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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1568	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira erythromos		[MSW2] Subgenus Sturnira.; [MSW3] Subgenus Sturnira. Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).; [HMW] Phyllostoma erythromos Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Sturnira .  Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Sturnira .  Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Sturnira. Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).														erythromos				erythromos	erythromos, erythromos, erithromos, erythromas			erythromos (von Tschudi, 1844)|erythromos (von Tschudi, 1844) [nomen nudum]|erithromos Guerrero, 1985 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|erythromas Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling | not used as valid]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		E Peru, Venezuela	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Sturnira erythromos	Peru.	Tschudi	1844	Fauna Peruana, p. 64.	Distribution: Ranging through the Andean region from northern Venezuela to northwestern Argentina.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Bolivia – Venezuela	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Tschudi	1844	Fauna Peruana, p. 64.	Subgenus Sturnira.	Venezuela to Bolivia.	Peru.		TSCHUDI	1844	Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size relatively small (forearm length, 38-46 mm; condylobasal length, 18-21 mm). Inner upper incisors pointed, their tips not in contact.	Distribution: Ranging through the Andean region from northern Venezuela to northwestern Argentina.	No subspecies.		85	species	S. erythromos	TSCHUDI	1844	Sturnira	subgenus	Sturnira erythromos				Lingual cusps of anterior and middle molars (metaconid and entoconid) poorly defined, no vertical notches. Size relatively small (forearm length, 38-46 mm; condylobasal length, 18-21 mm). Inner upper incisors pointed, their tips not in contact.	No subspecies.		6. S. erythromos (TSCHUDI 1844).	6	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	y	1844		Fauna Peruana			64		Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	Peru.	Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).		Subgenus Sturnira. Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).	03A687BCFFF0FFF316B4F71EFCD7F7F1	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	547	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF8EFF8E16B8FEB4F809F905.xml	Sturnira erythromos	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	erythromos		1844	Sturnire des Andes @fr | Haarige Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturnirode los Andes @es | Andean Fruit Bat @en | Small Yellow-shouldered Bat @en	Phyllostoma erythromos Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . This species is monotypic.	Andes of Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , and N Argentina .	Head-body 53-59 mm (tailless), ear 14-16 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 38-44 mm; weight 12-17 g. The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Batis small to medium-sized. Dorsal fur is dense, long, soft, tricolored, and dark brown to smoky grayish brown; sometimes on shoulders and below neck of adults (especially males), there is a yellow or reddish patch from glandular secretions. Head is large, neck is wide, and snout is short and broad. Noseleaf is medium-sized, spear-shaped, and broad; ears are short, smaller than head; and lowerlip has three central warts, surrounded by row of smaller ones. Uropatagium is practically absent, reduced to a very narrow fringe; tail is absent; calcaris short; feet are short and extensively furred to claws. I' are spearshaped with separated tips and project forward; I, are bilobate; lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect; tooth rows are arched outward; and palate is flat.	Primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; cultivated areas such as banana or cocoa plantations; and gardens at elevations of 1000-3740 m (but as low as 500 m on eastern slopes of Andes in northern Argentina ). The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat can be found in montane and cloudy forests; highlands and slopes of the Andes; subtropical, temperate, and lower Andean forests; mainly evergreen forested habitats but also semi-dry inter-Andean Valleys and dry seasonalforests, likely on a seasonal basis.	The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat feeds almost exclusively on fruits and is categorized as a low-flying frugivore. It specializes on chiropterochorous fruits of Solanum ( Solanaceae ) and Piper ( Piperaceae ). Otherfruits can be included in minor proportions, such as those from species of Moraceae ( Morus nigra ), Rubiaceae ( Psychotria carthagenensis, Randia armata), Solanaceae ( Vassobia breviflora, V. lorentzii), and Cannabaceae ( Celtis iguanaea).	