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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L155	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris mexicana		[MSW2] It is doubtful that ponsi Pirlot, 1967 (described from NW Venezuela) is referrable to this genus, and the description is inadequate to allocate it; see Jones and Carter (1976:18). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987, Mammalian Species, 291).; [MSW3] Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).; [HMW] Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844 , “Mejico [= Mexico ].” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus  periosus ; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).; [IUCN] Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus ; see Koopman (1994).; [batnames2023] Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus  periosus ; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).														mexicana	Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus ; see Koopman (1994).			mexicana 	mexicana, opercularis			mexicana von Tschudi, 1844|opercularis von Tschudi, 1844 [not used as valid]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Mexican long-nosed bat	S California, S Arizona, S New Mexico – Honduras, NW Venezuela	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Choeronycteris mexicana	Mexico.	Tschudi	1844	Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Peruana, p. 72.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Mexican long-tongued bat	S California, S Arizona, S New Mexico – Honduras, (?) NW Venezuela	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Tschudi	1844	Fauna Peruana, 1:72.	It is doubtful that ponsi Pirlot, 1967 (described from NW Venezuela) is referrable to this genus, and the description is inadequate to allocate it; see Jones and Carter (1976:18). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987, Mammalian Species, 291).	Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela.	Mexico.		TSCHUDI	1844	Size relatively large (forearm length, 42-47 mm; condylobasal length, 28-30 mm).	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.	No subspecies here recognized.		83	species	C. mexicana	TSCHUDI	1844	Choeronycteris	subgenus	Choeronycteris mexicana				Size relatively large (forearm length, 42-47 mm; condylobasal length, 28-30 mm).	No subspecies here recognized.		1. C. mexicana TSCHUDI 1844.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Glossophagini	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris		mexicana	Tschudi		1844		Fauna Peruana	1		72		Mexican Long-tongued Bat	Mexico.	Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela (Koopman, 1993).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).	03A687BCFF96FF9916A6F8BFFAFDF39D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	523	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF96FF9916A6F8BFFAFDF39D.xml	Choeronycteris mexicana	Phyllostomidae	Choeronycteris	mexicana	Tschudi	1844	Choéronyctére du Mexique @fr | Langschnauzenfledermaus @de | Coeronicteriode Mexico @es	Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844 , “Mejico [= Mexico ].” This species is monotypic.	SW USA (from S California , S Arizona , SW New Mexico , and extreme S Texas ) S throughout most of Mexico (including Baja California Peninsula and Marias Is, but not Gulf slope lowlands and Yucatan Peninsula) S to El Salvador and Honduras .	Head-body 81-103 mm, tail 6-12 mm, ear 3-7 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 39-45 mm; weight 20 g . The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is medium-sized, with generally grayish to brownish pelage and elongated muzzle. Tail is relatively short, about one-third the length of naked uropatagium and about one-half the length of femur. Rostrum is elongated, accounting for 40-50% of length of cranium, and zygomata are incomplete. Dental formulais12/0.C1/1,PM 2/3. M 3/5 ( x2 ) = 30 teeth.	Tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forests, arid lands, and pine and pineoak forests, known from elevations of 300-3600 m.	The Mexican Long-tongued Bat eats nectar and pollen. Stomach contents from Mexico contained pollen grains from Lemaireocereus sp. ( Cactaceae ), Ipomoea sp. ( Convolvulaceae ), Agave sp. ( Asparagaceae ), and Myrtillocactus sp. ( Cactaceae ). It reportedly eats nectar and pollen of the shaving brush tree ( Pseudobombax ellipticum, Malvaceae ).	The Mexican Long-tongued Bat has been variously reported to be monoestrous or as having a bimodal reproduction pattern. In general, pregnant and lactating females are found in March—July, but pregnant females have also been found in February—April and again in July-September. In Mexico , pregnant females have been found mainly in February-March and September.	The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is nocturnal. Its activity pattern coincides with night-blooming plants. It roosts in cave entrances and abandoned mines and has been found in basements of abandoned houses and hollow trees.	