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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1548	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Nycticeius balstoni	Nycticeius balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Nycticeius balstoni	Nycticeius balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens balstoni		[MSW2] Subgenus Scotorepens. Includes orion, but not caprenus; see Koopman (1978fl:168, 170, 171); but also see Hall and Richards (1979). Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985), who excluded orion and caprenus.; [MSW3] Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985), but also see Koopman (1978a) and Hall and Richards (1979).; [HMW] Scoteinus balstoni Thomas, 1906 , “Laverton, West Australia .” Two subspecies of S. balston: are normally recognized ( balstoni and influatus), but no subspecies are recognized here, although S. balstoni might represent a species complex. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Includes influatus ; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus ; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978 a ) and Hall and Richards (1979).; [IUCN] Scotorepens balstoni might represent a species complex; a comprehensive review of its taxonomy is needed (Parnaby 2008).; [batnames2023] Includes influatus ; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus ; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978 a ) and Hall and Richards (1979).; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978a) and Hall and Richards (1979).		(? orion) (? sanborni)		orion, sanborni	(influatus)	influatus, orion.	balstoni, influatus, orion	balstoni, influatus				balstoni, influatus		balstoni, influatus	Scotorepens balstoni might represent a species complex; a comprehensive review of its taxonomy is needed (Parnaby 2008).	balstoni, influatus		balstoni, influatus	balstoni, influatus	balstoni, influatus		balstoni (O. Thomas, 1906)|influatus (O. Thomas, 1924)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Balston's broad-nosed bat	W, N, E, SC Australia, New Guinea	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Nycticeius balstoni	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.	Thomas	1906	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906(2), 31:2.	Distribution: Ranging widely in central and southern Australia.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Western broad-nosed bat	NW, N, C Australia	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1906	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906(31):2.	Subgenus Scotorepens. Includes orion, but not caprenus; see Koopman (1978fl:168, 170, 171); but also see Hall and Richards (1979). Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985), who excluded orion and caprenus.	Mainland Australia.	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.		THOMAS	1906	Size fairly large (forearm length, 33-38 mm). Rostrum of variable width.	Distribution: Ranging widely in central and southern Australia.	Three subspecies are here recognized:	N. b. balstoni (Western Australia to western Victoria and southern Queensland), N. b. influatus (central Queensland), N. b. orion (Pacific coast of New South Wales and Victoria).	126	species	N. balstoni	THOMAS	1906	Scotorepens	subgenus	Nycticeius balstoni				Size fairly large (forearm length, 33-38 mm). Rostrum of variable width.	Three subspecies are here recognized:		5. N. balstoni (THOMAS 1906).	5	_S. b. balstoni_ (Thomas, 1906); _S. b. influatus_ (Thomas, 1924)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nycticeiini	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens		balstoni	Thomas	y	1906		Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1906	31	2		Western Broad-nosed Bat	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.	Mainland Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc) as Nycticeius balstoni.	influatus Thomas, 1924.	Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985), but also see Koopman (1978a) and Hall and Richards (1979).	4C3D87E8FFAB6A14FF579F0218D3BCB5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	838	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFAB6A15FA5B91961B2FBD14.xml	Scotorepens balstoni	Vespertilionidae	Scotorepens	balstoni	Thomas	1906	Sérotine de Balston @fr | Balston-Breitnasenfledermaus @de | Scotorepo de Balston @es | \Western Broad-nosed Bat @en	Scoteinus balstoni Thomas, 1906 , “Laverton, West Australia .” Two subspecies of S. balston: are normally recognized ( balstoni and influatus), but no subspecies are recognized here, although S. balstoni might represent a species complex. Monotypic.	Most of Australia except N Australia , Cape York Peninsula, and E & S coasts.	