In Venezuela , both sexes were reproductively inactive in May (end offirst rainy season), but two pregnant females and one male with enlarged testes were captured in December (end of second rainy season). In Colombia , two females were pregnant in December. In Ecuador , pregnant females (fetuses 26-29 mm) were captured in August-September. In Peru , ten pregnant females, each with a single fetus (2-18 mm), and some scrotal males were found in August, and six males had enlarged testes (4-4 x 5 -8 mm on average). In Bolivia , six lactating females were recorded in January, and scrotal males (testes 4-4-5-8 mm) in May and November. In northern Argentina , the Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat is monoestrous, starting reproductive activity in July, with single parturition in November—January and lactating females until April; additional records from Argentina include one female near parturition and a male with scrotaltestes in October and juveniles with cartilaginous phalanges in June.	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal and mostly fly in interior forest or over small rivers. Nightly activity, as reflected by mist-net captures, was bimodal. A main peak occurred around midnight and was followed by a decrease in captures until a second, less pronounced peak at ¢.06:30 h. It roosts in hollow trees and probably in foliage.	Elevational movements, or at least habitat shifts across mountain ranges, probably occur given the marked seasonal fluctuations of captures along elevational gradients.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat was considered rare and therefore vulnerable according to an index ofrarity for Neotropical bats. In contrast, it has been ranked in the category of abundant non-endangered bat species.Its conservation status is considered stable, and it occurs in several protected areas.	Albuja (1999) | Arita (1993) | Autino & Barquez (1994) | Barquez, Giannini & Mares (1993) | Barquez, Mares & Braun (1999) | Capllonch et al. (1997) | Gardner ( 2008g) | Gardner & O'Neill (1969) | Giannini (1999) | Giannini & Barquez (2003) | Handley (1976) | Lee, Packer & Alvarado (2006) | Maguina et al. (2012) | Moya & Arteaga (2007) | Soriano etal. (2002) | Thomas (1972) | Tirira (2017)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458874/files/figure.png	133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira erythromos French: Sturnire des Andes / German: Haarige Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de los Andes Other common names: Andean Fruit Bat , Small Yellow-shouldered Bat Taxonomy. Phyllostoma erythromos Tschudi, 1844 , Peru . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Andes of Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , and N Argentina . Descriptive notes. Head-body 53-59 mm (tailless), ear 14-16 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm, forearm 38-44 mm; weight 12-17 g. The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Batis small to medium-sized. Dorsal fur is dense, long, soft, tricolored, and dark brown to smoky grayish brown; sometimes on shoulders and below neck of adults (especially males), there is a yellow or reddish patch from glandular secretions. Head is large, neck is wide, and snout is short and broad. Noseleaf is medium-sized, spear-shaped, and broad; ears are short, smaller than head; and lowerlip has three central warts, surrounded by row of smaller ones. Uropatagium is practically absent, reduced to a very narrow fringe; tail is absent; calcaris short; feet are short and extensively furred to claws. I' are spearshaped with separated tips and project forward; I, are bilobate; lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molar a flat, plain aspect; tooth rows are arched outward; and palate is flat. Habitat. Primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; cultivated areas such as banana or cocoa plantations; and gardens at elevations of 1000-3740 m (but as low as 500 m on eastern slopes of Andes in northern Argentina ). The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat can be found in montane and cloudy forests; highlands and slopes of the Andes; subtropical, temperate, and lower Andean forests; mainly evergreen forested habitats but also semi-dry inter-Andean Valleys and dry seasonalforests, likely on a seasonal basis. Food and Feeding. The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat feeds almost exclusively on fruits and is categorized as a low-flying frugivore. It specializes on chiropterochorous fruits of Solanum ( Solanaceae ) and Piper ( Piperaceae ). Otherfruits can be included in minor proportions, such as those from species of Moraceae ( Morus nigra ), Rubiaceae ( Psychotria carthagenensis, Randia armata), Solanaceae ( Vassobia breviflora, V. lorentzii), and Cannabaceae ( Celtis iguanaea). Breeding. In Venezuela , both sexes were reproductively inactive in May (end offirst rainy season), but two pregnant females and one male with enlarged testes were captured in December (end of second rainy season). In Colombia , two females were pregnant in December. In Ecuador , pregnant females (fetuses 26-29 mm) were captured in August-September. In Peru , ten pregnant females, each with a single fetus (2-18 mm), and some scrotal males were found in August, and six males had enlarged testes (4-4 x 5 -8 mm on average). In Bolivia , six lactating females were recorded in January, and scrotal males (testes 4-4-5-8 mm) in May and November. In northern Argentina , the Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat is monoestrous, starting reproductive activity in July, with single parturition in November—January and lactating females until April; additional records from Argentina include one female near parturition and a male with scrotaltestes in October and juveniles with cartilaginous phalanges in June. Activity patterns. