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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1497	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rousettus leschenaulti	Rousettus leschenaulti	Rousettus leschenaulti	Rousettus leschenaulti	Rousettus leschenaulti	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus leschenaultii		[MSW2] Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970:82).; [MSW3] Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei. Kock et al. (2000b) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Kock et al. (2000b). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but I prefer the original spelling.; [HMW] Pteropus leschenaultii Desmarest, 1820 , Pondicherry , India . Three subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Rousettus . Includes seminudus ; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei . Kock et al. (2000 b ) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000 b ). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.; [IUCN] Two subspecies are recognized: Rousettus leschenaultii seminudus (endemic to Sri Lanka) and Rousettus leschenaultii leschenaultii distributed throughout the rest of the range (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Rousettus . Includes seminudus ; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei . Kock et al. (2000 b ) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000 b ). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei. Kock et al. (2000b) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000b). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.				seminudus		affinis, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, pyrivorus, seminudus, shortridgei.	leschenaulti, seminudus, shortridgei	leschenaultii, seminudus, shortridgei	affinis, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, marginatus, pirivarus, pyrivorus	leschenaultii, seminudus, shortridgei		leschenaultii, seminudus, shortridgei	leschenaultii - affinis, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, marginatus, pirivarus, pyrivorus	leschenaultii, pyrivorus, affinis, marginatus, seminudus, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, shortridgei	Two subspecies are recognized: Rousettus leschenaultii seminudus (endemic to Sri Lanka) and Rousettus leschenaultii leschenaultii distributed throughout the rest of the range (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012).	leschenaultii, seminudus, shortridgei	leschenaultii - affinis, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, marginatus, pirivarus, pyrivorus	leschenaultii, pyrivorus, affinis, marginatus, seminudus, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, shortridgei	leschenaultii, pyrivorus, pirivarus, affinis, marginatus, privorus, seminudus, taraiyensis, fuliginosus, fuscus, seminudus, infuscatus, shortridgei, leschenaulti	leschenaultii, seminudus, shortridgei	leschenaultii - affinis, fuliginosa, fusca, infuscata, marginatus, pirivarus, pyrivorus 	leschenaultii (A. G. Desmarest, 1821)|pyrivorus (B. H. Hodgson, 1835)|pirivarus (B. H. Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]|affinis (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]|marginatus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]|privorus (B. H. Hodgson, 1844) [incorrect subsequent spelling | nomen nudum]|seminudus (Kelaart, 1850)|taraiyensis (J. E. Gray, 1863) [not used as valid]|fuliginosus (J. E. Gray, 1871)|fuscus (J. E. Gray, 1871)|infuscatus (W. C. H. Peters, 1873)|leschenaulti Andersen, 1907 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|shortridgei O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909|leschenaultia A. Kumar, G. Sharma, & I. A. Khan, 2022 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Pakistan – Thailand – S China; Sri Lanka	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rousettus leschenaulti	India, Pondicherry.	Desmarest	1820	Encyclop. Method. Mamm., 1:110.	Distribution: This species ranges from Pakistan across India and the Indo-Chinese region to southeastern China, Vietnam, and peninsular Thailand, also Sri Lanka and, with a gap in Malaya, Sumatra, Simalur, Java and Bali.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Leschenault's rousette	Pakistan – Vietnam – S China; Sri Lanka, Java, Bali	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Desmarest	1820	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. M4thod., 1:110.	Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970:82).	Sri Lanka; Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isis (Indonesia).	India, Pondicherry.		