Head-body 42.2-59-7 mm, tail 29-41-7 mm, ear 10-7-14-1 mm, forearm 32—40-5 mm; weight 6-3-14 g. Forearm size increases from west to east and from south to north. There is a larger form in northern inland Queensland (previously known as subspecies influatus). Dorsal pelage ranges from dark brown to pale sandy (most commonly light grayish brown; hairs markedly bicolored with pale bases); ventral pelage is lighter (most commonly pale brown). Ears are relatively slender and subtriangular, anterior edge being smoothly convex with rounded tip; tragus is evenly curved upward, with concave anterior edge, moderately convex posterior edge, and rounded tip. Muzzle is broad, with square shape and inflated glands on either side; nostrils are simple and rounded, diverging from one another. Bare parts offace, ears, and membranes are dark brown. Wings attach at base offifth toe, and uropatagium extends from long calcar to tail tip; calcar stretches about halfway to tail and has small calcaneal lobe. Glans penis has up to 22 spines on head, mainly in two long rows. Baculum is short (2-4-3 mm), with relatively robust shaft that is straight in lateral view; distal head is bifurcated, with two short narrow prongs behind which shaft enlarges into moderately wide lateral flanges; base is broad, and posterior edge is square in line with shaft. Skull is moderately elongated, with relatively narrow rostrum; cranium is flattened in that lateral profile rises only slightly against that of rostrum;sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately developed, forming moderate occipital helmet; anterior palatal notch is semicircular, usually ending at mid-point of P* (occasionally to posterior edge of C'); I* is unicuspid and does not touch C'; P* is one-halfto two-thirds the height of C' and touchesit; lower incisors are tricuspid; and P,is small and less than one-half the height of P,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 48 in New South Wales .	Arid and semiarid habitats throughout inland Australia , often in association with water, along river red gum lined waterways, open woodlands, shrublands, mallee, and grasslands at elevations of 40-480 m in Victoria .	Insectivorous. Stomachs from northern parts of the distribution contained cockroaches, termites, crickets, cicadas, bugs, beetles,flies, moths, and ants. In Victoria , diets contained mostly beetles (45% by volume), ants, bugs, moths,flies, and grasshoppers. Foraging is achieved using echolocation in continuousflight c. 15 m aboveground, with rapid diversions to pursue prey. Foraging mainly occurs between trees, not above tree canopies, and at edges of forests, venturing into open areas.	In the southern distribution, Inland Broad-nosed Bats mate in April-May, with one young or twins born in mid-November. In northern distributional areas, mating occurs in September, often with twins born, sometimestriplets. Young are well developed and withoutfur at birth. They use recurved milk teeth to secure themselves to their mothers. Young remain attached to the mother until they are c.10 days old and are vocal when not suckling. By this stage, they weigh c. 4 g and are left behind in the roost when their mothers forage at night. Eyes open and fur grows by the time they are 15 days old. After 30 days, they exercise their wings and then go on to forage independently.	Inland Broad-nosed Bats roost in tree hollows and roofs of buildings and under metal caps of power poles during the day and forage over woodlands and water at night. They start foraging earlier than most other species of bats, usually beginning just at dusk. Flight speeds are 12-21 km/h. Flight efficiency results from a streamlined head, silky fur texture, and small maneuver-enhancing shaped ears. They can enter torpor during the day to conserve energy. In New South Wales , they entered torpor during 70-6% of days for c.7 hours/day, and 29-4% of individuals rewarmed daily using entirely passive rewarming. Call shape is steep FM/QCF sweep, with characteristic frequencies recorded at 34-1-38-7 kHz in Western Australia and 28-34 kHz in New South Wales .	Inland Broad-nosed Bats roost in colonies of up to 45 individuals. They have been recorded sharing tree hollows and house roosts with free-tailed bats (Ozimops sp.).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Baverstock et al. (1987) | Bondarenco et al. (2016) | Bullen & McKenzie (2009) | Burbidge et al. (2014) | Churchill (2008) | Kitchener & Caputi (1985) | Lumsden & Bennet (1995) | Menkhorst (1996) | Parnaby (2008b) | Pennay & Lumsden (2008c) | Reardon & Flavel (1991) | Richards & Hall (2012) | Volleth &Tidemann (1991)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398132/files/figure.png	167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens balstoni French: Sérotine de Balston / German: Balston-Breitnasenfledermaus / Spanish: Scotorepo de Balston Other common names: \Western Broad-nosed Bat Taxonomy. Scoteinus balstoni Thomas, 1906 , “Laverton, West Australia .” Two subspecies of S. balston: are normally recognized ( balstoni and influatus), but no subspecies are recognized here, although S. balstoni might represent a species complex. Monotypic. Distribution. Most of Australia except N Australia , Cape York Peninsula, and E & S coasts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 42.2-59-7 mm, tail 29-41-7 mm, ear 10-7-14-1 mm, forearm 32—40-5 mm; weight 6-3-14 g. Forearm size increases from west to east and from south to north. There is a larger form in northern inland Queensland (previously known as subspecies influatus). Dorsal pelage ranges from dark brown to pale sandy (most commonly light grayish brown; hairs markedly bicolored with pale bases); ventral pelage is lighter (most commonly pale brown). Ears are relatively slender and subtriangular, anterior