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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1511	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx canescens		[MSW2] Includes pumila; see Husson (1962:46).; [MSW3] Includes pumila; see Husson (1962).; [HMW] Saccopteryx canescens Thomas, 1901 , “ Obidos ,” Para , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Includes pumila ; see Husson (1962).; [IUCN] This species may be confused with S. gymnura .; [batnames2023] Includes pumila ; see Husson (1962).; [batnames2025_1.7] Includes pumila; see Husson (1962).				pumila		pumila.	canescens, pumila	canescens, pumila	leptura	canescens, pumila		canescens, pumila	leptura	canescens, pumila	This species may be confused with S. gymnura .	canescens, pumila		canescens, pumila	canescens, pumila, canescans	canescens, pumila		canescens O. Thomas, 1901|pumila O. Thomas, 1914|canescans Shapley, D. E. Wilson, A. N. Warren, & A. A. Barnett, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Colombia – Peru, Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Saccopteryx canescens	Brazil, Para, Obidos.	Thomas	1901	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 7:366.	Distribution: In tropical South America from central Colombia and east ern Peru to the mouth of the Amazon.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Colombia – Peru, Brazil	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1901	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 7:366.	Includes pumila; see Husson (1962:46).	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru.	Brazil, Para, Obidos.		THOMAS	1901	Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-41 mm; maxillary toothrow length, 5.0-5.5 mm). Free edge of pla giopatagium attached to tibia. Ear relatively nar row. Indistinct longitudinal pale lines on a more or less grizzled back.	Distribution: In tropical South America from central Colombia and east ern Peru to the mouth of the Amazon.	Two sub species here recognized:	S. c. canescens (range except eastern Venezuela). S. c. pumila (eastern Venezuela).	46	species	S. canescens	THOMAS	1901	Saccopteryx	genus	Saccopteryx canescens				Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-41 mm; maxillary toothrow length, 5.0-5.5 mm). Free edge of pla giopatagium attached to tibia. Ear relatively nar row. Indistinct longitudinal pale lines on a more or less grizzled back.	Two sub species here recognized:		3. S. canescens THOMAS 1901.	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx		canescens	Thomas		1901		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	7		366		Frosted Sac-winged Bat	Brazil, Pará, Obidos.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	leptura J. A. Allen, 1900 [preoccupied by leptura Schreber, 1774]; pumila Thomas, 1914.	Includes pumila; see Husson (1962).	03D587F2FFD84C1CF82D2400F549FB92	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	372	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFD84C13FF7F3AA7F45AF854.xml	Saccopteryx canescens	Emballonuridae	Saccopteryx	canescens	Thomas	1901	Saccoptère givré @fr | Weissgraue Sackflügelfledermaus @de | Sacóptero escarchado @es | Frosted White-lined Bat @en | Gray White-lined Bat @en	Saccopteryx canescens Thomas, 1901 , “ Obidos ,” Para , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized.	S . c. canescens Thomas, 1901 - E Colombia, most of Venezuela, the Guianas, E Peru, and W & N Brazil. S . c. pumila Thomas, 1914 - lower Orinoco in Venezuela, distribution outside this area is not understood.	Head—body 38-44 mm, tail 16-18 mm, ear 11-14 mm, hindfoot 6-5—8 mm, forearm 35-39 mm; weight 3-5 g. Dorsal fur of the Frosted Sac- winged Bat is tawny to gray-brown, frosted with gray or yellow hair tips especially on head. Venter is paler and also composed of bicolored hairs. There usually are two, wavy , white lines on back, but they can be indistinct. Fur extends onto wings for about one-third the length of distance to elbow and onto uropatagium completely to distal tip of tail. Glandular sac is well developed in males and lies on propatagia close to elbows. Flight membranes are brown. Eyes are large, with brown irises. Ear is narrow . Tragus margin is smooth and rounded.	Lowland, multi-strata, evergreen forests, often near streams and wetlands, and clearings from sea level to elevations of c .500 m.	The Frosted Sac-winged Bat feeds on tiny aerial insects while foraging over streams and rivers, wetiands, clearings, tree gaps, towns, and pastures. It will forage in vegetative clutter.	