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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1560	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Sturnira lilium [synonym of]	N/A	Sturnira thomasi [synonym of]	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira angeli		[MSW3] Subgenus Sturnira. See Jones and Genoways (1975c) and Pedersen et al. (1996).; [HMW] Sturnira angeli de la Torre, 1966 , “ 6 mi. [= 9- 6 km ] NE Roseau (1000 {fc [= 305 m ]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica , Windward Islands, West Indies.” Many other taxa were described from the Lesser Antilles, some of these relevant to S. angeli : S. thomas: by L. de la Torre and A. Schwartz in 1966 from Guadeloupe , being distinguished by the absence of M,; S. Lilium zygomaticus by J. K. Jones, Jr. and C.J. Phillips in 1976 from Martinique ; and S. thomast vulcanensis by H. H. Genoways in 1998 from Monserrat. Molecular and morphological analyses recognized all these forms as a single taxonomic entity, for which the oldest name is S. angeli . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.; [MDD2022] split from S. lilium and includes thomasi; [IUCN] Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank. S. thomasi is recognized by Simmons (2005) as a distinct species but is here synonymized with S. angeli following Velazco and Patterson (2013).; [batnames2023] Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.; [MDD2023] split from S. lilium and includes thomasi; [MDD2025_2.0] split from S. lilium and includes thomasi; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.; [MDD2025_2.2] split from S. lilium and includes thomasi												angeli	angeli - thomasi	angeli, thomasi	Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank. S. thomasi is recognized by Simmons (2005) as a distinct species but is here synonymized with S. angeli following Velazco and Patterson (2013).	angeli	angeli - thomasi	angeli, thomasi	angeli, angeli, thomasi, zygomatica, vulcanensis	angeli 	angeli - thomasi	angeli de la Torre, 1961 [unpublished thesis]|angeli de la Torre, 1966|thomasi de la Torre & A. Schwartz, 1966|zygomatica J. K. Jones & C. J. Phillips, 1976|vulcanensis Genoways, 1998						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira thomasi	Sturnira	Sturnira	thomasi	de la Torre and Schwartz		1966		Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	79		299		Thomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat	Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles), Sofaia, 1,200 ft. (366 m) (France).	Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.		Subgenus Sturnira. See Jones and Genoways (1975c) and Pedersen et al. (1996).	03A687BCFF8AFF8D1647F905FC8AF660	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	550	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFF3FFF31390FA45F78EF0E2.xml	Sturnira angeli	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira	angeli	de la Torre	1966	Sturnire d Angel @fr | Dominica-Gelbschulterfledermaus @de | Sturniro de Angel @es | Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat @en | Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat @en	Sturnira angeli de la Torre, 1966 , “ 6 mi. [= 9- 6 km ] NE Roseau (1000 {fc [= 305 m ]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica , Windward Islands, West Indies.” Many other taxa were described from the Lesser Antilles, some of these relevant to S. angeli : S. thomas: by L. de la Torre and A. Schwartz in 1966 from Guadeloupe , being distinguished by the absence of M,; S. Lilium zygomaticus by J. K. Jones, Jr. and C.J. Phillips in 1976 from Martinique ; and S. thomast vulcanensis by H. H. Genoways in 1998 from Monserrat. Molecular and morphological analyses recognized all these forms as a single taxonomic entity, for which the oldest name is S. angeli . Monotypic.	Endemic to the Lesser Antilles, including Montserrat , Guadeloupe , Dominica , and Martinique Is.	Head-body 63-75 mm (tailless), ear 14-16 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 42-4-47-7 mm. Nospecific data are available for body weight. The Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is small and most similar to the Northern Yellowshouldered Bat ( S. parvidens ) and the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat ( S. Lilium ). Dorsum is dark grayish brown; hair has narrow white basal band (less than 1 mm ), followed by relatively broad dark grayish brown band and equally broad buff band, and narrow very dark, reddish brown apical band. Underparts are dull dark brown; throat and ventral region are similarly colored; and hair has narrow white basal band, followed by broad dark brown band, and terminating in dull grayish brown band. Dark epibasal band on dorsum becomes paler and narrower anteriorly, while subterminal band increases in width and becomes paler. Muzzleis blunt, and forehead is rounded. Shoulder areas can be clearly tinged in reddish or light brown or not. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Uropatagium is densely covered with short hairs. Skull is relatively long, braincase is small, and rostrumis elongated. I, and I, are trilobed (I, can be bilobated) and subequalin size. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are low, rounded, ill-defined, and separated by shallow notch (variable character among populations). M, is missing in some populations.	Small islands ofthe Lesser Antilles, including pristine dense forests, gallery forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 610 m . Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats have been netted in various types offorests and clearings and over streams.	The Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is expected to be predominantly frugivorous, eating fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and species of Solanaceae and Melastomataceae . Diet could include pollen and nectar.	Pregnant Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats have been found in March-April and June-July; lactating females were recordedin June and August-September. Although reproductive data are not extensive, pattern of reproduction is not inconsistent with a bimodal polyestry model suggestedfor mainland populations of Sturnira .	Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats were caught on clear and cloudy and rainy nights and early and late at night, suggesting continuous activity through most ofthe night. They were mostly caught in mist nets on the ground.	