DESMAREST	1820	A medium sized species (forearm length, 75-96 mm; pollex, 23-31 mm; second phalanx of third digit, 41-51 mm). Molars relatively broad. Median edge of plagiopatagium attached to side of body. Uropatagium naked. Body fur relatively short. Last lower molar about twice as long as broad.	Distribution: This species ranges from Pakistan across India and the Indo-Chinese region to southeastern China, Vietnam, and peninsular Thailand, also Sri Lanka and, with a gap in Malaya, Sumatra, Simalur, Java and Bali.	Three subspecies may be recognized:	R. l. leschenaulti (mainland range), R. l. seminudus (Sri Lanka), R. I. shortridgei (Sumatra, Simalur, Java, Bali).	19	species	R. leschenaulti	DESMAREST	1820	Rousettus	subgenus	Rousettus leschenaulti				A medium sized species (forearm length, 75-96 mm; pollex, 23-31 mm; second phalanx of third digit, 41-51 mm). Molars relatively broad. Median edge of plagiopatagium attached to side of body. Uropatagium naked. Body fur relatively short. Last lower molar about twice as long as broad.	Three subspecies may be recognized:		2. R. leschenaulti (DESMAREST 1820).	2	_R. l. leschenaultii_ (Desmarest, 1821) (synonyms: _affinis_ (Gray, 1843), _fuliginosus_ (Gray, 1871), _fuscus_ (Gray, 1871), _infuscatus_ (Peters, 1873), _marginatus_ (Gray, 1843), _pirivarus_ (Hodgson, 1841), _pyrivorus_ (Hodgson, 1835), _taraiyensis_ (Gray, 1863)); _R. l. seminudus_ (Kelaart, 1850); _R. l. shortridgei_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1909			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	leschenaultii	Desmarest	y	1820		Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méthod.	1		110		Leschenault's Rousette	India, Pondicherry.	Sri Lanka; Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	affinis Gray, 1843; fuliginosa Gray, 1871; fusca Gray, 1871; infuscata Peters, 1873; marginatus Gray, 1843 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; pirivarus Hodgson, 1841; pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835; seminudus Kelaart, 1850; shortridgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei. Kock et al. (2000b) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Kock et al. (2000b). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but I prefer the original spelling.	03AD87FAFFD8F6378CAF3F76FC44FA37	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	86	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFD8F63689AA38BBF93EF481.xml	Rousettus leschenaultii	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1821	Roussette de Leschenault @fr | Leschenault-Flughund @de | Rosetus de Leschenault @es | Fulvous Fruit Bat @en | Shortridge’s Rousette @en	Pteropus leschenaultii Desmarest, 1820 , Pondicherry , India . Three subspecies are recognized.	R.l.leschenaultiiDesmarest,1820—Paki-stan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cam-bodia,SChina,andcoastalIs,includingHainanI. R.l.seminudus].E.Gray,1870—SriLanka. R. l. shortridgei Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Sumatra (including Simeulue I), Java , Bali , and Lombok Is.	Head-body 80- 125 mm , tail 13-17-5> mm, ear 17-24 mm , hindfoot 17-23- 5 mm , forearm 77- 96- 3 mm ; weight 40-92- 5 g . Leschenault’s Rousette is distinguished from its congeners by comparatively longer C'-M?* and M,. Muzzle is short and slender; tips of ears are not attenuated; pollex is markedly short; wings are short, especially in segment of first and second phalanx of third digit; and feet are small. Outer margins of ears are much more convex than inner margins, and tips are broad. Antitragal lobes are small and rounded. Furis similar in quality and distribution to that of Geoffroy’s Rousette ( R. amplexicaudatus ), but tibia is thinly haired. Pelage is darker and browner, especially on crown, although variations have been recorded. Teeth are also small, and molars are somewhat narrow. Premaxillae project sharply forward, and border of palate is sharply angulate. Palatal ridges 4 + 3 + 1. M,is similar in length to M, and M, 1s elliptical in outline. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 68.	Hilly regions with evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous forests (Northern Western Ghats, India ) and tropical rainforest ( Yunnan , China ). Leschenault’s Rousette seems very sensitive to human-induced habitat disturbance and to prefer high relative humidity in roosting sites.	L.eschenault’s Rousette is frugivore but also feeds on nectar, pollen, and leaves. It consumes fruits of from at least 18 genera in 13 families; only near ripe and ripe fruits are eaten. Leschenault’s Rousette also consumed leaves of Beilschmiedia purpurascens ( Lauraceae ) and nectar of Ceiba ( Malvaceae ) and Musa ( Musaceae ). Captive experiments showed that odor might act as the primary food cue when foraging. Leschenault’s Rousettes usually forage alone. Leschenault’s Rousettes disperse randomly to forage in nearby forests (Northern Western Ghats). Mist net captures were 2-23- 5 m high, with upper canopy preferred.	