Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat, Sturnira mordax , is considered a resident in the montane intermediate and high zones of Costa Rica (northwest, Caribbean, southern Pacific region) and western Panama (McCarthy et al . 2005). It is strongly associated with moist habitats and tropical evergreen forests, dry forests, and deciduous forests. This species is strongly frugivorous; it possibly feeds on pollen and nectar; the diet includes fruits of Centropogon , Anthurium , Cecropia , and banana (Matson and McCarthy 2004); some insects have been found in its diet too. Pregnant females have been recorded in April (Howell and Burck 1974, Reid 2009). Males are larger than females for most body proportions (McCarthy et al . 2005).	No threats known to this species. However, LaVal (2004) pints out that global warning could affect tropical cloud forest species on the long term.	It is fairly locally common in middle and high elevation evergreen forest and forest edge (Reid 2009, McCarthy et al. 2005). Although Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bats are still regularly taken at high elevations near Monteverde, Costa Rica, the species is not as abundant at lower elevations as in the past (LaVal 2004).	Stable	Sturnira mordax only occurs in Costa Rica and Panama (McCarthy et al . 2005).		Terrestrial	Found in protected areas in Costa Rica and Panama.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	Goodwin	1938	1	Am. Mus. Novitates	976:01:00	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.	Costa Rica, Panama.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Formerly included in Sturnirops ; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).	Sturnira mordax	1005086	23	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	G. G. Goodwin	1938	1	Sturnirops_mordax	Goodwin, G. G. (1938). A New Genus of Bat from Costa Rica. American Museum Novitates, 976, 1.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/3916//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N0976.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	USNM 250310		"El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad, less than halfway from San Jose to Limon, probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m] elevation," Cartago Province, Costa Rica.			mordax (G. G. Goodwin, 1938)	NA	NA				Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_mordax	0	sciname match	Sturnira_mordax	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_mordax	1005086	23	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	G. G. Goodwin	1	Sturnirops mordax	Goodwin, G.G. 1938-05-04. A new genus of bat from Costa Rica. American Museum Novitates 976:1-2.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/169832	USNM:MAMM:250310	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/302b24ad2-856e-46bd-8176-c7201f8ad78f	"El Sauce Peralta, a farm on the Atlantic railroad, less than halfway from San Jose to Limon, probably about 1000 feet [= 350 m] elevation," Cartago Province, Costa Rica.			NA	NA				Costa Rica|Panama	North America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_mordax	0	sciname match	Sturnira_mordax	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	mordax	Goodwin	1938	1	Am. Mus. Novitates	976:01:00	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Costa Rica, Cartago, El Sauce Peralta.	Costa Rica, Panama.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20957/22050440/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Davis et al. (1964). Specimens reported from Colombia arenot S.mordax (see McCarthy et al. 2005).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira mordax; Sturnira mordax; Sturnira mordax; Sturnira mordax; Sturnira mordax; Sturnira mordax; mordax; Sturnire de la Talamanca; Talamanca-Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturniro de Talamanca; Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat; Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat; Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. mordax