No information.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. More information on ecology of the Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is necessary for an appropriate assessment ofits population status and to identify potential threats.	Baker, Genoways & Patton (1978) | Gannon et al. (1989) | Genoways (1998) | Genoways et al. (2001) | Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017) | Jones & Phillips (1976) | Koopman (1968) | de la Torre (1966) | de la Torre & Schwartz (1966) | Velazco & Patterson (2013)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458886/files/figure.png	140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat Sturnira angeli French: Sturnire dAngel / German: Dominica-Gelbschulterfledermaus / Spanish: Sturniro de Angel Other common names: Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat , Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat Taxonomy. Sturnira angeli de la Torre, 1966 , “ 6 mi. [= 9- 6 km ] NE Roseau (1000 {fc [= 305 m ]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica , Windward Islands, West Indies.” Many other taxa were described from the Lesser Antilles, some of these relevant to S. angeli : S. thomas: by L. de la Torre and A. Schwartz in 1966 from Guadeloupe , being distinguished by the absence of M,; S. Lilium zygomaticus by J. K. Jones, Jr. and C.J. Phillips in 1976 from Martinique ; and S. thomast vulcanensis by H. H. Genoways in 1998 from Monserrat. Molecular and morphological analyses recognized all these forms as a single taxonomic entity, for which the oldest name is S. angeli . Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Lesser Antilles, including Montserrat , Guadeloupe , Dominica , and Martinique Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body 63-75 mm (tailless), ear 14-16 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 42-4-47-7 mm. Nospecific data are available for body weight. The Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is small and most similar to the Northern Yellowshouldered Bat ( S. parvidens ) and the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat ( S. Lilium ). Dorsum is dark grayish brown; hair has narrow white basal band (less than 1 mm ), followed by relatively broad dark grayish brown band and equally broad buff band, and narrow very dark, reddish brown apical band. Underparts are dull dark brown; throat and ventral region are similarly colored; and hair has narrow white basal band, followed by broad dark brown band, and terminating in dull grayish brown band. Dark epibasal band on dorsum becomes paler and narrower anteriorly, while subterminal band increases in width and becomes paler. Muzzleis blunt, and forehead is rounded. Shoulder areas can be clearly tinged in reddish or light brown or not. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Uropatagium is densely covered with short hairs. Skull is relatively long, braincase is small, and rostrumis elongated. I, and I, are trilobed (I, can be bilobated) and subequalin size. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are low, rounded, ill-defined, and separated by shallow notch (variable character among populations). M, is missing in some populations. Habitat. Small islands ofthe Lesser Antilles, including pristine dense forests, gallery forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 610 m . Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats have been netted in various types offorests and clearings and over streams. Food and Feeding. The Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is expected to be predominantly frugivorous, eating fruits of Piper spp. ( Piperaceae ) and species of Solanaceae and Melastomataceae . Diet could include pollen and nectar. Breeding. Pregnant Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats have been found in March-April and June-July; lactating females were recordedin June and August-September. Although reproductive data are not extensive, pattern of reproduction is not inconsistent with a bimodal polyestry model suggestedfor mainland populations of Sturnira . Activity patterns. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bats were caught on clear and cloudy and rainy nights and early and late at night, suggesting continuous activity through most ofthe night. They were mostly caught in mist nets on the ground. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. More information on ecology of the Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat is necessary for an appropriate assessment ofits population status and to identify potential threats. Bibliography. Baker, Genoways & Patton (1978), Gannon et al. (1989), Genoways (1998), Genoways et al. (2001), Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017), Jones & Phillips (1976), Koopman (1968), de la Torre (1966), de la Torre & Schwartz (1966), Velazco & Patterson (2013).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira angeli	Sturnira		angeli	de la Torre	1966	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	83:31:00	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat	 thomasi de la Torre and Schwartz, 1966.		Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Sturnira angeli	23	Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat|Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	angeli	de la Torre	1966	0	Sturnira_angeli	de la Torre, L. (1966). New Bats of the Genus Sturnira (Phyllostomidae) from the Amazonian Lowlands of Peru and the Windward Islands, West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 79, 271.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34562961#page/651/mode/1up	USNM 361881		"6 mi. [= 9.6 km] NE Roseau (1000 ft [= 305 m]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica, Windward Islands, West Indies."			angeli de la Torre, 1961 [unavailable name]|angeli de la Torre, 1966|thomasi de la Torre & A. Schwartz, 1966	split from S. lilium and includes thomasi	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.	Montserrat|Guadeloupe|Dominica|Martinique	North America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Sturnira_angeli	0	manual	Sturnira_thomasi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Sturnira angeli	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Sturnira	angeli	de la Torre, 1961	Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium , it has now been elevated to species rank. S. thomasi is recognized by Simmons (2005) as a distinct species but is here synonymized with S. angeli following Velazco and Patterson (2013).	