In Yunnan Province (southern China ), Leschenault’s Rousettes breeds yearround, with peak in March-May. In the Western Ghats,lactating females were found in summer and post-monsoon seasons, suggesting seasonal polyestry and postpartum estrus. During this time, females segregate temporarily not too far from the main cluster. Menstrualcycle is 33 days, with one day of bleeding. One young is born per pregnancy.	Leschenault’s Rousettes emerge from roosts late in the evening in groups of a few individuals. Foraging time pattern is influenced by moon phase. Navigation is accomplished with echolocation using single and double tongue clicks, with simple clicks emitted either in beginning or end ofclick sequences. Simple brief impulsive clicks and reduction in interpulse interval when approaching walls suggest a good ability to avoid obstacles, similar to that of laryngeal echolocating bats. Leschenault’s Rousettes roost in natural caves but might also use man-made structures (e.g. dam tunnels).	Leschenault’s Rousette appears to share roosts with other bat species. Colonies can have more than 10,000 individuals that form compact clusters and include adults and young, occupying high corners of caves. Individuals constantly change their positions in a cluster. Genetic studies including mitochondrial and microsatellite loci showed little demographic structure across sites from India to Vietnam and China . This pattern suggests high levels of gene flow among colonies.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Leschenault’s Rousette is widely distributed, population is presumably very large, and it tolerates habitat disturbance, so it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to be listed in a more threatened category. Nevertheless, it is locally threatened by hunting (for consumption and medicinal uses) and human disturbance at roosting sites (mining, tourism and other activities). Across South Asia, Leschenault’s Rousette is classified as vermin and persecuted by humans using poisoning, fumigation, and stoning.	Aeshita et al. (2006) | Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates & Helgen (2008) | Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982) | Korad & Gaikwad (2008) | Raghuram, Gopukumar & Sripathi (2007) | Raghuram, Singaravelan et al. (2011) | Singaravelan & Marimuthu (2004) | Shahbaz, Javid, Javed et al. (2014) | Sudhakaran & Doss (2012) | Zhang Xiaoping et al. (2007)		43. Leschenault’s Rousette Rousettus leschenaultii French: Roussette de Leschenault / German: Leschenault-Flughund / Spanish: Rosetus de Leschenault Other common names: Fulvous Fruit Bat , Shortridge’s Rousette Taxonomy. Pteropus leschenaultii Desmarest, 1820 , Pondicherry , India . Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R.l.leschenaultiiDesmarest,1820—Paki-stan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cam-bodia,SChina,andcoastalIs,includingHainanI. R.l.seminudus].E.Gray,1870—SriLanka. R. l. shortridgei Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Sumatra (including Simeulue I), Java , Bali , and Lombok Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body 80- 125 mm , tail 13-17-5> mm, ear 17-24 mm , hindfoot 17-23- 5 mm , forearm 77- 96- 3 mm ; weight 40-92- 5 g . Leschenault’s Rousette is distinguished from its congeners by comparatively longer C'-M?* and M,. Muzzle is short and slender; tips of ears are not attenuated; pollex is markedly short; wings are short, especially in segment of first and second phalanx of third digit; and feet are small. Outer margins of ears are much more convex than inner margins, and tips are broad. Antitragal lobes are small and rounded. Furis similar in quality and distribution to that of Geoffroy’s Rousette ( R. amplexicaudatus ), but tibia is thinly haired. Pelage is darker and browner, especially on crown, although variations have been recorded. Teeth are also small, and molars are somewhat narrow. Premaxillae project sharply forward, and border of palate is sharply angulate. Palatal ridges 4 + 3 + 1. M,is similar in length to M, and M, 1s elliptical in outline. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 68. Habitat. Hilly regions with evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous forests (Northern Western Ghats, India ) and tropical rainforest ( Yunnan , China ). Leschenault’s Rousette seems very sensitive to human-induced habitat disturbance and to prefer high relative humidity in roosting sites. Food and Feeding. L.eschenault’s Rousette is frugivore but also feeds on nectar, pollen, and leaves. It consumes fruits of from at least 18 genera in 13 families; only near ripe and ripe fruits are eaten. Leschenault’s Rousette also consumed leaves of Beilschmiedia purpurascens ( Lauraceae ) and nectar of Ceiba ( Malvaceae ) and Musa ( Musaceae ). Captive experiments showed that odor might act as the primary food cue when foraging. Leschenault’s Rousettes usually forage alone. Leschenault’s Rousettes disperse randomly to forage in nearby forests (Northern Western Ghats). Mist net captures were 2-23- 5 m high, with upper canopy preferred. Breeding. In Yunnan Province (southern China ), Leschenault’s Rousettes breeds yearround, with peak in March-May. In the Western Ghats,lactating females were found in summer and post-monsoon seasons, suggesting seasonal polyestry and postpartum estrus. During this time, females segregate temporarily not too far from the main cluster. Menstrualcycle is 33 days, with one day of bleeding. One young is born per pregnancy. Activity patterns. Leschenault’s Rousettes emerge from roosts late in the evening in groups of a few individuals. Foraging time pattern is influenced by moon phase. Navigation is accomplished with echolocation using single and double tongue clicks, with simple clicks emitted either in beginning or end ofclick sequences. Simple brief impulsive clicks and reduction in interpulse interval when approaching walls suggest a good ability to avoid obstacles, similar to that of laryngeal echolocating bats. Leschenault’s Rousettes roost in natural caves but might also use man-made structures (e.g. dam tunnels). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Leschenault’s Rousette appears to share roosts with other bat species. Colonies can have more than 10,000 individuals that form compact clusters and include adults and young, occupying high corners of caves. Individuals constantly change their positions in a cluster. Genetic studies including mitochondrial and microsatellite loci showed little demographic structure across sites from India to Vietnam and China . This pattern suggests high levels of gene flow among colonies. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Leschenault’s Rousette is widely distributed, population is presumably very large, and it tolerates habitat disturbance, so it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to be listed in a more threatened category. Nevertheless, it is locally threatened by hunting (for consumption and medicinal uses) and human disturbance at roosting sites (mining, tourism and other activities). Across South Asia, Leschenault’s Rousette is classified as vermin and persecuted by humans using poisoning, fumigation, and stoning. Bibliography. Aeshita et al. (2006), Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates & Helgen (2008), Harada, Minezawa et al. (1982), Korad & Gaikwad (2008), Raghuram, Gopukumar & Sripathi (2007), Raghuram, Singaravelan et al. (2011), Singaravelan & Marimuthu (2004), Shahbaz, Javid, Javed et al. (2014), Sudhakaran & Doss (2012), Zhang Xiaoping et al. (2007).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Rousettus leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1820	1	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. M&eacute;thod.	0.1181	Leschenault's Rousette	 affinis Gray, 1843; fuliginosa Gray, 1871; fusca  Gray, 1871; infuscata Peters, 1873; marginatus  Gray, 1843 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; pirivarus Hodgson, 1841; pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835; <b>seminudus</b> Kelaart, 1850; <b>shortridgei</b> Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	India, Pondicherry	Sri Lanka; SE Iran, Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia)	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Subgenus Rousettus . Includes seminudus ; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei . Kock et al. (2000 b ) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000 b ). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rousettus leschenaultii	23	Leschenault's Rousette	Fulvous Fruit Bat|Shortridge's Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	ROUSETTINI	Rousettus	NA	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1820	1	Pteropus_leschenaultii	Desmarest, A. (1820). Mammalogie, ou, Description des espèces de mammifères, 1, 110.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122171#page/285/mode/1up	MNHN 1996-2127		Pondicherry, India.			leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820)|pyrivorus (Hodgson, 1835)|affinis (J. E. Gray, 1843)|marginatus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [preoccupied]|seminudus (Kelaart, 1850)|fuliginosa (J. E. Gray, 1871)|fusca (J. E. Gray, 1871)|infuscata (W. Peters, 1873)|shortridgei O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909	NA	NA	Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Sri Lanka|Myanmar|China|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Thailand|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	sciname match	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19756	Rousettus leschenaultii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Rousettus	leschenaultii	(Desmarest, 1820)	Two subspecies are recognized: Rousettus leschenaultii seminudus (endemic to Sri Lanka) and Rousettus leschenaultii leschenaultii distributed throughout the rest of the range (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012).	20000000	Rousettus leschenaultii	Near Threatened	A2cd	2021	2021-07-14 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Rousettus leschenaultii is assessed as Near Threatened as there is an inferred decline of ca 25% over the last 15 years (three generations; GL = 4.6 years; Pacifici et al. 2013), approaching criteria A2cd. Despite its wide distribution and presumed large population, its largest known populations have been observed to be declining to 20 to 60% in the last 15 years due to cave disturbance (hunting and mining). While the species may not be declining at the same rate everywhere, it is suspected that this decline is widespread.	The species’ ecology and habitat requirements are surprisingly poorly known and poorly documented in the literature given it is consistently described as a common species throughout its range. This species is found in a variety of habitats ranging from tropical moist forest to urban environments. Roosts have been predominantly found in caves and abandoned buildings (e.g., forts and houses as well as water tunnels, Kumar et al. 2015, Sharma et al. 2020). It feeds on fruit (e.g., Ficus spp., Musa sp., flowers and leaves, Vanhalnghaka 2015). Additionally, it has been shown to occasionally feed on small fish (Ghose and Chosal 1984). It has two breeding cycles in a year and gives birth to a single pup (Bates and Harrison 1997). Seasonal movements have been observed, mainly in the Himalayas where the species to exhibit seasonal altitudinal shifts, moving to lower elevations during the winter (Advani 1982, Shabaz et al. 2014). In Rajasthan, the species also appears to undergo a seasonal migration. The other subpopulations appear to be sedentary.	Throughout its wide distribution, this species seems threatened by human disturbance of roosting sites, loss of habitat suitable for foraging and roosting because of mining and logging as well as persecution and hunting for medicinal purposes and consumption. In South Asia, this species is locally threatened by human interference to roosting sites due to tourism related developmental activities, loss of preferred roosting sites, persecution by humans by means of poisoning, fumigation activities and stoning, hunting for medicinal purposes and local consumption (Molur et al. 2002). Where hunting occurs, it is unlikely to be sustainable and the species is classified as vermin in most countries it occurs in.	Data are limited on the overall population size of the species, but data from across the species range suggests an overall decline of ca 25% over the last 15 years (three generations; GL = 4.6 years; Pacifici et al. 2013). Cave roosts comprising a couple of hundreds up to 10,000 individuals have been identified. The largest roost documented in the literature was home to 10,000 individuals in the 1990s is now down to 4,000 (Srinivasulu, C. pers. comm). Similar evidence of decline has been observed in other major roosts throughout the distribution of the species.	Decreasing	This species is widely distributed throughout South Asia, southern China and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, it is known from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal (Central and Western), Pakistan (North and Karachi area), Sri Lanka (Bates and Harrison 1997). In Southeast Asia, it is known from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia as well as Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali and the Mentawai Islands) (Wang 2003, Simmons 2005, Lim et al. 2017). It has been recorded from sea level to an elevation of 2,000 m asl in the Nepal Himalayas (Thapa et al. 2021).	The species is hunted for local consumption and used in traditional practices in some parts of its range.	Terrestrial	Rousettus leschenaultii has been recorded from a number of protected areas throughout its range, and no direct conservation measures are currently needed for the species as a whole. Further studies are needed into the distribution, abundance, reproduction and ecology of this species. Populations of this species should be monitored to record changes in abundance and distribution. Awareness activities need to be taken up to mitigate threats to this species (Molur et al . 