edge being smoothly convex with rounded tip; tragus is evenly curved upward, with concave anterior edge, moderately convex posterior edge, and rounded tip. Muzzle is broad, with square shape and inflated glands on either side; nostrils are simple and rounded, diverging from one another. Bare parts offace, ears, and membranes are dark brown. Wings attach at base offifth toe, and uropatagium extends from long calcar to tail tip; calcar stretches about halfway to tail and has small calcaneal lobe. Glans penis has up to 22 spines on head, mainly in two long rows. Baculum is short (2-4-3 mm), with relatively robust shaft that is straight in lateral view; distal head is bifurcated, with two short narrow prongs behind which shaft enlarges into moderately wide lateral flanges; base is broad, and posterior edge is square in line with shaft. Skull is moderately elongated, with relatively narrow rostrum; cranium is flattened in that lateral profile rises only slightly against that of rostrum;sagittal and lambdoidal crests are moderately developed, forming moderate occipital helmet; anterior palatal notch is semicircular, usually ending at mid-point of P* (occasionally to posterior edge of C'); I* is unicuspid and does not touch C'; P* is one-halfto two-thirds the height of C' and touchesit; lower incisors are tricuspid; and P,is small and less than one-half the height of P,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 48 in New South Wales . Habitat. Arid and semiarid habitats throughout inland Australia , often in association with water, along river red gum lined waterways, open woodlands, shrublands, mallee, and grasslands at elevations of 40-480 m in Victoria . Food and Feeding. Insectivorous. Stomachs from northern parts of the distribution contained cockroaches, termites, crickets, cicadas, bugs, beetles,flies, moths, and ants. In Victoria , diets contained mostly beetles (45% by volume), ants, bugs, moths,flies, and grasshoppers. Foraging is achieved using echolocation in continuousflight c. 15 m aboveground, with rapid diversions to pursue prey. Foraging mainly occurs between trees, not above tree canopies, and at edges of forests, venturing into open areas. Breeding. In the southern distribution, Inland Broad-nosed Bats mate in April-May, with one young or twins born in mid-November. In northern distributional areas, mating occurs in September, often with twins born, sometimestriplets. Young are well developed and withoutfur at birth. They use recurved milk teeth to secure themselves to their mothers. Young remain attached to the mother until they are c.10 days old and are vocal when not suckling. By this stage, they weigh c. 4 g and are left behind in the roost when their mothers forage at night. Eyes open and fur grows by the time they are 15 days old. After 30 days, they exercise their wings and then go on to forage independently. Activity patterns. Inland Broad-nosed Bats roost in tree hollows and roofs of buildings and under metal caps of power poles during the day and forage over woodlands and water at night. They start foraging earlier than most other species of bats, usually beginning just at dusk. Flight speeds are 12-21 km/h. Flight efficiency results from a streamlined head, silky fur texture, and small maneuver-enhancing shaped ears. They can enter torpor during the day to conserve energy. In New South Wales , they entered torpor during 70-6% of days for c.7 hours/day, and 29-4% of individuals rewarmed daily using entirely passive rewarming. Call shape is steep FM/QCF sweep, with characteristic frequencies recorded at 34-1-38-7 kHz in Western Australia and 28-34 kHz in New South Wales . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Inland Broad-nosed Bats roost in colonies of up to 45 individuals. They have been recorded sharing tree hollows and house roosts with free-tailed bats (Ozimops sp.). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Baverstock et al. (1987), Bondarenco et al. (2016), Bullen & McKenzie (2009), Burbidge et al. (2014), Churchill (2008), Kitchener & Caputi (1985), Lumsden & Bennet (1995), Menkhorst (1996), Parnaby (2008b), Pennay & Lumsden (2008c), Reardon & Flavel (1991), Richards & Hall (2012), Volleth &Tidemann (1991).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Scotorepens balstoni	Scotorepens		balstoni	Thomas	1906	1	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1906(31): 2	Western Broad-nosed Bat	<b> influatus </b> Thomas, 1924.	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.	Mainland Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes influatus ; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus ; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978 a ) and Hall and Richards (1979).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Scotorepens balstoni	23	Inland Broad-nosed Bat	Western Broad-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	EPTESICINI	Scotorepens	NA	balstoni	O. Thomas	1906	1	Scoteinus_balstoni	Thomas, O. (1906). On mammals collected in south-west Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906, 472.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97669#page/46/mode/1up	BM 1906.8.1.41		"Laverton, West Australia."			