90000000	Sturnira angeli	Near Threatened	B1a	2019	2018-08-13 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is listed as Near Threatened because of the smaller population size at islands, so it is suspected that migration does not occur frequently as to maintain high genetic diversity (Genoways 1988). In addition, ;severe weather (storms, hurricanes) and even volcanic eruptions, in addition to habitat changes may have fragmented these populations, although it occurs in a few protected areas. ;Current data almost meet "Vulnerable" under criterion B1a, with an extent of occurrence (EOO) of less than 15,504 km², although there is no evidence of continuing decline in populations.	Little is known of the ecology of this species, presumably it is the locally dominantly frugivorous as are other members of the genus (Jones and Genoways 1975). A male from Guadeloupe was the only specimen taken in a net set in a deep ravine that was located in "an area of extremely dense forest" (de la Torre and Schwartz 1966), a series from Dominica was taken in nets set across two streams described as "fairly placid and not torrential at the localities of the nets", both streams were in rainforests with no adjacent cultivated areas (de la Torre 1966). ;These studies reveal that ;Sturnira ; species could be relatively uncommon and unlike other frugivorous bats possibly needs native humid forests instead of tropical agriculture to flourish (Genoways 1988).	Like other bat species in tropical islands, Sturnira angeli is subject to natural threats like hurricanes or volcanic eruptions (Genoways 1988; Pedersen et al. 2006, ;2013). Change of land cover, and agriculture use are among the typical threats to its populations.	Studies at the Lesser Antilles reveal that ;Sturnira ; species could be relatively uncommon and unlike other frugivorous bats possibly needs native humid forests instead of tropical agriculture to flourish (Genoways 1988). Some isolated populations on islands are suspected to be at high risk because of events like hurricanes or volcanic eruptions; plus, species of this genus do not migrate well between islands (Genoways 1988).	Decreasing	This species is known from the islands of Martinique, Dominica, Guadeloupe and Montserrat, in the Lesser Antilles (de la Torre 1966, de la Torre and Schwartz 1966, Jones and Phillips 1976, Genoways 1988, Velazco and Patterson 2013). It has been recently split from the widespread and polyphyletic Sturnira lilium (sensu lato) based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences.		Terrestrial	Some protected areas (nature parks, nature reserves, national parks) exist on Martinique, Dominica, and Guadeloupe ;islands, but these are lacking at Montserrat.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		angeli	de la Torre	1966	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	83:31:00	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat	 thomasi de la Torre and Schwartz, 1966.		Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.	Sturnira angeli	1005071	23	Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat|Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STURNIRINI	Sturnira	Sturnira	angeli	de la Torre	1966	0	Sturnira_angeli	de la Torre, L. (1966). New Bats of the Genus Sturnira (Phyllostomidae) from the Amazonian Lowlands of Peru and the Windward Islands, West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 79, 271.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34562961#page/651/mode/1up	USNM 361881		"6 mi. [= 9.6 km] NE Roseau (1000 ft [= 305 m]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica, Windward Islands, West Indies."			angeli de la Torre, 1961 [unavailable name]|angeli de la Torre, 1966|thomasi de la Torre & A. Schwartz, 1966	split from S. lilium and includes thomasi	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.				Montserrat|Guadeloupe|Dominica|Martinique	North America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Sturnira_angeli	0	manual	Sturnira_thomasi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Sturnira_angeli	1005071	23	Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat|Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Sturnirini	Sturnira	Sturnira	angeli	de la Torre	0	Sturnira angeli	de la Torre, L. 1966-12-01. New bats of the genus _Sturnira_ (Phyllostomidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of Perú and the Windward Islands, West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79:267-272.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34562965	USNM:MAMM:361881	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3baa6405a-d032-4b32-befa-0865cc53b7cf	"6 mi. [= 9.6 km] NE Roseau (1000 ft [= 305 m]), St. Paul Parish, Dominica, Windward Islands, West Indies."			split from S. lilium and includes thomasi	Velazco, P. M., & Patterson, B. D. (2013). Diversification of the yellow-shouldered bats, genus Sturnira (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), in the New World tropics. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 68(3), 683-698.				Montserrat|Guadeloupe|Dominica|Martinique	North America	Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Sturnira_angeli	0	manual	Sturnira_thomasi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Sturnira		angeli	de la Torre	1966	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	83:31:00	Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat	thomasi de la Torre and Schwartz, 1966.		Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88154322/88154326/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Includes thomasi - see Velzco and Patterson, 2013.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Sturnira thomasi; Sturnira angeli; Sturnira angeli; Sturnira angeli; Sturnira angeli; Sturnira angeli; thomasi; angeli; thomasi; Sturnire d Angel; Dominica-Gelbschulterfledermaus; Sturniro de Angel; Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat; Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat; Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Guadeloupe Yellow-shouldered Bat; Thomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat; Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat; S. angeli