2002).	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	Rousettus	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1820	1	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. M&eacute;thod.	0.118056	Leschenault's Rousette	 affinis Gray, 1843; fuliginosa Gray, 1871; fusca  Gray, 1871; infuscata Peters, 1873; marginatus  Gray, 1843 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; pirivarus Hodgson, 1841; pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835; <b>seminudus</b> Kelaart, 1850; <b>shortridgei</b> Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	India, Pondicherry	Sri Lanka; SE Iran, Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia)	Not listed.	Near Threatened	Subgenus Rousettus . Includes seminudus ; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei . Kock et al. (2000 b ) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000 b ). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.	Rousettus leschenaultii	1004542	23	Leschenault's Rousette	Fulvous Fruit Bat|Shortridge's Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	ROUSETTINI	Rousettus	NA	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1820	1	Pteropus_leschenaultii	Desmarest, A. (1820). Mammalogie, ou, Description des espèces de mammifères, 1, 110.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122171#page/285/mode/1up	MNHN 1996-2127		Pondicherry, India.			leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820)|pyrivorus (Hodgson, 1835)|affinis (J. E. Gray, 1843)|marginatus (J. E. Gray, 1843) [preoccupied]|seminudus (Kelaart, 1850)|fuliginosa (J. E. Gray, 1871)|fusca (J. E. Gray, 1871)|infuscata (W. Peters, 1873)|shortridgei O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909	NA	NA				Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Sri Lanka|Myanmar|China|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Thailand|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	sciname match	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rousettus_leschenaultii	1004542	23	Leschenault's Rousette	Fulvous Fruit Bat|Shortridge's Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Rousettini	Rousettus	NA	leschenaultii	A. G. Desmarest	1	pteropus Leschenaultii	Desmarest, A.G. 1821-01-06. Mammalogie ou description des espèces de mammifères. Première partie, contenant les ordres des bimanes, des quadrumanes et des carnassiers. Veuve Agasse, Paris, 276 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39523874	MNHN-ZM-MO-1996-2127, MNHN ? A. 82, MNHN ? A. 83	syntypes	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1996-2127	Pondicherry, India.			NA	NA				Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Sri Lanka|Myanmar|China|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Thailand|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	NT	0	0	0	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	sciname match	Rousettus_leschenaultii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	Rousettus	leschenaultii	Desmarest	1820	1	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. M&eacute;thod.	0.118056	Leschenault's Rousette	affinis Gray, 1843; fuliginosa Gray, 1871; fusca  Gray, 1871; infuscata Peters, 1873; marginatus  Gray, 1843 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; pirivarus Hodgson, 1841; pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835; seminudus Kelaart, 1850; shortridgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	India, Pondicherry	Sri Lanka; SE Iran, Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href=”https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19756/22001287/” target=”_blank>Near Threatened</a>	Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei. Kock et al. (2000b) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison(1997) and Kock et al. (2000b). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but we prefer the original spelling.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rousettus leschenaultii; Rousettus leschenaultii; Rousettus leschenaultii; Rousettus leschenaultii; Rousettus leschenaultii; Rousettus leschenaultii; leschenaultii; seminudus; shortridgei; affinis; fuliginosa; fusca; infuscata; marginatus; pirivarus; pyrivorus; leschenaultii; seminudus; shortridgei; seminudus; shortridgei; affinis; fuliginosa; fusca; infuscata; marginatus; pirivarus; pyrivorus; leschenaultii; pyrivorus; affinis; marginatus; seminudus; fuliginosa; fusca; infuscata; shortridgei; Roussette de Leschenault; Leschenault-Flughund; Rosetus de Leschenault; Fulvous Fruit Bat; Shortridge’s Rousette; Leschenault's Rousette; Fulvous Fruit Bat; Shortridge's Rousette; Leschenault's Rousette; Leschenault's Rousette; R. leschenaultii