Mexican Long-tongued Bats apparently have latitudinal migrations. They have been found flying near columnar cacti fruits with long-nosed bats ( Leptonycteris spp.). In the northern part ofits distribution, Mexican Long-tongued Bats share roosts with Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer), Big Brown Bats ( Eptesicus fuscus), Townsend's Big-eared Bats ( Plecotus townsendir), and Mexican Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis ). In the southern part ofits distribution, it shares roosts with other long-tongued bats ( Glossophaga spp.).	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is considered endangered on the Mexican list of threatened species.	Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987) | Gardner (1977b) | Goodwin (1946) | Ortega & Arita (2014a) | Phillips (1971) | SEMARNAT (2010) | Solari (2018e) | Tschudi (1844) | Villa (1967) | Wilson (1979) | Wilson & Ruff (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458762/files/figure.png	77. Mexican Long-tongued Bat Choeronycteris mexicana French: Choéronyctére du Mexique / German: Langschnauzenfledermaus / Spanish: Coeronicterio de Mexico Taxonomy. Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844 , “Mejico [= Mexico ].” This species is monotypic. Distribution. SW USA (from S California , S Arizona , SW New Mexico , and extreme S Texas ) S throughout most of Mexico (including Baja California Peninsula and Marias Is, but not Gulf slope lowlands and Yucatan Peninsula) S to El Salvador and Honduras . Descriptive notes. Head-body 81-103 mm, tail 6-12 mm, ear 3-7 mm, hindfoot 10-13 mm, forearm 39-45 mm; weight 20 g . The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is medium-sized, with generally grayish to brownish pelage and elongated muzzle. Tail is relatively short, about one-third the length of naked uropatagium and about one-half the length of femur. Rostrum is elongated, accounting for 40-50% of length of cranium, and zygomata are incomplete. Dental formulais12/0.C1/1,PM 2/3. M 3/5 ( x2 ) = 30 teeth. Habitat. Tropical deciduous and subdeciduous forests, arid lands, and pine and pineoak forests, known from elevations of 300-3600 m. Food and Feeding. The Mexican Long-tongued Bat eats nectar and pollen. Stomach contents from Mexico contained pollen grains from Lemaireocereus sp. ( Cactaceae ), Ipomoea sp. ( Convolvulaceae ), Agave sp. ( Asparagaceae ), and Myrtillocactus sp. ( Cactaceae ). It reportedly eats nectar and pollen of the shaving brush tree ( Pseudobombax ellipticum, Malvaceae ). Breeding. The Mexican Long-tongued Bat has been variously reported to be monoestrous or as having a bimodal reproduction pattern. In general, pregnant and lactating females are found in March—July, but pregnant females have also been found in February—April and again in July-September. In Mexico , pregnant females have been found mainly in February-March and September. Activity patterns. The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is nocturnal. Its activity pattern coincides with night-blooming plants. It roosts in cave entrances and abandoned mines and has been found in basements of abandoned houses and hollow trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Mexican Long-tongued Bats apparently have latitudinal migrations. They have been found flying near columnar cacti fruits with long-nosed bats ( Leptonycteris spp.). In the northern part ofits distribution, Mexican Long-tongued Bats share roosts with Cave Myotis ( Myotis velifer), Big Brown Bats ( Eptesicus fuscus), Townsend's Big-eared Bats ( Plecotus townsendir), and Mexican Free-tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis ). In the southern part ofits distribution, it shares roosts with other long-tongued bats ( Glossophaga spp.). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Mexican Long-tongued Bat is considered endangered on the Mexican list of threatened species. Bibliography. Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987), Gardner (1977b), Goodwin (1946), Ortega & Arita (2014a), Phillips (1971), SEMARNAT (2010), Solari (2018e), Tschudi (1844), Villa (1967), Wilson (1979), Wilson & Ruff (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Choeronycteris mexicana	Choeronycteris		mexicana	Tschudi	1844	0	Fauna Peruana	0.0917	Mexican Long-tongued Bat	None.	Mexico.	Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela (Koopman, 1993).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus  periosus ; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Choeronycteris mexicana	23	Mexican Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Choeronycteris	NA	mexicana	Tschudi	1844	0	Choeronycteris_mexicana	Tschudi, J. J. (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, St. Gallen, 1844–47, St. Gallen,1844-46, 72.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/118/mode/1up	ZMB 418		"Mejico [= Mexico]."			mexicana Tschudi, 1844	NA	NA	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	sciname match	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4776	Choeronycteris mexicana	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Choeronycteris	mexicana	Tschudi, 1844	Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus ; see Koopman (1994).	