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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1569	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae	N/A	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira giannae		[HMW] Sturnira giannae Velazco & Patterson, 2019 , “Paracou ( 5°17’ N , 53°55’ W , 210 m ), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana .” By 2010, S. Lilium (sensu lato) represented a species complex that is now recognized to contain no less than five species. Molecular and morphological analyses have solved many of these problems, and S. giannae was the last taxon to be formally described (it had been referred to as Sturnira new species 3). Monotypic.; [batnames2022] None.; [MDD2022] recently described; [batnames2023] None.; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [batnames2025_1.7] None.; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														giannae				giannae	giannae			giannae Velazco & B. D. Patterson, 2019						N/A																																								NA																											03A687BCFF8DFF8D1385FBCBFEA4F97E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	549	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFF0FFF316B4F71EFCD7F7F1.xml	Sturnira giannae	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	giannae	Velazco & Patterson	2019	Sturnire de Gianna @fr | Gianna-Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturniro de Gianna @es	Sturnira giannae Velazco & Patterson, 2019 , “Paracou ( 5°17’ N , 53°55’ W , 210 m ), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana .” By 2010, S. Lilium (sensu lato) represented a species complex that is now recognized to contain no less than five species. Molecular and morphological analyses have solved many of these problems, and S. giannae was the last taxon to be formally described (it had been referred to as Sturnira new species 3). Monotypic.	E Andes in Colombia , Venezuela (E of the Orinoco River), Trinidad and Tobago Is, the Guianas, E Ecuador , E Peru , Amazonian Brazil , and N Bolivia , but also W of the Andes in N Peru .	Head—body 65-73 mm (tailless), ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 43-47 mm; weight 14-25 g. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Batis small and easily confused with the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. lium) or Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. luist). Dorsal fur is short (5-6 mm between shoulders) and bicolored, with pale brown bases (80% of length) and dark brown tips. Ventral fur short and unicolored, brown to reddish brown. Shoulder glands (epaulettes) are present on both sexes, but variable in degree of development. There are two extremes of fur color, with some individuals having brown fur and others being much more reddish. Muzzle is blunt, forehead is rounded, and ears and noseleaf are short. Wing membranes are dark brown to almost blackish. Dorsal surface of forearm is densely furred with short hairs; dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are sparsely covered with long hairs. Trailing edge of uropatagium is covered by short hairs ( 5 mm ). Skull has globular braincase, with slender rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are slightly bicuspidate, orthodont, and at least twice the height of I?, and I, and I,are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by deep notch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with a subtelocentric X-chromosome (as “S. lilium ” from Trinidad ). .	Amazonian and lower Orinoco humid forests and also from Llanos of Colombia , in a wide variety of forested habitats, including mature and secondary growth, and pre-montane forests and clearings below elevations of ¢. 2000 m . Roosts of Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bats include dense foliage, tree holes, caves, culverts, and buildings.	Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is predominantly frugivorous and reportedly feeds on at least 41 plant species from 20 genera in 14 families, including fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and Solanum spp. ( Solanaceae ) and perhaps Cecropiaceae , Moraceae , Clusiaceae , and Rubiaceae and other small fruits. Its diet might include pollen and nectar but only occasionally. It has been attracted to crops in eastern Peru .	Lactating Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bats have been reported in May-June and November in north-eastern Peru ; March,July-August, and October-Novemberin Peru ; and June-August in French Guiana . Pregnant and lactating females were reported in December—January in Para and Amazonas states, Brazil . This suggests aseasonal polyestry with postpartum estrus.	Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. Most captures are from mist nets in lower strata (ground level). It is uncommon around urban areas.	Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat seems to be locally common at some specific areas and habitats (lowlands), with no significant differences in seasonal abundance throughout the year.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Given that Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is one of the most widely distributed species of Sturnira , its conservation status is expected to be stable.	Baker & Hsu (1970) | Brosset & Dubost (1967) | Cabrera (1958) | Gannon et al. (1989) | Gardner (20089) | Goodwin & Greenhall (1961) | Handley (1976) | Hice et al. (2004) | Linares (1998) | Marques-Aguiar (1985) | Tuttle (1970) | Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014, 2019)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458882/files/figure.png	139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira giannae French: Sturnire de Gianna / German: Gianna-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Gianna Taxonomy. Sturnira giannae Velazco & Patterson, 2019 , “Paracou ( 5°17’ N , 53°55’ W , 210 m ), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana .” By 2010, S. Lilium (sensu lato) represented a species complex that is now recognized to contain no less than five species. Molecular and morphological analyses have solved many of these problems, and S. giannae was the last taxon to be formally described (it had been referred to as Sturnira new species 3). Monotypic. Distribution. E Andes in Colombia , Venezuela (E of the Orinoco River), Trinidad and Tobago Is, the Guianas, E Ecuador , E Peru , Amazonian Brazil , and N Bolivia , but also W of the Andes in N Peru . Descriptive notes. Head—body 65-73 mm (tailless), ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 43-47 mm; weight 14-25 g. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Batis small and easily confused with the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. lium) or Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. luist). Dorsal fur is short (5-6 mm between shoulders) and bicolored, with pale brown bases (80% of length) and dark brown tips. Ventral fur short and unicolored, brown to reddish brown. Shoulder glands (epaulettes) are present on both sexes, but variable in degree of development. There are two extremes of fur color, with some individuals having brown fur and others being much more reddish. Muzzle is blunt, forehead is rounded, and ears and noseleaf are short. Wing membranes are dark brown to almost blackish. Dorsal surface of forearm is densely furred with short hairs; dorsal surfaces of femur, tibia, and feet are sparsely covered with long hairs. Trailing edge of uropatagium is covered by short hairs ( 5 mm ). Skull has globular braincase, with slender rostrum and well-developed sagittal crest. I' are slightly bicuspidate, orthodont, and at least twice the height of I?, and I, and I,are tricuspidate and subequal in height. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are well defined and separated by deep notch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with a subtelocentric X-chromosome (as “S. lilium ” from Trinidad ). . Habitat. Amazonian and lower Orinoco humid forests and also from Llanos of Colombia , in a wide variety of forested habitats, including mature and secondary growth, and pre-montane forests and clearings below elevations of ¢. 2000 m . Roosts of Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bats include dense foliage, tree holes, caves, culverts, and buildings. Food and Feeding. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is predominantly frugivorous and reportedly feeds on at least 41 plant species from 20 genera in 14 families, including fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and Solanum spp. ( Solanaceae ) and perhaps Cecropiaceae , Moraceae , Clusiaceae , and Rubiaceae and other small fruits. Its diet might include pollen and nectar but only occasionally. It has been attracted to crops in eastern Peru . Breeding. Lactating Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bats have been reported in May-June and November in north-eastern Peru ; March,July-August, and October-Novemberin Peru ; and June-August in French Guiana . Pregnant and lactating females were reported in December—January in Para and Amazonas states, Brazil . This suggests aseasonal polyestry with postpartum estrus. Activity patterns. Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is nocturnal. Most captures are from mist nets in lower strata (ground level). It is uncommon around urban areas. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat seems to be locally common at some specific areas and habitats (lowlands), with no significant differences in seasonal abundance throughout the year. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Given that Giannae’s Yellow-shouldered Bat is one of the most widely distributed species of Sturnira , its conservation status is expected to be stable. Bibliography. Baker & Hsu (1970), Brosset & Dubost (1967), Cabrera (1958), Gannon et al. (1989), Gardner (20089), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Handley (1976), Hice et al. (2004), Linares (1998), Marques-Aguiar (1985), Tuttle (1970), Velazco & Patterson (2013, 2014, 2019).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira giannae	Sturnira		giannae	Velazco and Patterson	2019	0	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.	######	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	French Guiana, Cayenne, Paracou near Sinnamary	N S America through C Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad	Not listed.	Not Evaluated	None.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira giannae	23	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	giannae	Velazco & B. D. Patterson	2019	0	Sturnira_giannae	Velazco, PM, & Patterson, BD (2019). Small mammals of the Mayo River Basin in Northern Peru, With the description of a new species of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2019 (429), 26.	https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6933	AMNH 268545		"Paracou (5°17' N, 53°55' W, 210 m), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana."	5.2833	-53.92	giannae Velazco & B. D. Patterson, 2019	recently described	Velazco, PM, & Patterson, BD (2019). Small mammals of the Mayo River Basin in Northern Peru, With the description of a new species of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2019 (429), 1-70.	Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Sturnira_giannae	0	unmatched	NA	1																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		giannae	Velazco and Patterson	2019	0	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.	429:26:00	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	French Guiana, Cayenne, Paracou near Sinnamary	N S America through C Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad	Not listed.	Not Evaluated	None.	Sturnira giannae	1005078	23	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	giannae	Velazco & B. D. Patterson	2019	0	Sturnira_giannae	Velazco, PM, & Patterson, BD (2019). Small mammals of the Mayo River Basin in Northern Peru, With the description of a new species of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2019 (429), 26.	https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6933	AMNH 268545		"Paracou (5°17' N, 53°55' W, 210 m), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana."	5.283333	-53.9167	giannae Velazco & B. D. Patterson, 2019	recently described	Velazco, PM, & Patterson, BD (2019). Small mammals of the Mayo River Basin in Northern Peru, With the description of a new species of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2019 (429), 1-70.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	NA	0	0	0	Sturnira_giannae	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_giannae	1005078	23	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	giannae	Velazco & B. D. Patterson	0	Sturnira giannae	Velazco, P.M. and Patterson, B.D. 2019-04-05. Small mammals of the Mayo River basin in northern Peru, with the description of a new species of _Sturnira_ (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 429:1-67.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58049397	AMNH M-268545	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-268545	"Paracou (5°17' N, 53°55' W, 210 m), near Sinnamary, Cayenne, French Guiana."	5.283333	-53.9167	recently described	Velazco, PM, & Patterson, BD (2019). Small mammals of the Mayo River Basin in Northern Peru, With the description of a new species of sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 2019 (429), 1-70.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	NE	0	0	0	Sturnira_giannae	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		giannae	Velazco & Patterson	2019	0	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.	429:26:00	Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	French Guiana, Cayenne, Paracou near Sinnamary	N S America through C Brazil and Bolivia; Trinidad	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	None.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira giannae; Sturnira giannae; Sturnira giannae; Sturnira giannae; giannae; Sturnire de Gianna; Gianna-Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturniro de Gianna; Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Gianna's Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. giannae