Lactation of the Frosted Sac-winged Bat occurs in July in Venezuela .	The Frosted Sac-winged Bat roosts under boulders and in rock piles and buildings.	Roosting groups of Frosted Sacwinged Bats are alert and fly in tight formations as a group to escape disturbance. Groups consist of 5—15 individuals. One group of five individuals included one adult male, two adult females, a subadult female, and a subadult male, suggesting a harem structured breeding system.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Frosted Sac-winged Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population.	Davis (1976 a) | Eisenberg (1989) | Emmons & Feer (1997)	https://zenodo.org/record/3748003/files/figure.png	52 . Frosted Sac-winged Bat Saccopteryx canescens French: Saccoptère givré I German: Weissgraue Sackflügelfledermaus I Spanish: Sacóptero escarchado Other common names: Frosted White-lined Bat, Gray White-lined Bat Taxonomy . Saccopteryx canescens Thomas, 1901 , “ Obidos ,” Para , Brazil . Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. S . c. canescens Thomas, 1901 - E Colombia, most of Venezuela, the Guianas, E Peru, and W & N Brazil. S . c. pumila Thomas, 1914 - lower Orinoco in Venezuela, distribution outside this area is not understood. Descriptive notes. Head—body 38-44 mm, tail 16-18 mm, ear 11-14 mm, hindfoot 6-5—8 mm, forearm 35-39 mm; weight 3-5 g. Dorsal fur of the Frosted Sac- winged Bat is tawny to gray-brown, frosted with gray or yellow hair tips especially on head. Venter is paler and also composed of bicolored hairs. There usually are two, wavy , white lines on back, but they can be indistinct. Fur extends onto wings for about one-third the length of distance to elbow and onto uropatagium completely to distal tip of tail. Glandular sac is well developed in males and lies on propatagia close to elbows. Flight membranes are brown. Eyes are large, with brown irises. Ear is narrow . Tragus margin is smooth and rounded. Habitat . Lowland, multi-strata, evergreen forests, often near streams and wetlands, and clearings from sea level to elevations of c .500 m. Food and Feeding . The Frosted Sac-winged Bat feeds on tiny aerial insects while foraging over streams and rivers, wetiands, clearings, tree gaps, towns, and pastures. It will forage in vegetative clutter. Breeding . Lactation of the Frosted Sac-winged Bat occurs in July in Venezuela . Activity patterns. The Frosted Sac-winged Bat roosts under boulders and in rock piles and buildings. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roosting groups of Frosted Sacwinged Bats are alert and fly in tight formations as a group to escape disturbance. Groups consist of 5—15 individuals. One group of five individuals included one adult male, two adult females, a subadult female, and a subadult male, suggesting a harem structured breeding system. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Frosted Sac-winged Bat has a large distribution and presumably large and stable overall population. Bibliography. Davis (1976 a ), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons & Feer (1997).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Saccopteryx canescens	Saccopteryx		canescens	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 7: 366	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	 leptura J. A. Allen, 1900 [preoccupied by leptura Schreber, 1774]; <b> pumila </b> Thomas, 1914.	Brazil, Par&aacute;, Obidos.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes pumila ; see Husson (1962).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Saccopteryx canescens	23	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	Frosted White-lined Bat|Gray White-lined Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Saccopteryx	NA	canescens	O. Thomas	1901	0	Saccopteryx_canescens	Thomas, O. (1901). New species of Saccopteryx, Sciurus, Rhipidomys, and Tatu from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.7, 7, 366.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84522#page/396/mode/1up	BM 1899.11.2.2		"Obidos," Pará, Brazil.			canescens O. Thomas, 1901|pumila O. Thomas, 1914	NA	NA	Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Ecuador|Brazil	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	sciname match	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19805	Saccopteryx canescens	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Saccopteryx	canescens	Thomas, 1901	This species may be confused with S. gymnura .	