20000000	Choeronycteris mexicana	Near Threatened	A2c	2018	2018-01-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Near Threatened because, although the species is still reasonably widely distributed, it is dependent on fragile and threatened habitats (arid thorn scrub, tropical deciduous forest), it is migratory, and might be in significant decline (but at a rate of less than 30% over ten years) due to human activities at cave roosts as well as habitat conversion on parts of its range. Almost qualifies as threatened under criterion A2c.	Mexican long-tongued bats are known to inhabit deep canyons in small, insular, mountain ranges (Wilson and Ruff 1999). This species can be found in desert scrub, tropical deciduous, and mixed pine-oak forest (Reid 2009). It roosts in caves and mines, less commonly in buildings and culverts. Individuals are spaced 2 to 5 cm apart and hang near the roost entrance where they remain alert and fly out if disturbed. This species leaves the roost shortly after sunset, and feeds on pollen and nectar of agaves, cacti, Ipomoea , Ceiba , and other plants. Cactus fruits are also eaten, as well as insects (occasionally). In southeast Arizona, this bat often visits hummingbird feeders, where it hovers in flight while lapping the nectar. Northern populations migrate south for the winter. Young are born in June to July in Arizona and New Mexico (Arroyo-Cabrales et al.  ;1987, Reid 2009), and earlier to the south, with pregnant females from March to September (Wilson and Ruff 1999).	Possible threats include recreational caving, natural or intentional mine closures, renewed mining, mine reclamation, and loss of food resources. They are very sensitive to intrusion and tend to fly out of the roost when disturbed (Arroyo-Cabrales et al . 1987). Long term sustainability of food sources is extremely important for this species. Modification of these sources by development or grazing can cause direct loss of food plants.	This bat is fairly common (Reid 2009, Wilson and Ruff 1999). Not so common in Guatemala and Mexico, but not rare (Perez and Arroyo-Cabrales, pers. comm.). ;Fewer than 400 individuals have been observed in the United States since 1906 (Texas Parks and Wildlife Department). ;Only as a summer resident in southwestern United States and extreme southern Texas (Wilson and Ruff 1999).	Unknown	This species is known from Honduras and El Salvador to south California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA), with a single record from south Texas (Wilson and Ruff 1999, Simmons 2005). It occurs from lowlands to 2,400 m (Arroyo-Cabrales et al . 1987, Reid 2009).		Terrestrial	Found in protected areas. In Mexico it is listed as threatened under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.). ;This species is considered Sensitive by the U.S. Forest Service, is considered to be Rare in Texas and Mexico, is proposed as a Species of Special Concern in California, and is included in Arizona Game and Fish Department's wildlife of Special Concern in Arizona.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Choeronycteris		mexicana	Tschudi	1844	0	Fauna Peruana	0.091667	Mexican Long-tongued Bat	None.	Mexico.	Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela (Koopman, 1993).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Does not include ponsi , which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus  periosus ; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).	Choeronycteris mexicana	1004902	23	Mexican Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	CHOERONYCTERINI	Choeronycteris	NA	mexicana	Tschudi	1844	0	Choeronycteris_mexicana	Tschudi, J. J. (1844). Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana, St. Gallen, 1844–47, St. Gallen,1844-46, 72.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123645#page/118/mode/1up	ZMB 418		"Mejico [= Mexico]."			mexicana Tschudi, 1844	NA	NA			USA(CA,AZ,NM,TX)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	sciname match	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Choeronycteris_mexicana	1004902	23	Mexican Long-tongued Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Choeronycterini	Choeronycteris	NA	mexicana	von Tschudi	0	Choeronycteris mexicana	Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844. [Part 2]. Pp. 21–76 in Tschudi, J.J. von. 1844-1845. Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 262 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40007856	ZMB 418	holotype		"Mejico [= Mexico]."			NA	NA			USA(CA,AZ,NM,TX)	United States|Mexico|Guatemala|El Salvador|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	NT	0	0	0	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	sciname match	Choeronycteris_mexicana	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Choeronycteris		mexicana	Tschudi	1844	0	Fauna Peruana	0.091667	Mexican Long-tongued Bat	None.	Mexico.	Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela (Koopman, 1993).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4776/22042479/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994). SeeArroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Choeronycterina	Choeronycteris mexicana; Choeronycteris mexicana; Choeronycteris mexicana; Choeronycteris mexicana; Choeronycteris mexicana; Choeronycteris mexicana; mexicana; Choéronyctére du Mexique; Langschnauzenfledermaus; Coeronicteriode Mexico; Mexican Long-tongued Bat; Mexican Long-tongued Bat; Mexican Long-tongued Bat; C. mexicana