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal and mostly fly in interior forest or over small rivers. Nightly activity, as reflected by mist-net captures, was bimodal. A main peak occurred around midnight and was followed by a decrease in captures until a second, less pronounced peak at ¢.06:30 h. It roosts in hollow trees and probably in foliage. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Elevational movements, or at least habitat shifts across mountain ranges, probably occur given the marked seasonal fluctuations of captures along elevational gradients. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat was considered rare and therefore vulnerable according to an index ofrarity for Neotropical bats. In contrast, it has been ranked in the category of abundant non-endangered bat species.Its conservation status is considered stable, and it occurs in several protected areas. Bibliography. Albuja (1999), Arita (1993), Autino & Barquez (1994), Barquez, Giannini & Mares (1993), Barquez, Mares & Braun (1999), Capllonch et al. (1997), Gardner ( 2008g ), Gardner & O'Neill (1969), Giannini (1999), Giannini & Barquez (2003), Handley (1976), Lee, Packer & Alvarado (2006), Maguina et al. (2012), Moya & Arteaga (2007), Soriano etal. (2002), Thomas (1972), Tirira (2017).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira erythromos	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira erythromos	23	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	Andean Fruit Bat|Small Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	1844	1	Phyllostoma_(Sturnira)_erythromos	Tschudi, J. J. von (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, Druck und Verlag von Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 64.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/110/mode/1up	MHNN 94.2539 [lectotype]		Peru.			erythromos (Tschudi, 1844)	NA	NA	Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_erythromos	0	sciname match	Sturnira_erythromos	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	20952	Sturnira erythromos	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Sturnira	erythromos	(Tschudi, 1844)		20000000	Sturnira erythromos	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	It is found in forests until 1,300 m asl. It is frugivorous and it moves according food availability (Anderson et al. 1982)	There are no major threats throughout its range. Bats above 800 m asl are more protected from threats.	This species is abundant.	Stable	This species occurs from Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	The recommended conservation action is to reduce levels of deforestation.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Sturnira .  Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).	Sturnira erythromos	1005077	23	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	Andean Fruit Bat|Small Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	1844	1	Phyllostoma_(Sturnira)_erythromos	Tschudi, J. J. von (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, Druck und Verlag von Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 64.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/110/mode/1up	MHNN 94.2539 [lectotype]		Peru.			erythromos (Tschudi, 1844)	NA	NA				Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_erythromos	0	sciname match	Sturnira_erythromos	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_erythromos	1005077	23	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	Andean Fruit Bat|Small Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	von Tschudi	1	Phyllostoma erythromos	Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844. [Part 2]. Pp. 21–76 in Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844-1845. Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 262 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40007848	MHNN 94.2539	lectotype		Peru.			NA	NA				Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Bolivia|Argentina	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Sturnira_erythromos	0	sciname match	Sturnira_erythromos	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	Sturnira	erythromos	Tschudi	1844	1	Fauna Peruana	p. 64	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat	None.	Peru.	Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20952/22052982/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Sturnira. Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira erythromos; Sturnira erythromos; Sturnira erythromos; Sturnira erythromos; Sturnira erythromos; Sturnira erythromos; erythromos; Sturnire des Andes; Haarige Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturnirode los Andes; Andean Fruit Bat; Small Yellow-shouldered Bat; Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat; Andean Fruit Bat; Small Yellow-shouldered Bat; Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat; Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. erythromos