20000000	Saccopteryx canescens	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because it is common and widely distributed.	This small bat is poorly known. It frequents multistratal evergreen forests at low elevations (Eisenberg 1989). It is often found near streams and moist areas and in clearings. It co-occurs over much of its range with S. leptura , but the exact way the two species partition resources is poorly understood. It is insectivorous and forages in small openings in the forest, around camps (where it often flies through buildings), river edges and pastures (Emmons and Feer 1997). It is regularly recorded in gaps. It is an aerial insectivore that forages in background cluttered space.	In general, deforestation is a potential threat in the region but this is probably not specific to any species of New World emballonurid bat because none of them have a restricted area of endemism, other than perhaps ;Balantioperyx infusca ;and ;Saccopteryx antioquensis .	It is sometimes common (Emmons and Feer 1997) but is poorly known (Lim pers. comm.).	Unknown	This species is distributed from eastern Colombia across northern South America, including Venezuela and the Guianas, to northern Brazil and Peru (Eisenberg 1989, Koopman 1993). It typically occurs below 500 m asl in Venezuela (Handley 1976).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	Retention of primary forest is the recommended conservation action. This species occurs in some protected areas, as with most New World emballonurid bats because they are usually widely distributed.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Saccopteryx		canescens	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 7: 366	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	 leptura J. A. Allen, 1900 [preoccupied by leptura Schreber, 1774]; <b> pumila </b> Thomas, 1914.	Brazil, Par&aacute;, Obidos.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Includes pumila ; see Husson (1962).	Saccopteryx canescens	1004795	23	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	Frosted White-lined Bat|Gray White-lined Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Saccopteryx	NA	canescens	O. Thomas	1901	0	Saccopteryx_canescens	Thomas, O. (1901). New species of Saccopteryx, Sciurus, Rhipidomys, and Tatu from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser.7, 7, 366.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84522#page/396/mode/1up	BM 1899.11.2.2		"Obidos," Pará, Brazil.			canescens O. Thomas, 1901|pumila O. Thomas, 1914	NA	NA				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Ecuador|Brazil	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	sciname match	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Saccopteryx_canescens	1004795	23	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	Frosted White-lined Bat|Gray White-lined Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Diclidurini	Saccopteryx	NA	canescens	O. Thomas	0	Saccopteryx canescens	Thomas, O. 1901-04-01. New species of _Saccopteryx_, _Sciurus_, _Rhipidomys_, and _Tatu_ from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)7(40):366-371.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24345240	BMNH:Mamm:1899.11.2.2	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7a07751b-cfb6-441a-9b55-c6e973756530	"Obidos," Pará, Brazil.			NA	NA				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Peru|Ecuador|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	sciname match	Saccopteryx_canescens	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Saccopteryx		canescens	Thomas	1901	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 7: 366	Frosted Sac-winged Bat	leptura J. A. Allen, 1900 [preoccupied by leptura Schreber, 1774]; pumila Thomas, 1914.	Brazil, Par&aacute;, Obidos.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19805/22005456/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Includes pumila; see Husson (1962).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Saccopteryx canescens; Saccopteryx canescens; Saccopteryx canescens; Saccopteryx canescens; Saccopteryx canescens; Saccopteryx canescens; canescens; pumila; leptura; canescens; pumila; pumila; leptura; canescens; pumila; Saccoptère givré; Weissgraue Sackflügelfledermaus; Sacóptero escarchado; Frosted White-lined Bat; Gray White-lined Bat; Frosted Sac-winged Bat; Frosted White-lined Bat; Gray White-lined Bat; Frosted Sac-winged Bat; Frosted Sac-winged Bat; S. canescens