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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1544	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus leucogaster robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus robustus		[MSW2] Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill (1971:50). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus.; [MSW3] Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill (1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.; [HMW] Scotophilus robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881 , Madagascar . Based on multivariate analyses of forearm and cranial measurements, S. robustus is distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii ) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.; [IUCN] Entire genus needs revision.; [batnames2023] Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii ) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.; [batnames2025_1.7] Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus. Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.														robustus	Entire genus needs revision.			robustus	robustus			robustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Scotophilus robustus	Madagascar.	Milne-Edwards	1881	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 91:1035.			Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Madagascar; (in S. dinganii?)	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Milne-Edwards	1881	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 91:1035.	Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill (1971:50). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus.	Madagascar.	Madagascar.																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nycticeiini	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus		robustus	Milne-Edwards		1881		C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris	91		1035		Robust House Bat	Madagascar.	N Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill (1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.	4C3D87E8FF846AC4FA549C211CBFBE2C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	888	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF7A6AC5FF4E90D81DA2B755.xml	Scotophilus robustus	Vespertilionidae	Scotophilus	robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	Scotophile robuste @fr | Robuste Hausfledermaus @de | Scotofilorobusto @es	Scotophilus robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881 , Madagascar . Based on multivariate analyses of forearm and cranial measurements, S. robustus is distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Monotypic.	Endemic to Madagascar .	Head-body ¢.93 98 mm , tail 55-70 mm , ear 17-20 mm , hindfoot 10-13 mm , forearm 62-65 mm ; weight ¢.40- 5—49 g . Dorsum and venter are medium brown. Baculum is flat and triangular, with distinct indentation to proximal margin. Skull is large (greatest skull lengths 24-2-25- 6 mm ) for Scotophilus , but rostrum is comparatively short; sagittal crest is well developed; occipital helmet is present; and profile of skull mostly slopes from front to back, with very shallow concavity in forehead region. I? is unicuspid; M' and M? have concave surfaces and indistinct ridges and appear worn; and M” is very short and has two ridges.	All distinct biomes of Madagascar , except spiny bush and apparently humanoccupied habitats, from sea levelto elevations up to c¢. 1400 m .	Coleoptera , Lepidoptera, Homoptera , and Blattodea were found in feces of two individuals. Coleoptera comprised ¢.68% of diet by volume, but sampling in the feeding area showed that only 3% of available prey was Coleoptera , suggesting that the Robust Yellow Bat is a coleopteran specialist. Feces of three bats contained Araneae , Coleoptera , Diptera, Homoptera , Hymenoptera , Lepidoptera , and Orthoptera .	No information.	Calls of Robust Yellow Bats were characterized by broadband steep FM,followed by QCF at LDC. Fundamental call was always most intense, with peak energy of 38-1 kHz.	Ectoparasites of Robust Yellow Bats included Basilia nov. sp. ( Diptera , Nycteribiidae ) and Basilia (Paracyclopodia) sp., the latter infected by Bartonella and Enterobacteriales.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Duron et al. (2014) | Hayman & Hill (1971) | Kofoky et al. (2009) | Rakotondramanana etal. (2015) | Rasoanoro et al. (2015) | Robbins et al. (1985) | Wilkinson et al. (2016)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398402/files/figure.png	278. Robust Yellow Bat Scotophilus robustus French: Scotophile robuste / German: Robuste Hausfledermaus / Spanish: Scotofilo robusto Taxonomy. Scotophilus robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881 , Madagascar . Based on multivariate analyses of forearm and cranial measurements, S. robustus is distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to Madagascar . Descriptive notes. Head-body ¢.93 98 mm , tail 55-70 mm , ear 17-20 mm , hindfoot 10-13 mm , forearm 62-65 mm ; weight ¢.40- 5—49 g . Dorsum and venter are medium brown. Baculum is flat and triangular, with distinct indentation to proximal margin. Skull is large (greatest skull lengths 24-2-25- 6 mm ) for Scotophilus , but rostrum is comparatively short; sagittal crest is well developed; occipital helmet is present; and profile of skull mostly slopes from front to back, with very shallow concavity in forehead region. I? is unicuspid; M' and M? have concave surfaces and indistinct ridges and appear worn; and M” is very short and has two ridges. Habitat. All distinct biomes of Madagascar , except spiny bush and apparently humanoccupied habitats, from sea levelto elevations up to c¢. 1400 m . Food and Feeding. Coleoptera , Lepidoptera, Homoptera , and Blattodea were found in feces of two individuals. Coleoptera comprised ¢.68% of diet by volume, but sampling in the feeding area showed that only 3% of available prey was Coleoptera , suggesting that the Robust Yellow Bat is a coleopteran specialist. Feces of three bats contained Araneae , Coleoptera , Diptera, Homoptera , Hymenoptera , Lepidoptera , and Orthoptera . Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Calls of Robust Yellow Bats were characterized by broadband steep FM,followed by QCF at LDC. Fundamental call was always most intense, with peak energy of 38-1 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Ectoparasites of Robust Yellow Bats included Basilia nov. sp. ( Diptera , Nycteribiidae ) and Basilia (Paracyclopodia) sp., the latter infected by Bartonella and Enterobacteriales. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Duron et al. (2014), Hayman & Hill (1971), Kofoky et al. (2009), Rakotondramanana etal. (2015), Rasoanoro et al. (2015), Robbins et al. (1985), Wilkinson et al. (2016).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Scotophilus robustus	Scotophilus		robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	0	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris	108:15:00	Robust House Bat	None.	Madagascar.	N Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii ) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Scotophilus robustus	23	Robust Yellow Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	SCOTOPHILINI	Scotophilus	NA	robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	0	Scotophilus_robustus	Milne-Edwards, A. (1881). Observations sur quelques animaux de Madagascar. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, 91, 1035.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23753#page/1049/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1833A		Madagascar.			robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881	NA	NA	Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Scotophilus_robustus	0	sciname match	Scotophilus_robustus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	20072	Scotophilus robustus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Scotophilus	robustus	Milne-Edwards, 1881	Entire genus needs revision.	20000000	Scotophilus robustus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as although the species is not thought to be abundant and has not often been recorded, the available information indicates that the species is widespread across Madagascar occurring in a wide variety of habitats, including in human habitations. While the threats affecting the species are imperfectly known, there is no reason to expect that the species is currently undergoing a decline that would warrant listing in a threatened category.	There is very little available information on the natural history of this species. It appears to be associated with a remarkable variety of tropical forest types and has been recorded at various levels of human perturbation. It is known to roost in small colonies houses and other buildings (Ratrimomanarivo and Goodman 2005).	The major threats to this species are not well known. This species uses forest habitat, but it also occurs outside of forested areas. There is one reported occurrence of this species being hunted by food by local people, but there is no evidence that this constitutes a major threat (Goodman et al. 2008).	A number of bat surveys have failed to locate this species (Goodman et al. 2005; Robinson et al. 2006; Rakotoarivelo and Randrianandriananina 2007) and it appears not to be locally abundant.	Unknown	This species is endemic to the island of Madagascar, where it is broadly distributed from the coast to the highland plateau up to 1,400 m in Tsinjoarivo (Goodman et al. 2005). This species is rarely recorded, but as more surveys are conducted it is likely that this species will be found to have a wider distribution.		Terrestrial	This species is known from a number of protected areas across Madagascar and does not appear to require specific conservation measures but, like many other Malagasy bats that are not considered to be threatened, there is a lack of basic natural history data.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Scotophilus		robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	0	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris	108:15:00	Robust House Bat	None.	Madagascar.	N Madagascar.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii ) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus . Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.	Scotophilus robustus	1005695	23	Robust Yellow Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	SCOTOPHILINI	Scotophilus	NA	robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	0	Scotophilus_robustus	Milne-Edwards, A. (1881). Observations sur quelques animaux de Madagascar. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, 91, 1035.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23753#page/1049/mode/1up	MNHN 1997-1833A		Madagascar.			robustus Milne-Edwards, 1881	NA	NA				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Scotophilus_robustus	0	sciname match	Scotophilus_robustus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Scotophilus_robustus	1005695	23	Robust Yellow Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Scotophilini	Scotophilus	NA	robustus	A. Milne-Edwards	0	Scotophilus robustus	Milne-Edwards, A. 1881. Observations sur quelques animaux de Madagascar. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 91:1034-1038.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3717537	MNHN-ZM-MO-1997-1833a (= MNHN ? 218)	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1997-1833a	Madagascar.			NA	NA				Madagascar	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Scotophilus_robustus	0	sciname match	Scotophilus_robustus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Scotophilus		robustus	Milne-Edwards	1881	0	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris	108:15:00	Robust House Bat	None.	Madagascar.	N Madagascar.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20072/22032313/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill(1971). However, C. B. Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus. Reviewed byPeterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Scotophilus robustus; Scotophilus robustus; Scotophilus robustus; Scotophilus robustus; Scotophilus robustus; Scotophilus robustus; robustus; Scotophile robuste; Robuste Hausfledermaus; Scotofilorobusto; Robust Yellow Bat; Robust House Bat; Robust House Bat; S. robustus