balstoni (O. Thomas, 1906)|influatus (O. Thomas, 1924)	NA	NA	Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	sciname match	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	14942	Scotorepens balstoni	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Scotorepens	balstoni	(Thomas, 1906)	Scotorepens balstoni might represent a species complex; a comprehensive review of its taxonomy is needed (Parnaby 2008).	200000000	Scotorepens balstoni	Least Concern		2021	2019-07-07 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, large population size and occurrence in numerous protected areas with the assumption that the large distribution and population size ensures the stability of the species, and if there is, or has been a recent, population decline that the magnitude or rate of this decline is not sufficient to meet IUCN criteria for a threat category. However, it is important to note that due to a lack of broad-scale, long-term population monitoring, there are no hard data to support or reject this assumption.	This species is present in drier habitats within inland Australia. It roosts in tree hollows and building roofs, often roosting with other species (Parnaby 2008). Females give birth to one or two young (Parnaby 2008). Its diet consists of a range of flying insects, with Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera often commonly taken (Lumsden and Bennett 1995).	Agricultural activities and modified fire regimes within its arid and semi-arid habitat probably adversely affects the species by reducing the number of trees with cavities (Parnaby 2008). It may be also locally threatened by disturbance of roosting sites. Feral and domestic cats are likely to prey on the species.	It is a relatively common species within suitable habitat (Parnaby 2008). The population is currently assumed to be relatively stable as there is no evidence of a decline, although there is continuing loss of hollow-bearing trees throughout much of its range. There are no long-term monitoring programs to confirm status or trends.	Decreasing	This species is endemic to Australia where it is widespread over the inland parts of the country. It is known from 40 to 480 m asl in Victoria at least (Lumsden and Bennett 1995). In NSW it is widespread and relatively common throughout western NSW to the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range (Pennay et al. 2011).		Terrestrial	This species has been recorded from a number of protected areas. Further studies are needed into the taxonomy, natural history and threats to this species.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Scotorepens		balstoni	Thomas	1906	1	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1906(31): 2	Western Broad-nosed Bat	<b> influatus </b> Thomas, 1924.	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.	Mainland Australia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes influatus ; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus ; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978 a ) and Hall and Richards (1979).	Scotorepens balstoni	1005565	23	Inland Broad-nosed Bat	Western Broad-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	EPTESICINI	Scotorepens	NA	balstoni	O. Thomas	1906	1	Scoteinus_balstoni	Thomas, O. (1906). On mammals collected in south-west Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906, 472.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97669#page/46/mode/1up	BM 1906.8.1.41		"Laverton, West Australia."			balstoni (O. Thomas, 1906)|influatus (O. Thomas, 1924)	NA	NA				Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	sciname match	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Scotorepens_balstoni	1005565	23	Inland Broad-nosed Bat	Western Broad-nosed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nycticeiini	Scotorepens	NA	balstoni	O. Thomas	1	Scoteinus balstoni	Thomas, O. 1906-05-01. Mr. Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S., read a paper on Mammals collected in South-west Australia for Mr. W. E. Balston. Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 31:1-2.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31208863	BMNH:Mamm:1906.8.1.41	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2ae0a9f9-f043-4507-9942-e1b5ac572166	"Laverton, West Australia."			NA	NA				Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	sciname match	Scotorepens_balstoni	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Scotorepens		balstoni	Thomas	1906	1	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1906(31): 2	Western Broad-nosed Bat	influatus Thomas, 1924.	Australia, Western Australia, Laverton, North Pool, 503 m.	Mainland Australia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14942/209531194/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus; see Kitchener and Caputi(1985), but also see Koopman (1978a) and Hall and Richards (1979).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Scotorepens balstoni; Scotorepens balstoni; Scotorepens balstoni; Scotorepens balstoni; Scotorepens balstoni; Scotorepens balstoni; balstoni; influatus; influatus; balstoni; influatus; Sérotine de Balston; Balston-Breitnasenfledermaus; Scotorepo de Balston; \Western Broad-nosed Bat; Inland Broad-nosed Bat; Western Broad-nosed Bat; Western Broad-nosed Bat; Western Broad-nosed Bat; S. balstoni